To develop a home automation system with a RF controlled remote. As technology is advancing so houses are also getting smarter. Modern houses are gradually shifting from conventional switches to centralized control system, involving RF controlled switches.

1. RF based Home Automation
System

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What is Home Automation
RF based Home Automation System
 As the technologies are rapidly advancing that affects the
human daily lives more flexible, particularly in controlling
home appliances.
 Electrical installations are the heart of every building,
therefore intelligent building control absolutely ensures the
safety and efficient control and eventually saves the electric
power consumption and human energy.
 Home automation system does the operations like lighting
control and regulation, regulating HVAC (Heating,
Ventilation and Air Conditioning) equipment’s, energy and
load management, security and monitoring, audio/ video
systems, HMI’s and other control tasks.

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RF based Home Automation System
Introduction to RF based Home Automation System
 To develop a home automation system with a RF controlled remote, houses are also
getting smarter.
 As technology is advancing so houses are also getting smarter.
 Modern houses are gradually shifting from conventional switches to centralized control
system, involving RF controlled switches.

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RF based Home Automation System
Functional Description:
 Presently, conventional wall switches located in different parts of the house makes it
difficult for the user to go near them to operate.
 In order to achieve this, a RF remote is interfaced to the microcontroller on transmitter
side which sends ON/OFF commands to the receiver where loads are connected.
 By operating the specified remote switch on the transmitter, the loads can be turned
ON/OFF remotely through wireless technology.
 This circuit utilizes the RF module (Tx/Rx) for making a wireless remote, which could be
used to drive an output from a distant place.
 RF module, as the name suggests, uses radio frequency to send signals . These signals
are transmitted at a particular frequency and a baud rate.

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RF based Home Automation System
Block Diagram For Transmitter

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RF based Home Automation System
Block Diagram For Receiver

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RF based Home Automation System
Hardware Requirements:
 8051 series Microcontroller
 Transformer
 Opto-isolator
 TRIAC
 Voltage Regulator
 Crystal
 Diodes
 Resistors
 Capacitors
 Lamps
 RF modules
 Push Buttons.
Software Requirements:
 Keil compiler.

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RF based Home Automation System
RF Transmitter and Receiver
 RF modules are normally divided into three groups, RF transmitter module, RF receiver
module and RF transceiver module .
 433MHz ASK transmitter and receiver is used for the remote control.

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RF based Home Automation System
Features of RF
 Range in open space(Standard Conditions) : 100 Meters
 RX Receiver Frequency : 433 MHz
 RX Typical Sensitivity : 105 Dbm
 RX Supply Current : 3.5 mA
 RX IF Frequency : 1MHz
 Low Power Consumption
 Easy For Application
 RX Operating Voltage : 5V
 TX Frequency Range : 433.92 MHz
 TX Supply Voltage : 3V ~ 6V
 TX Out Put Power : 4 ~ 12 Dbm

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RF based Home Automation System
Encoder
 Encoder IC (HT12E) receives parallel data in the form of
address bits and control bits.
 The control signals from remote switches along with8
address bits constitute a set of 12 parallel signals.
 The encoder converts the parallel inputs (from the remote
switches) into serial set of signals.
 These signals are serially transferred through RF to the
reception point.
 Transmission is enabled by providing ground topin14 which
is active low.

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RF based Home Automation System
Decoder
 In the receiver circuit we use RF module to get the
data and decoded by the decoder.
 Decoder deliver the data into 4 bit and we use further
control circuit to switch on/off.
 The decoder is used after the RF receiver to decode
the serial format and retrieve the original signals as
out puts. These outputs can be observed on
corresponding LEDs.

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RF based Home Automation System
Opto-isolator
 Opto-coupler MOC3061/63 an LED SCR type combination.
 Opto coupler is a 6 pin IC.
 Additionally while using this IC with microcontroller and one
LED can be connected in series with IC LED to indicate when
high is given from micro controller such that we can know
that current is flowing in internal LED of the opto-IC.
 When logic high is given current flows through LED from pin
1 to 2 .
 So in this process LED light falls on SCR causing 6 & 4 to
close only at the zero cross of the supply voltage.

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RF based Home Automation System
BC547 (NPN –Transistor)
 The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.
 It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100
mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
 The ratio of two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current Gain of the device and is given
the symbol of hfe or nowadays Beta, (β).
 The current gain from the emitter to the collector terminal, Ic/Ie, is called Alpha, (α),
and is a function of the transistor itself

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RF based Home Automation System

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RF based Home Automation System
Applications
 Burglar Alarm, Smoke Alarm, Fire Alarm , Car Alarm, Security System.
 Garage Door and Car Door Controllers.
 Cordless telephone.
 Other Remote Control System.
 Wireless security systems.
 Car Alarm systems.
 Remote controls.
 Sensor reporting.

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