Electronic Speed Control (ESC) Circuits, Working And Applications

Introduction To Electronic
Speed Control (ESC) Working
and Applications

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Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Introduction:
 ESC stands for an electronic speed control is an electronic circuit used to change
the speed of an electric motor. These are frequently used on radio controlled
models which are electrically powered, with the change most frequently used for
brushless motors basically providing an electronically produced 3-phase electric
power low voltage source of energy for the motor. An ESC can be a separate unit
which lumps into the throttle receiver control channel or united into the receiver
itself, as is the situation in most toy-grade R/C vehicles.

Electronic Speed Controller

Features of an Electronic Speed Control
 An ESC controls the speed of the motors spin of an airplane.
 It helps the similar purpose as the throttle servo of a glow powered
airplane.
 It is an edge between the radio receiver of an airplane and the power
plant.
 An electronic speed control will have 3- sets of wires.

Features of an Electronic Speed Control
 One wire will plug into the main battery of an airplane.
 The second wire will have a typical servo wire that plugs into the
receiver’s throttle channel. nd lastly, a third of wire is used for
powering the motor.
 The main features of an electronic speed control include battery
eliminator circuit, low voltage cutoff, brake, and to.

Components used in ESC
The components used in ESC mainly include the following
 Solder pads for the 3-BLDC motor phases
 Negative (-) LIPO connections
 Positive (+) LIPO Connection
 Servo signal or input of the PWM signal

Components used in ESC
 GND reference of PWM Signal
 Solder jumper, for altering the direction of Rotation (CW/CCW)
 Solder jumper, for varying the type of the PWM input signal
State LED

Assembly of ESC

Types of an Electronic Speed Controller
 There is two kinds of electronic speed controller based on the specific
requirements.
 It can acquire the exact one existing in RC Models shops such as
i. Brushed Electronic Speed Control
ii. Brushless Electronic Speed Control

Brushed Electronic Speed Control:
 Brushed ESC is the first electronic speed controller, which has been
around for several years.
 It is very cheap to use in various RTR electric RC vehicles.

Brushless Electronic Speed Control:
 Brushless ESC is the modern advancement in technology once it comes
to Electronic Speed Controls.
 It is also a bit more costly.
 Connected to a brushless motor, it carries more power higher
performance as compared to the brushed ones.
 It can also last a longer period of time.

Electronic Speed Controller Circuit
 The term ESC is frequently used as a contraction for ‘electronic speed
controller.
 The basic function of ESC is to change the amount of power to the
electric motor.
 From the aircraft battery based upon the location of the throttle stick.
 In earlier, speed controllers are mainly used in remote control boats and
cars which use a variable resistor with a wiper that was stimulated by a
servo motor.

 This technique works reasonably at full throttle as the battery is
associated straight to the motor.
 Though at part throttle situations the flow of current through the
resistor producing power to be lost in the form of heat.
 As a model, aircraft will use most of its time at the portion of the
throttle.
 This is not a very practical means of power control.
 Current speed controllers differ the power to the motor by fast
switching the power ON and OFF.

 MOSFET Transistor is used as a switch instead of a mechanical device,
and the amount at which it is switched is about 2000 times a second.
 So, the power to the motor is diverse by changing the amount of ON
time, against off time in a specified cycle.
 Here is the simple ESC circuit with waveform diagram may help with
the description.
 MOSFET is switched ON, when current rises up as the magnetic field in
the windings of the motor increases.

 When MOSFET is switched OFF, magnetic energy stored in the
windings has to be absorbed by the ESC.
 By cabling a diode across the motor, we return the energy back into
the motor as current, which rises down as the magnetic field failures.

Choosing the Right ESC
 The number one significant consideration to keep in mind is to match the
Electronic Speed Control to the sort of motor you used.
 Be sure to purchase the correct ESC for the exact motor.
 Brushed ESC is used for the brushed motor, brushless ESC is used for the
brushless motor, never vice versa.
 Usually, apart from the labels, you will directly know that it’s a brushed
motor if it has 2-wires.
 If the motor has three wires, then it is brushless.

Choosing the Right ESC
 For people who are not aware with electronic speed control, most of the
models like RTR RC model are provided with a pre-installed Electronic
Speed Control.
 Most of these are brushed digital units that carry a decent act in their
operations.
 If RC car comes with an analogue speed control, which needs a servo in
order to work the swing arm, consider receiving a digital one as soon as
you can.
 This way you will remove all the disturbances and preventions going
down from the area of the driver’s stand to recover your RC car every
time it becomes stuck in the track.

Applications of ESC
The electronic speed control systems are used in remote control and
vehicle applications
Electric cars
Electric bicycles
Electric aircraft
Cars
Helicopters
Airplanes
Boats
Quadcopters
ESC Firmware

Conclusion
 Electronic Speed Control is an electronic circuit with the purpose
to vary an electric motor's speed, its direction and possibly also to
act as a dynamic brake. ESCs are often used on electrically
powered radio controlled models, with the variety most often used
for brushless motors essentially providing an electronically
generated three-phase electric power low voltage source of energy
for the motor.

Electronic Speed Control (ESC) Circuits, Working And Applications

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