This document describes a project to design a system that automatically detects lost ATM cards and sends an alert message to a predefined phone number. The system uses a GSM modem connected to a PIC microcontroller. The microcontroller is connected to an LCD display, smart card reader, and other components. When a lost card is inserted, the microcontroller will send an SMS message via the GSM modem. The document provides details on the various hardware components used and how they interface with each other.

1. GSM based Smart card
information for lost ATM cards
By:
Student 1
Student 2

2. AIM OF THE PROJECT
The project aims in designing a system
which automatically detects the lost ATM
cards and sends the alerting message to the
predefined number.
Now a day’s technology is running with
time, it completely occupied the life style of
human beings. It is being used everywhere in
our daily life to fulfill our requirements. We
can not only increase the speed of life but also
increase security with good ideas by making
use of advanced technology.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM
GSM based Smart card information for lost ATM
cards
Micro
controller
Regulated power supply
Crystal Oscillator LED indicators
GSM
Modem
Reset
LCD
driver
LCD
Smart card
Reader
Smart
card

4. MAJOR BLOCKS
 Regulated Power Supply
 Smart card module.
 GSM modem.
 Crystal oscillator.
 Micro Controller
 LED indicators
 LCD display with driver.

5. REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
 Every embedded system requires dc voltage and that that will
be 5v supply
 We are getting 230v, 50 Hz in our house hold applications.
We can be used to operate the home appliances like T.V,
cooler, fan, light’s
 Digital electronic devices need digital supply and we can
get supply from regulated power supply block
Step down
transformer
(v-0-12 )
Bridge
rectifier
Capacitive
filter
Regulator
(7805)
+5V DC
230 v AC230 v AC

6. TRANSFORMER
 Transformer is a electromagnetic device which
induces the voltage due to magnetic field present between
primary and secondary windings.
 It has two windings called as primary winding and
secondary winding. We are giving input 230v input
voltage at primary side. The output of transformer is
12v(ac only).
 We have two types of transformers
1. Step up transformer.
2. Step down transformer.

7. STEP UP
TRANSFORMER
STEP DOWN
TRANSFORMER
 This transformer
will step up the voltage
that is this transformer
will increase the
voltage.
 eg. V-0-12
 This type of
transformers will step
down the voltage. That is
this will convert high
voltage in to low voltage.
 eg. 0- 430

8. RECTIFIER
Rectifier is circuit which converts the ac in to dc. We have two
types of rectifier.
1. Full wave rectifier
2. Half wave rectifier
Full wave rectifier again classified as follows
1. Bridge rectifier
2. Centre tapped full wave rectifier
In this project we are using bridge rectifier because the efficiency
of the bridge rectifier is high compare to all rectifiers.

9. FILTER
 The output of rectifier is not pure DC. It may contain some
ripple components that is pulsating DC. To eliminate this
ripple components which are present in output we are using
filter.
 Filter is a circuit which is used to eliminate the ripples present
in rectified output.
 We have many types of filters.
 Most of the power supplies are using capacitor filter to filter
out the ripples present in output.

10. REGULATOR
 The output of filter is not constant output voltage it will varies
according to changes in input but we want constant output
voltage. For this purpose we are using voltage regulator.
 Regulator is defined as it is a device which will maintain
constant output irrespective of changes in input.
 The most popular regulator series is 78xx series. This series
have more advantages.
 We are using 7805 voltage regulator to maintain constant 5v
output voltage irrespective of changes in input voltage.

11. EMBEDDED SYSTEM
An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform one or
a few dedicated functions often with real-time computing constraints.
Embedded system is classified into 3 categories
1) Stand Alone Embedded System
2) Real-time embedded systems
3) Network communication embedded systems
•

12. Stand Alone Embedded System
• These systems takes the input in the form of
electrical signals from transducers or commands
from human beings such as pressing of a button
etc.., process them and produces desired output.
This entire process of taking input, processing it
and giving output is done in standalone mode.
Such embedded systems comes under stand
alone embedded systems
• Eg: microwave oven, air conditioner etc..

13. Real-time embedded systems
Embedded systems which are used to perform a specific task or
operation in a specific time period those systems are called as real-time
embedded systems. There are two types of real-time embedded systems.
1. Hard Real-time embedded systems
These embedded systems follow an absolute dead line time
period i.e.., if the tasking is not done in a particular time period
then there is a cause of damage to the entire equipment.
Eg: consider a system in which we have to open a valve
within 30 milliseconds. If this valve is not opened in 30 ms this
may cause damage to the entire equipment. So in such cases we
use embedded systems for doing automatic operations.

14. 2. Soft Real Time embedded systems
These embedded systems follow a relative dead line time
period i.e.., if the task is not done in a particular time that will not
cause damage to the equipment.
Eg: Consider a TV remote control system
If the remote control takes a few milliseconds delay it will
not cause damage either to the TV or to the remote control. These
systems which will not cause damage when they are not operated
at considerable time period those systems comes under soft real-
time embedded systems.

15. Network communication embedded systems
A wide range network interfacing communication is
provided by using embedded systems.
Eg:
Consider a web camera that is connected to the
computer with internet can be used to spread
communication like sending pictures, images, videos etc..
to another computer with internet connection throughou
anywhere in the world.

16. Microcontroller
 A microcontroller is a small computer on a single
integrated circuit consisting of a relatively simple
CPU combined with support functions such as a
crystal oscillator, timers, watchdog timer, serial and
analog I/O etc.
 Microcontrollers are also used in scientific, high
technology, and aerospace projects.
 Microcontrollers are designed for small or dedicated
applications.

17.  Some microcontrollers may operate at clock rate frequencies
as low as 4 kHz, as this is adequate for many typical
applications, enabling low power consumption (mill watts or
microwatts)
 Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products
and devices, such as automobile engine control systems,
remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, and
toys.
 A microcontroller can be considered a self-contained system
with a processor, memory and peripherals and can be used
with an embedded system.

18.  Microcontrollers must provide real time response to
events in the embedded system they are controlling.
When certain events occur, an interrupt system can
signal the processor to suspend processing the
current instruction sequence and to begin an
interrupt service routine (ISR, or "interrupt
handler").
 Embedded processors are usually used to control
devices, they sometimes need to accept input from
the device they are controlling.

19.  PIC is a family of Harvard architecture microcontrollers made
by Microchip Technology, derived from the PIC1640
originally developed by General Instrument's Microelectronics
Division.
 The name PIC initially referred to "Peripheral Interface
Controller".
 A PIC's instructions vary from about 35 instructions for the
low-end PICs to over 80 instructions for the high-end PICs.,
ABOUT PIC MICROCONTROLLER

20. PIC CONTROLLER
 PIC microcontroller has four optional clock sources.
 Low power crystal
 Mid range crystal
 High range crystal
 RC oscillator (low cost).
 Programmable timers and on-chip ADC.
 Up to 12 independent interrupt sources.
 Powerful output pin control (25 mA (max.) current
sourcing capability per pin.)
 EPROM/OTP/ROM/Flash memory option.
 I/O port expansion capability.

21. PIC 18F452 CHARACTERISTICS
Memory Type
Flash
Program Memory K Bytes
32
EEPROM Data Memory
256
RAM
1536
I/O Pins
36
Pin count
40
Max. CPU Speed MHz
40
Internal Oscillator 8 MHz
Temperature Range -40 to 125 c

22. PIC 18F452 PIN DIAGRAM

23. RF COMMUNICATION
• Radio Frequency (RF) communications is based on laws
of physics that describe the behavior of electromagnetic
energy waves.
• RF communication works by creating electromagnetic
waves at a source and being able to pick up those
electromagnetic waves at a particular destination. These
electromagnetic waves travel through the air at near the
speed of light. The wavelength of an electromagnetic
signal is inversely proportional to the frequency; the
higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength.

24. GSM
GSM, which stands for Global System for Mobile communications,
reigns (important) as the world’s most widely used cell phone
technology. Cell phones use a cell phone service carrier’s GSM
network by searching for cell phone towers in the nearby area.
Need of GSM:
The GSM study group aimed to provide the followings through the
GSM:
1. Improved spectrum efficiency.
2. International roaming.
3. Low-cost mobile sets and base stations (BS)
4. High-quality speech
5. Compatibility with Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) and
other telephone company services.
6. Support for new services.

25. • Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally
accepted standard for digital cellular communication.
GSM – Architecture
A GSM network consists of several functional entities whose
functions and interfaces are defined. The GSM network can be
divided into following broad parts.
The Mobile Station (MS)
The Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
The Network Switching Subsystem (NSS)
The Operation Support Subsystem (OSS)

26. Following fig shows the simple architecture diagram of GSM
Network.

27. The added components of the GSM architecture include the
functions of the databases and messaging systems:
 Home Location Register (HLR)
 Visitor Location Register (VLR)
 Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
 Authentication Center (AuC)
 SMS Serving Center (SMS SC)
 Gateway MSC (GMSC)
 Charge back Center (CBC)
 Transcoder and Adaptation Unit (TRAU)

28. Following fig shows the diagram of GSM Network
along with added elements.

29. GSM network areas
In a GSM network, the following areas are defined:
Cell: Cell is the basic service area, one BTS covers one cell. Each cell is
given a Cell Global Identity (CGI), a number that uniquely identifies
the cell.
Location Area: A group of cells form a Location Area. This is the area that
is paged when a subscriber gets an incoming call. Each Location Area
is assigned a Location Area Identity (LAI). Each Location Area is
served by one or more BSCs.
MSC/VLR Service Area: The area covered by one MSC is called the
MSC/VLR service area.
PLMN: The area covered by one network operator is called PLMN. A
PLMN can contain one or more MSCs.

30. Advantages of GSMAdvantages of GSM
 GSM is already used worldwide with over 450 million subscribers.GSM is already used worldwide with over 450 million subscribers.
 International roaming permits subscribers to use one phone throughoutInternational roaming permits subscribers to use one phone throughout
Western Europe. CDMA will work in Asia, but not France, Germany,Western Europe. CDMA will work in Asia, but not France, Germany,
the U.K. and other popular European destinations.the U.K. and other popular European destinations.
 GSM is mature, having started in the mid-80s. This maturity means aGSM is mature, having started in the mid-80s. This maturity means a
more stable network with robust features. CDMA is still building itsmore stable network with robust features. CDMA is still building its
network.network.
 GSM's maturity means engineers cut their teeth on the technology,GSM's maturity means engineers cut their teeth on the technology,
creating an unconscious preference.creating an unconscious preference.
 The availability of Subscriber Identity Modules, which are smart cardsThe availability of Subscriber Identity Modules, which are smart cards
that provide secure data encryption give GSM m-commerce advantages.that provide secure data encryption give GSM m-commerce advantages.

31. LCD DISPLAY
• A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat electronic
visual display that uses the light modulating
properties of liquid crystals.
• Liquid crystal display is very important device in
embedded system. It offers high flexibility to user as he
can display the required data on it.
• These are used in a wide range of applications,
including computer monitors, television, instrument
panels, aircraft, cockpit displays, signage, etc

33. Pin No. Name Description
Pin no. 1 VSS Power supply (GND)
Pin no. 2 VCC Power supply (+5V)
Pin no. 3 VEE Contrast adjust
Pin no. 4 RS
0 = Instruction input
1 = Data input
Pin no. 5 R/W
0 = Write to LCD module
1 = Read from LCD module
Pin no. 6 EN Enable signal
Pin no. 7 D0 Data bus line 0 (LSB)
Pin no. 8 D1 Data bus line 1
Pin no. 9 D2 Data bus line 2
Pin no. 10 D3 Data bus line 3
Pin no. 11 D4 Data bus line 4
Pin no. 12 D5 Data bus line 5
Pin no. 13 D6 Data bus line 6
Pin no. 14 D7 Data bus line 7 (MSB)
PIN DESCRIPTION

34. OSCILLATOR
 An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit
that produces a repetitive Electronic signal, often a sine
wave or a square wave.
 PIC micro controller internally having 4mhz clock
frequency.
 We are giving the 20Mhz clock frequency as an external
source for increasing the system performance

35.  LED’s are used as indicator lamps in
many devices, and are increasingly used
for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component
 LED’s emitted low-intensity red light, but modern
versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and
infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.
LED INDICATORS
 Led indicators have a life of at least ten years and
consume 90 per cent less power than conventional indicators.
 Depending on the type of the materials (Ga,As,p) led will
gives the output in different colors (red, Yellow, green etc..)

36. ADVANTAGES OF LED
Long life :
lifetimes can exceed 100,000 hours, as compared to 1,000 hours for
tungsten bulbs
Robustness :
no moving parts, no glass
Size :
typical package is only 5 mm in diameter
Energy efficiency :
up to 90% less energy used translates into smaller power supply
required
Versatility :
available in a variety of colors

37. Applications of led
→ Medical Instrumentation
→ Bar Code Readers
→ Color & Money Sensors
→ Electronic Gadgets
→ Encoders
→ Optical Switches
→ Embedded systems
→ Fiber Optic Communication

38. RESET BUTTON
 The reset button is a button that when clicked, will
clear all of the fields in the micro controller, and
executes the instructions from the starting address.
 A switch placed between the digital input and
ground will short the digital input to ground when it
is pressed. This means the voltage seen at the input
will be high when the switch is open and low when
the switch is closed.

39. Software’s used
 PIC-C compiler for Embedded C programming
 PIC kit 2 programmer for dumping code into Micro
controller.
 Express SCH for Circuit design
 Proteus for hardware simulation