Prepaid energy meter using GSM is used to record consumed units and send an alert to user via GSM. It is used to reduce power theft in commercial areas.
Smart Meter's are a part of Smart Grid,which display the consumption of electricity to end use customer as well as communicate to the utility side for demand side management.
Smart Meter's are a part of Smart Grid,which display the consumption of electricity to end use customer as well as communicate to the utility side for demand side management.
An advanced meters which performs smart functions to simplify the billing procedure and to modernize the grids which can be very helpful to the electricity providers and consumers in future. These meters simplifies the tampering and other non technical problems and also offers accurate electricity bills to consumers which avoids paying of high electricity bills.
Automatic load sharing of transformer using microcontrollerPrakhar Anand
1. ABSTRACT:-
The transformer is a static device, which converts power from one level to another level.
The main aim is to protect the transformer under overload condition by load sharing.
Due to overload on transformer, the efficiency drops and windings get overheated and may get burnt.
Thus by sharing load on transformer, the transformer is protected. This will be done by connecting another transformer in parallel through a micro-controller.
The micro controller compares the load on the first transformer with a reference value. When the load exceeds the reference value, the second transformer will share the extra load.
Therefore, the two transformer work efficiently and damage is prevented. Main modules used here are sensing unit, control unit and micro-control.
A GSM modem is also used to inform the control station about switching.
The advantages of the project are transformer protection, uninterrupted power supply, and short circuit protection.
2. OBJECTIVE:-
To design & fabrication of a hardware which will monitor the performance of the load sharing process by taking power consumed by the load into consideration.
3. INTRODUCTION:-
Transformer is the vital component in the electric power transmission and distribution system.
The problems of overloading, voltage variation and heating effects are very common. It takes a lot of time for its repair and also involves lot of expenditure.
This work is all about protecting the transformer under overload condition. Due to overload the efficiency drops and the secondary winding gets overheated or it may be burnt.
So, by reducing the extra load, the transformer can be protected. This can be done by operating another transformer in parallel with main transformer through microcontroller and change over relay.
The microcontroller compares the load on the first transformer with a reference value. When the load exceeds the reference value, the slave transformer will automatically be connected in parallel with first transformer and share the extra load.
Therefore, a number of transformers work efficiently under overload condition and the damage can be prevented.
In this work, the slave transformers share the load of master transformer in the case of over load and over temperature conditions.
A sensor circuit containing microcontroller, current transformer etc. is designed to log the data from master transformer and if it is found to be in overload condition, immediately the slave transformer will be connected in the parallel to the master transformer and the load is shared.
Application of Capacitors to Distribution System and Voltage RegulationAmeen San
Application of Capacitors to
Distribution System and Voltage
Regulation
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT,
System Harmonics
Voltage Regulation
Methods of Voltage Control
Internet of things is the coming together of internet and physical devices in a network of unlimited possibilities using microcontrollers. IOT allows for physical devices to wireless communicate over networks which has led to a growing number of applications for IOT devices.
A smart meter is an electronic device
that records information such as
consumption of electric energy, voltage
levels, current, and power factor. Smart
meters communicate the information to
the consumer for greater clarity of
consumption behavior, and electricity
suppliers for system monitoring and
customer billing.
AC Induction motor (IM) are used as actuators in many industrial processes. Although IMs are reliable, they are subjected to some undesirable stresses, causing faults resulting in failure. Monitoring of an IM is a fast emerging technology for the detection of initial faults. It avoids unexpected failure of an industrial process. Monitoring techniques can be classified as the conventional and the digital techniques.
1.1 PROTECTION SCHEME OF INDUCTION MOTOR
Classical monitoring techniques for three-phase IMs are generally provided by some combination of mechanical and electrical monitoring equipment. Mechanical forms of motor sensing are also limited in ability to detect electrical faults, such as stator insulation failures. In addition, the mechanical parts of the equipment can cause problems in the course of operation and can reduce the life and efficiency of a system.
It is well known that IM monitoring has been studied by many researchers and reviewed in a number of works. Reviews about various stator faults and their causes, and detection techniques, latest trends, and diagnosis methods supported by the artificial intelligence, the microprocessor, the computer and other techniques in monitoring unbalanced voltage inter turn faults, stator winding temperature and microcontroller based digital protectors have been recently studied subjects. In these, while one or two variables were considered together to protect the IMs, the variables of the motor were not considered altogether. Measurements of the voltages, currents, temperatures, and speed were achieved and transferred to the computer for final protection decision.
A programmable integrated circuit (PIC) based protection system has been introduced using Microprocessors and the solutions of various faults of the phase currents, the phase voltages, the speed, and the winding temperatures of an IM occurring in operation have been achieved with the help of the microcontroller, but these electrical parameters have not been displayed on a screen.
Nowadays, the most widely used area of programmable logic controller (PLC) is the control circuits of industrial automation systems. The PLC systems are equipped with special I/O units appropriate for direct usage in industrial automation systems. The input components, such as the pressure, the level, and the temperature sensors, can be directly connected to the input. The driver components of the control circuit such as contactors and solenoid valves can directly be connected to the output.
Smart Grid: Definition
• Need of smart grid
• Smart grid functions
• How Smart Grid Works
• Smart Grid: Benefits
• Smart grid components and its Benefits
• Issues and Challenges
• Opportunities in future
• Smart Grid Projects in India and Gujarat
• Question-Answer
• References
This presentation mainly focus on the different types of solar charge controllers. Here we try to present the working process of these charge controllers,circuit diagrams, advantages & applications.
GSM BASED PREPAID ENERGY METER BILLING VIA SMSSRINIVAS REDDY
The project is designed for reading electrical energy consumed in units and in rupees to display on an LCD screen to the user. This data is also provided to the electrical department using GSM technology for billing purposes. Owing to high electricity cost these days it becomes necessary for the consumer to know as to how much electricity is consumed to control electricity bill within his budget by recharging the energy meter units via S.M.S .
Finally when the energy meter coming to zero user can again recharge according to the purpose used. In this proposed system, the consumer will get his energy consumption data on real time basis on a LCD display. The same data is sent through GSM modem to the electricity department via SMS. A microcontroller of 8051 family is interfaced to the energy meter to get the Watt Hour pulses.
Further this project can be enhanced by to control the electrical appliances remotely via SMS. Also, the electricity department can send the monthly bill amount over SMS to the receiving unit for consumer information.
An advanced meters which performs smart functions to simplify the billing procedure and to modernize the grids which can be very helpful to the electricity providers and consumers in future. These meters simplifies the tampering and other non technical problems and also offers accurate electricity bills to consumers which avoids paying of high electricity bills.
Automatic load sharing of transformer using microcontrollerPrakhar Anand
1. ABSTRACT:-
The transformer is a static device, which converts power from one level to another level.
The main aim is to protect the transformer under overload condition by load sharing.
Due to overload on transformer, the efficiency drops and windings get overheated and may get burnt.
Thus by sharing load on transformer, the transformer is protected. This will be done by connecting another transformer in parallel through a micro-controller.
The micro controller compares the load on the first transformer with a reference value. When the load exceeds the reference value, the second transformer will share the extra load.
Therefore, the two transformer work efficiently and damage is prevented. Main modules used here are sensing unit, control unit and micro-control.
A GSM modem is also used to inform the control station about switching.
The advantages of the project are transformer protection, uninterrupted power supply, and short circuit protection.
2. OBJECTIVE:-
To design & fabrication of a hardware which will monitor the performance of the load sharing process by taking power consumed by the load into consideration.
3. INTRODUCTION:-
Transformer is the vital component in the electric power transmission and distribution system.
The problems of overloading, voltage variation and heating effects are very common. It takes a lot of time for its repair and also involves lot of expenditure.
This work is all about protecting the transformer under overload condition. Due to overload the efficiency drops and the secondary winding gets overheated or it may be burnt.
So, by reducing the extra load, the transformer can be protected. This can be done by operating another transformer in parallel with main transformer through microcontroller and change over relay.
The microcontroller compares the load on the first transformer with a reference value. When the load exceeds the reference value, the slave transformer will automatically be connected in parallel with first transformer and share the extra load.
Therefore, a number of transformers work efficiently under overload condition and the damage can be prevented.
In this work, the slave transformers share the load of master transformer in the case of over load and over temperature conditions.
A sensor circuit containing microcontroller, current transformer etc. is designed to log the data from master transformer and if it is found to be in overload condition, immediately the slave transformer will be connected in the parallel to the master transformer and the load is shared.
Application of Capacitors to Distribution System and Voltage RegulationAmeen San
Application of Capacitors to
Distribution System and Voltage
Regulation
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT,
System Harmonics
Voltage Regulation
Methods of Voltage Control
Internet of things is the coming together of internet and physical devices in a network of unlimited possibilities using microcontrollers. IOT allows for physical devices to wireless communicate over networks which has led to a growing number of applications for IOT devices.
A smart meter is an electronic device
that records information such as
consumption of electric energy, voltage
levels, current, and power factor. Smart
meters communicate the information to
the consumer for greater clarity of
consumption behavior, and electricity
suppliers for system monitoring and
customer billing.
AC Induction motor (IM) are used as actuators in many industrial processes. Although IMs are reliable, they are subjected to some undesirable stresses, causing faults resulting in failure. Monitoring of an IM is a fast emerging technology for the detection of initial faults. It avoids unexpected failure of an industrial process. Monitoring techniques can be classified as the conventional and the digital techniques.
1.1 PROTECTION SCHEME OF INDUCTION MOTOR
Classical monitoring techniques for three-phase IMs are generally provided by some combination of mechanical and electrical monitoring equipment. Mechanical forms of motor sensing are also limited in ability to detect electrical faults, such as stator insulation failures. In addition, the mechanical parts of the equipment can cause problems in the course of operation and can reduce the life and efficiency of a system.
It is well known that IM monitoring has been studied by many researchers and reviewed in a number of works. Reviews about various stator faults and their causes, and detection techniques, latest trends, and diagnosis methods supported by the artificial intelligence, the microprocessor, the computer and other techniques in monitoring unbalanced voltage inter turn faults, stator winding temperature and microcontroller based digital protectors have been recently studied subjects. In these, while one or two variables were considered together to protect the IMs, the variables of the motor were not considered altogether. Measurements of the voltages, currents, temperatures, and speed were achieved and transferred to the computer for final protection decision.
A programmable integrated circuit (PIC) based protection system has been introduced using Microprocessors and the solutions of various faults of the phase currents, the phase voltages, the speed, and the winding temperatures of an IM occurring in operation have been achieved with the help of the microcontroller, but these electrical parameters have not been displayed on a screen.
Nowadays, the most widely used area of programmable logic controller (PLC) is the control circuits of industrial automation systems. The PLC systems are equipped with special I/O units appropriate for direct usage in industrial automation systems. The input components, such as the pressure, the level, and the temperature sensors, can be directly connected to the input. The driver components of the control circuit such as contactors and solenoid valves can directly be connected to the output.
Smart Grid: Definition
• Need of smart grid
• Smart grid functions
• How Smart Grid Works
• Smart Grid: Benefits
• Smart grid components and its Benefits
• Issues and Challenges
• Opportunities in future
• Smart Grid Projects in India and Gujarat
• Question-Answer
• References
This presentation mainly focus on the different types of solar charge controllers. Here we try to present the working process of these charge controllers,circuit diagrams, advantages & applications.
GSM BASED PREPAID ENERGY METER BILLING VIA SMSSRINIVAS REDDY
The project is designed for reading electrical energy consumed in units and in rupees to display on an LCD screen to the user. This data is also provided to the electrical department using GSM technology for billing purposes. Owing to high electricity cost these days it becomes necessary for the consumer to know as to how much electricity is consumed to control electricity bill within his budget by recharging the energy meter units via S.M.S .
Finally when the energy meter coming to zero user can again recharge according to the purpose used. In this proposed system, the consumer will get his energy consumption data on real time basis on a LCD display. The same data is sent through GSM modem to the electricity department via SMS. A microcontroller of 8051 family is interfaced to the energy meter to get the Watt Hour pulses.
Further this project can be enhanced by to control the electrical appliances remotely via SMS. Also, the electricity department can send the monthly bill amount over SMS to the receiving unit for consumer information.
• The concept of prepaid energy meters has been introduced in the power sector to effectively record the units consumed for billing purposes and also monitor several other factors to reduce and minimize losses that occurs due to conventional electromechanical energy meters.
• Prepaid Energy meter is a multipurpose project which can integrate all the functions like billing and automatic message response to user and respective electricity providing company.
A project report on prepaid energy meter. It contains the effective use of power and hints in decreasing the losses suffered by the govt for power theft and debts of the consumer.
Full presentation on the new technology of prepaid electricity meters.
Includes detailed points like theft control and full diagram on the flow of connection from stations to prepaid meter
This project is used to develop a wireless power transfer for vehicles without wires and connections for several applications like vehicles in stores, airports etc
GSM Based Transformer Fault Monitoring Systemijtsrd
Transformer is a important part of the transmission and distribution system. Transformers Monitoring for problems before they occurs can prevent the faults that are expensive to repair and results in loss of service. Transformers are the essential part of power transmission network and expensive, as the cost of power failures. Because of much cost of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance, especially at the remote sites, the utility industry began investing in instrumentation and monitoring of the transformer. in this project we are implementing and of a mobile embedded system to monitor key parameters of a distribution transformer like load currents, oil level and ambient temperature. The idea of monitoring system integrates a global service mobile Modem, with a single chip microcontroller and different sensor interfacing. It is installed at the distribution transformer site and the above parameters are recorded using the analog to digital converter ADC of the embedded system. The parameters are processed and recorded in the system memory. If any emergency situation occurs the system sends SMS message to the mobile phones containing information about abnormality according to some predefined instructions which are programmed in the microcontroller. This system mobile will help the transformers to operate perfectly and identify problems before any failure. Assi. Prof. T. S. Barhate | Mr. Mangesh Patil | Mr. Vaibhav Bhagat | Mr. Rahul Ugale | Mr. Shubham Kandelkar | Mr. Kiran Tikare "GSM Based Transformer Fault Monitoring System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50166.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/50166/gsm-based-transformer-fault-monitoring-system/assi-prof-t-s-barhate
GSM based electricity theft control system that intimates through message when slightest action for theft is made and also sends us message about the unit consumed.
GSM based electricity theft contol system, it also intimates the concernded person when theft is happening. It sends messages about the unit consumed too.
It is a new concept in world of Electricity measurement. This concept is not only beneficial for electricity measurement but also has the capability to prevent theft and misuses of electricity. The concept of IOT (Internet of Things) based prepaid energy meter is very similar to prepaid mobile system, you recharge and spend Accordingly.
When the purchased units are used up by the consumer the meter disconnect the power supply until the next Recharge. The system will automatically notify the consumer to recharge before zero balance unit recharge will be done by the service provider.
SCADA for remote industrial plant project is used to process the real time data acquisition under supervisory control for large scale remote industries.
TV Remote Jammer | 555 Timer Projects | Final Year Engineering ProjectsEdgefxkits & Solutions
This project is a simple but effective TV remote jammer that distracts the ir receiver in tv by using 555 timer. Rays are emitted by standard 38KHz Tv remote.
This predefined speed control of BLDC motor runs a motor at user desired speed by using EEPROM for storing speed. It is an effective speed control method.
How to select the diy electrical projects kit by engineering studentsEdgefxkits & Solutions
The DIY Electrical Projects kit is an interesting assortment of all the nuts,bolts and accessories required to assemble the electrical equipments. This kit helps the students to gain the practical experience of real life electrical assignments on the job.
This article discusses about how to build a robot vehicle with arduino, AVR, robot body, DC motor, 8051 microcontroller, metal detector and motor driver IC.
This article tells about what is an Opto electronic oscillator, working of the oscillator, multi-loop Opto-electronic oscillator, and its applications.
Engineering students should give more importance to mini projects which is designed by students to learn its practical applications using Do It Yourself Kit.
This is used to track the exact location of a vehicle using GPS tracking systems and give information about the position to concerned person through GSM via SMS.
Project is used to control traffic signal system automatically with IR sensors. Signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at junctions.
This article discusses what is an electronic speed control, ESC circuit, components used in electronic speed control, features, types and its applications
This project is used to control electrical appliances or loads through a personal computer (PC) like theatre lighting can be centrally controlled from a PC.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
2. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
Introduction
The project has been introduced in the power sector to effectively record
the units consumed for billing purposes and also monitor several other
factors to reduce power theft and minimize losses that occurs due to
conventional electromechanical energy meters. This is a multipurpose
project that integrates all the functions including a prepaid billing
arrangement and automatic message sending system to the utility
company.
7. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Power Supply
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
230 V AC
50 Hz
5V
DC
12V step down
transformer
Filter(470µf)
5v RegulatorBridge rectifier
A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to
an electrical load.
8. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Power Supply
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
The primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy
to another and, as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric
power converters.
9. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Power Supply
A DC Power Supply Unit (commonly called a PSU) deriving power from
the AC mains (line) supply performs a number of tasks:
• It changes (in most cases reduces) the level of supply to a value
suitable for driving the load circuit.
• It produces a DC supply from the mains (or line) supply AC sine
wave.
• It prevents any AC from appearing at the supply output.
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
10. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Parts of a Power
Supply The output voltage is kept at a constant level, independent of
changes in:
• The AC supply voltage at the supply input.
• The Load current drawn from the supply output.
• Temperature.
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
11. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Energy Meter
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
An energy or electric meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical
Energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically-powered device.
Electric meters are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being
the kilowatt hour.
Periodic readings of electric meters establish billing cycles
and energy used during a cycle.
12. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
MICROCONTROLLE
R
It is a smaller computer
Has on-chip RAM, ROM, I/O ports. etc..
RAM ROM
I/O
Port
Timer
Serial
COM
Port
Microcontroller
CPU
A single chip
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
14. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Energy Meter
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
An energy or electric meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical
Energy consumed by a residence, business, or an electrically-powered device.
Electric meters are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being
the kilowatt hour.
Periodic readings of electric meters establish billing cycles
and energy used during a cycle.
15. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Microcontroller AT89S51/52
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
Microcontroller AT 89S51 IC has several benefits and advantages, including high-
level constraints, external components hardware less, ease of programming.
And cost-efficient. AT 89S51 IC has an internal program that is easy to remove and
re-programmed over and over - again.
In this plane AT 89S51 IC serves as the central control of all aircraft activity. Starting
from the timer to control the length of the electrode work.
In this plane AT 89S51 IC is also used as modifiers for the thermal sensor
temperature is converted in units of mineral content that is displayed in the form
of seven segment displays.
16. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Features of AT89S51/52
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
Endurance: 10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
17. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Features of AT89S51/52
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
Eight Interrupt Sources
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode
Watchdog Timer
Dual Data Pointer
18. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
IR
LED
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special purpose LED that transmits
infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength.
Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide.
They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors.
The appearance is same as a common LED.
19. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
IR
LED
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations.
It is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not,
unlike a common LED.
To overcome this problem, the camera on a cell phone can be used.
The camera can show us the IR rays being emanated from the IR LED in a circuit.
20. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Photo Diode
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
A photodiode is a type of photo detector capable of converting light into either
current or voltage, depending upon the mode of operation.
Photodiodes are similar to regular semiconductor diodes except that they may be
either exposed (to detect vacuum UV or X-rays) or packaged with a window or
optical fibred connection to allow light to reach the sensitive part of the device.
21. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
BC547
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.
The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small plastic packages.
It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification BC847/BC547 series 45 V,
100 mA NPN general-purpose transistors.
Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through base and emitter and
after that only current will pass from collector to emitter
23. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
MAX 232
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an RS-232serial port
to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.
The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS
signals .
When a MAX232 IC receives a TTL level
to convert, it changes a TTL Logic 0 to
between +3 and +15V, and changes TTL
Logic 1 to between -3 to -15V, and vice
versa for converting from RS232 to TTL.
24. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
GSM Communication
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
The term GSM usually means the GSM standard and protocols in the frequency
spectrum around 900MHz.
Mobile Station:
The MS is the physical equipment used by a subscriber, most often a normal hand-
held cellular telephone.
Base Transceiver Station:
The BTS comprises the radio transmission and reception devices, and also manages
the signal processing related to the air interface.
26. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
GSM Modem
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card, and operates
over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a mobile phone.
From the mobile operator perspective, a GSM modem looks just like a mobile phone.
When a GSM modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the
GSM modem to communicate over the mobile network.
While these GSM modems are most frequently
used to provide mobile internet connectivity,
many of them can also be used for sending and
receiving SMS and MMS messages.
27. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines plus
the 8 lines for the data bus).
The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
29. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Working Principle
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
This is a multipurpose project that integrates all the functions including a
prepaid billing arrangement and automatic message sending system to the utility
company.
It may please be noted that it is truly not a usable commercial product engaging
actual prepaid card but uses a set of switches for understanding the technology
implemented behind it.
This project uses an 8051 microcontroller to which a GSM modem is interfaced .
From here the message is sent to the phone number that is auto saved by giving
a missed call to the SIM number present in the GSM modem.
30. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Working Principle
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
There are a set of pushbuttons, which are used to load, any recharge amount
required.
Such arrangement is in lieu of an actual prepaid card for demo purposes.
By pushing those buttons one can easily recharge the amount.
As soon as the microcontroller receives any recharge amount, a switch is set , to
deliver power to the load.
Thereafter consumption of the load power is calculated by the energy meter,
which is interfaced to the microcontroller through an Optical Isolator IC.
31. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Working Principle
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
The microcontroller program then starts to deduct the recharge amount as per
the consumption of load power.
Once the recharge amount reaches to zero then the microcontroller cuts the
power supply to the load through a relay driven duly by a NPN transistor
And also sends a message to the phone number stored that contains all the
billing information.
32. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Further Enhancement
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface
The concept can further be extended by integrating a RFID smartcard where in
each card is provided to automatically recharge the amount and send the same
information via GSM module to the respective phone number stored.
33. http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Conclusion
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM Interface was designed and implemented. The
concept can further be extended by integrating a RFID smartcard wherein each card
is provided to automatically recharge the amount and send the same information
via GSM module to the respective phone number stored.
Prepaid Energy Meter with GSM
Interface