This article discusses what is an electronic speed control, ESC circuit, components used in electronic speed control, features, types and its applications
This predefined speed control of BLDC motor runs a motor at user desired speed by using EEPROM for storing speed. It is an effective speed control method.
Term Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology In Aerospace Engineering.
AMITY UNIVERSITY DUBAI
This predefined speed control of BLDC motor runs a motor at user desired speed by using EEPROM for storing speed. It is an effective speed control method.
Term Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology In Aerospace Engineering.
AMITY UNIVERSITY DUBAI
This project is used to control the speed of brushless DC motor by using arduino development board with rpm display and pulse width modulation. It can be used in different industrial applications.
In this project, main focus is to develop high power density and high efficiency converter with closed loop control for attaining load and line regulation. Complete converter was simulated in PSIM and implemented hardware in CEERI lab.
Stepper Motor Basics and Types with different modes of operation
1. Basics of stepper motor
2. step angle
3. types
4. Variable reluctance stepper motor
5. 1-phase-on mode
6. 2-phase-on mode
7. half step mode
8. PM stepper motor
9. Hybrid Stepper Motor
10. Application
Design and Analysis of DC-DC Bidirectional Converter for Vehicle to Grid Appl...PranayJagtap5
Aim of the Project:
The project aims to design and analysis of bidirectional dc-dc converter for vehicle-to-grid application in Electric Vehicles. The proposed converter can boost the voltage of an energy-storage system (e.g. from battery management system in EV) to a high-voltage AC bus for a particular load demand, during peak load conditions. When the high-voltage AC bus has excess energy, during low load conditions, this energy-storage module can be charged by the AC bus via inverter & bidirectional dc-dc converter.
Problem Statement:
A DC-DC converter is essential for exchanging energy between a storage device and the rest of the system and vise-versa. Such a converter should be able to handle bidirectional power flow capability in all the operating modes with flexible control. Thus, design and analysis of bidirectional DC-DC converters is an important aspect.
Bidirectional DC-DC Converter:
Bidirectional DC-to-DC converter allows power flow in both forward and reverses direction. The bidirectional converter is also called two quadrant converter or four-quadrant converters (if both voltage and current can change direction). It is used as a key device for interfacing the storage device between source and load in renewable energy systems for continuous flow of power because the output of the renewable energy system fluctuates due to changing weather conditions.
There are two modes in a bidirectional converter that is the buck converter and the boost converter. In the buck mode, auxiliary storage is located on the high voltage side whereas, in boost mode, it is situated on the low voltage side.
Introduction to Electric Vehicle & Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G):
Electric Vehicle is an automobile that operates on two or more electric motors powered by a battery pack or combined system of the battery pack and IC engine. There are four types of EVs, as each of them has advantages and disadvantages, they all save fuel and emit fewer GHG than other conventional IC engines. They can also recharge their batteries by the process of regenerative braking, where the electric motor in the EV assists in slowing down the EV and simultaneously recovers portion energy and feeds it to the batteries.
Four types of EVs are as follows:
(1) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
(2) Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
(3) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
(4) Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV)
V2G technology can be defined as a system capable enough to control bi-directional flow of electric energy between a vehicle and the electrical grid. The integration of electric vehicles into the power grid is called the vehicle-to-grid system. As conventional converters are unidirectional, they only work in G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle) mode. In V2G technology the grid is feed by the energy stored in the vehicle battery through the bidirectional converter, where power from the vehicle battery is stepped-up by the BDC.
This project is used to control the speed of brushless DC motor by using arduino development board with rpm display and pulse width modulation. It can be used in different industrial applications.
In this project, main focus is to develop high power density and high efficiency converter with closed loop control for attaining load and line regulation. Complete converter was simulated in PSIM and implemented hardware in CEERI lab.
Stepper Motor Basics and Types with different modes of operation
1. Basics of stepper motor
2. step angle
3. types
4. Variable reluctance stepper motor
5. 1-phase-on mode
6. 2-phase-on mode
7. half step mode
8. PM stepper motor
9. Hybrid Stepper Motor
10. Application
Design and Analysis of DC-DC Bidirectional Converter for Vehicle to Grid Appl...PranayJagtap5
Aim of the Project:
The project aims to design and analysis of bidirectional dc-dc converter for vehicle-to-grid application in Electric Vehicles. The proposed converter can boost the voltage of an energy-storage system (e.g. from battery management system in EV) to a high-voltage AC bus for a particular load demand, during peak load conditions. When the high-voltage AC bus has excess energy, during low load conditions, this energy-storage module can be charged by the AC bus via inverter & bidirectional dc-dc converter.
Problem Statement:
A DC-DC converter is essential for exchanging energy between a storage device and the rest of the system and vise-versa. Such a converter should be able to handle bidirectional power flow capability in all the operating modes with flexible control. Thus, design and analysis of bidirectional DC-DC converters is an important aspect.
Bidirectional DC-DC Converter:
Bidirectional DC-to-DC converter allows power flow in both forward and reverses direction. The bidirectional converter is also called two quadrant converter or four-quadrant converters (if both voltage and current can change direction). It is used as a key device for interfacing the storage device between source and load in renewable energy systems for continuous flow of power because the output of the renewable energy system fluctuates due to changing weather conditions.
There are two modes in a bidirectional converter that is the buck converter and the boost converter. In the buck mode, auxiliary storage is located on the high voltage side whereas, in boost mode, it is situated on the low voltage side.
Introduction to Electric Vehicle & Vehicle-to-Grid(V2G):
Electric Vehicle is an automobile that operates on two or more electric motors powered by a battery pack or combined system of the battery pack and IC engine. There are four types of EVs, as each of them has advantages and disadvantages, they all save fuel and emit fewer GHG than other conventional IC engines. They can also recharge their batteries by the process of regenerative braking, where the electric motor in the EV assists in slowing down the EV and simultaneously recovers portion energy and feeds it to the batteries.
Four types of EVs are as follows:
(1) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
(2) Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV)
(3) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)
(4) Range Extended Electric Vehicle (REEV)
V2G technology can be defined as a system capable enough to control bi-directional flow of electric energy between a vehicle and the electrical grid. The integration of electric vehicles into the power grid is called the vehicle-to-grid system. As conventional converters are unidirectional, they only work in G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle) mode. In V2G technology the grid is feed by the energy stored in the vehicle battery through the bidirectional converter, where power from the vehicle battery is stepped-up by the BDC.
An automotive Motor Control System is a complex combination of Microcontroller Unit, Gate Driver IC, MOSFETs and motors with clearly defined roles. The blog explores how each of these components work together to drive an automotive BLDC motor.
Parameter estimation of three-phase linear induction motor by a DSP-based el...IJECEIAES
This work describes a method to characterize a three-phase linear induction motor in order to determine the various parameters used in its per-phase equivalent circuit by a DSP-based electric-drives system. In LIM (Linear Induction Motor), the air gap is very large compared with the RIMs (Rotary Induction Motors). Further, the secondary part normally does not have slotted structure. It is just made of aluminum and steel plates. Therefore, the effective air gap is larger than the physical air gap. High air gap makes a larger leakage inductance. It leads to lower efficiency and lower power factor. DC resistance test will be done to determine the value of Rs. The primary Inductance Ls will be calculated by running the LIM at synchronous speed. The secondary parameters i.e. Llr and Rr′ will be calculated by blocked-mover test. The experiment for no load test is shown and include a DC motor coupled to the LIM under test. Two methods to calculate the secondary parameters are described.
A novel approach towards handling of bldc motor drive along with faulty hall ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Brushles DC motor are one type of motors that are rapidly gaining the popularity and are penetrating in industrial applications, home appliances, automotive, consumer, medical etc. Because of there many advantages such as high efficiency ,silent operation, compact form ,reliability, low maintenance (due to the absence of brushess), long operating life, high speed ranges etc. for the proper commution of current in inverter the rotar position information is necessary, this information is usually provided by the mechanical position sensors mounted within the motor. however it is well known that these position sensors have many drawbacks therefore a sensor less control of BLDC motor is developed which eliminates the sensing equipment ,reduces the cost of motor and increases the reliability of the BLDC motor. In this paper the position information is obtained from the zero crossing detection of the back EMF which is also called as the terminal voltage sensing method which is the simplest ,method of detecting the back EMF zero crossing ,here the motor voltages are sensed and give to the lowpass filter whose output is give to the ZCD which determines the zero crossing of the back EMF waveform and ZCD generates the signal required for the controller to provide the pulses for the inverter operation the controller used is a high performance controller(DSPic30F4011) which as both the features of microcontroller and digital signal processor .The complete model is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK software. the proposed hardware and simulation program are found to be efficient and the results are promising
Induction motor modelling and applications reportUmesh Dadde
A three-phase induction motor is one of the most popular and versatile motor in electrical
power system and industries. It can perform the best when operated using a balanced three-phase
supply of the correct frequency. In spite of their robustness they do occasionally fail and their
resulting unplanned downtime can prove very costly. Therefore, condition monitoring of
electrical machines has received considerable attention in recent years.
Real time implementation of a super twisting control of a BLDC motorIJECEIAES
This paper presents and implements a Super-Twisting high order sliding mode control for a BLDC motor. Conventional sliding mode controller has a very fast response, it allows the convergence in finite time and characterized by its robustness against disturbances and uncertainties; However, the chattering phenomenon due to the discontinuous nature of its control organ degrades its performance, especially in case of mechanical membranes control. To overcome this disadvantage, the most commun solutions are based on the adaptation of its discontinuous nature at static regime, it reduces effectively the chattering phenomenon, but on the other hand impacts performance in terms of robustness. The Super-Twisting is an algorithm of high order sliding mode applicable on systems with relative degree 1, it produces a continuous control which cancels the chattering phenomenon and preserve all traditional sliding mode command performances. To validate the effectiveness and the robustness of the Super-Twisting controller for controlling brushless motors, experimental results using a 3KW BLDC motor are provided and compared with those of a conventional sliding mode controller.
SCADA for remote industrial plant project is used to process the real time data acquisition under supervisory control for large scale remote industries.
TV Remote Jammer | 555 Timer Projects | Final Year Engineering ProjectsEdgefxkits & Solutions
This project is a simple but effective TV remote jammer that distracts the ir receiver in tv by using 555 timer. Rays are emitted by standard 38KHz Tv remote.
How to select the diy electrical projects kit by engineering studentsEdgefxkits & Solutions
The DIY Electrical Projects kit is an interesting assortment of all the nuts,bolts and accessories required to assemble the electrical equipments. This kit helps the students to gain the practical experience of real life electrical assignments on the job.
This article discusses about how to build a robot vehicle with arduino, AVR, robot body, DC motor, 8051 microcontroller, metal detector and motor driver IC.
This article tells about what is an Opto electronic oscillator, working of the oscillator, multi-loop Opto-electronic oscillator, and its applications.
Engineering students should give more importance to mini projects which is designed by students to learn its practical applications using Do It Yourself Kit.
This is used to track the exact location of a vehicle using GPS tracking systems and give information about the position to concerned person through GSM via SMS.
Project is used to control traffic signal system automatically with IR sensors. Signal timing changes automatically on sensing the traffic density at junctions.
Prepaid energy meter using GSM is used to record consumed units and send an alert to user via GSM. It is used to reduce power theft in commercial areas.
This project is used to control electrical appliances or loads through a personal computer (PC) like theatre lighting can be centrally controlled from a PC.
Project is used to control the robotic vehicle using RF remote operation. Low power laser beam light is interfaced with microcontroller for desired operation
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Introduction:
ESC stands for an electronic speed control is an electronic circuit used to change
the speed of an electric motor. These are frequently used on radio controlled
models which are electrically powered, with the change most frequently used for
brushless motors basically providing an electronically produced 3-phase electric
power low voltage source of energy for the motor. An ESC can be a separate unit
which lumps into the throttle receiver control channel or united into the receiver
itself, as is the situation in most toy-grade R/C vehicles.
4. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Features of an Electronic Speed Control
An ESC controls the speed of the motors spin of an airplane.
It helps the similar purpose as the throttle servo of a glow powered
airplane.
It is an edge between the radio receiver of an airplane and the power
plant.
An electronic speed control will have 3- sets of wires.
5. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Features of an Electronic Speed Control
One wire will plug into the main battery of an airplane.
The second wire will have a typical servo wire that plugs into the
receiver’s throttle channel. nd lastly, a third of wire is used for
powering the motor.
The main features of an electronic speed control include battery
eliminator circuit, low voltage cutoff, brake, and to.
6. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Components used in ESC
The components used in ESC mainly include the following
Solder pads for the 3-BLDC motor phases
Negative (-) LIPO connections
Positive (+) LIPO Connection
Servo signal or input of the PWM signal
7. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Components used in ESC
GND reference of PWM Signal
Solder jumper, for altering the direction of Rotation (CW/CCW)
Solder jumper, for varying the type of the PWM input signal
State LED
9. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Types of an Electronic Speed Controller
There is two kinds of electronic speed controller based on the specific
requirements.
It can acquire the exact one existing in RC Models shops such as
i. Brushed Electronic Speed Control
ii. Brushless Electronic Speed Control
11. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Types of an Electronic Speed Controller
Brushed Electronic Speed Control:
Brushed ESC is the first electronic speed controller, which has been
around for several years.
It is very cheap to use in various RTR electric RC vehicles.
12. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Types of an Electronic Speed Controller
Brushless Electronic Speed Control:
Brushless ESC is the modern advancement in technology once it comes
to Electronic Speed Controls.
It is also a bit more costly.
Connected to a brushless motor, it carries more power higher
performance as compared to the brushed ones.
It can also last a longer period of time.
13. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Electronic Speed Controller Circuit
The term ESC is frequently used as a contraction for ‘electronic speed
controller.
The basic function of ESC is to change the amount of power to the
electric motor.
From the aircraft battery based upon the location of the throttle stick.
In earlier, speed controllers are mainly used in remote control boats and
cars which use a variable resistor with a wiper that was stimulated by a
servo motor.
15. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Electronic Speed Controller Circuit
This technique works reasonably at full throttle as the battery is
associated straight to the motor.
Though at part throttle situations the flow of current through the
resistor producing power to be lost in the form of heat.
As a model, aircraft will use most of its time at the portion of the
throttle.
This is not a very practical means of power control.
Current speed controllers differ the power to the motor by fast
switching the power ON and OFF.
16. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Electronic Speed Controller Circuit
MOSFET Transistor is used as a switch instead of a mechanical device,
and the amount at which it is switched is about 2000 times a second.
So, the power to the motor is diverse by changing the amount of ON
time, against off time in a specified cycle.
Here is the simple ESC circuit with waveform diagram may help with
the description.
MOSFET is switched ON, when current rises up as the magnetic field in
the windings of the motor increases.
17. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Electronic Speed Controller Circuit
When MOSFET is switched OFF, magnetic energy stored in the
windings has to be absorbed by the ESC.
By cabling a diode across the motor, we return the energy back into
the motor as current, which rises down as the magnetic field failures.
18. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Choosing the Right ESC
The number one significant consideration to keep in mind is to match the
Electronic Speed Control to the sort of motor you used.
Be sure to purchase the correct ESC for the exact motor.
Brushed ESC is used for the brushed motor, brushless ESC is used for the
brushless motor, never vice versa.
Usually, apart from the labels, you will directly know that it’s a brushed
motor if it has 2-wires.
If the motor has three wires, then it is brushless.
19. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Choosing the Right ESC
For people who are not aware with electronic speed control, most of the
models like RTR RC model are provided with a pre-installed Electronic
Speed Control.
Most of these are brushed digital units that carry a decent act in their
operations.
If RC car comes with an analogue speed control, which needs a servo in
order to work the swing arm, consider receiving a digital one as soon as
you can.
This way you will remove all the disturbances and preventions going
down from the area of the driver’s stand to recover your RC car every
time it becomes stuck in the track.
20. http://www.elprocus.com/
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Applications of ESC
The electronic speed control systems are used in remote control and
vehicle applications
Electric cars
Electric bicycles
Electric aircraft
Cars
Helicopters
Airplanes
Boats
Quadcopters
ESC Firmware
21. http://www.elprocus.com/
Conclusion
Introduction To Electronic Speed Control
(ESC) Working and Applications
Electronic Speed Control is an electronic circuit with the purpose
to vary an electric motor's speed, its direction and possibly also to
act as a dynamic brake. ESCs are often used on electrically
powered radio controlled models, with the variety most often used
for brushless motors essentially providing an electronically
generated three-phase electric power low voltage source of energy
for the motor.