1) Retroperitoneal endoscopic necrosectomy and NOTES pancreatic necrosectomy are minimally invasive techniques for treating infected pancreatic necrosis as an alternative to open necrosectomy.
2) The document describes various management techniques for infected pancreatic necrosis including percutaneous drainage, endoscopic approaches, laparoscopic debridement, and retroperitoneal approaches.
3) Case studies demonstrate the use of techniques like transgastric endoscopic necrosectomy, retroperitoneal necrosectomy, and endoscopic cystogastrostomy to treat infected pancreatic necrosis.
Revised Atlanta classification of Acute PancreatitisDr M Venkatesh
The most important change in Atlanta classification is the categorization of the various pancreatic collections.
In acute IEP, collections that do not have an enhancing capsule are called APFCs; after development of a capsule, they are referred to as
pseudocysts
In necrotizing pancreatitis,a collection without an enhancing capsule is called an ANC (usually in the first 4 weeks) and thereafter a WON, which has an enhancing capsule.
The most important distinction between collections in necrotizing pancreatitis and those associated with acute IEP is the presence of nonliquefied material in collections due to necrotizing pancreatitis.
Acute pancreatitis atlanta classification & managementSeneeth Peramuna
Acute Pancreatitis
Definition,
Etialogy and pathogenesis
Atlanta Revised classification
Initial risk assesment
Management of general condition, local and systemic complications
BISAP score
Modified Marshall score
Revised Atlanta classification of Acute PancreatitisDr M Venkatesh
The most important change in Atlanta classification is the categorization of the various pancreatic collections.
In acute IEP, collections that do not have an enhancing capsule are called APFCs; after development of a capsule, they are referred to as
pseudocysts
In necrotizing pancreatitis,a collection without an enhancing capsule is called an ANC (usually in the first 4 weeks) and thereafter a WON, which has an enhancing capsule.
The most important distinction between collections in necrotizing pancreatitis and those associated with acute IEP is the presence of nonliquefied material in collections due to necrotizing pancreatitis.
Acute pancreatitis atlanta classification & managementSeneeth Peramuna
Acute Pancreatitis
Definition,
Etialogy and pathogenesis
Atlanta Revised classification
Initial risk assesment
Management of general condition, local and systemic complications
BISAP score
Modified Marshall score
surgery, minimally invasive techniques, continuous closed ;lavage, necrosectomy, VARD, ideal time for intervention, role of antibiotics , laparoscpic surgery
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Post ERCP duodenal perforation is rare –but do occur in risky pts; and expertise is needed to know tricks and tips –of Ercp procedure --Best is to detect and confirm it but it is rare to detect it endoscopically .; recently post ERCp,prerforations can be treated during ERCP through endoccopically by hemoclip-endoloopd stents etc ;pts with signs of hemodynamic instability and peritonoits can be taken to Or after resuscitation and expected preparation ;–otherwise CT can with oral, contrast is mandatory to exclude or establish the disease; and also determine the type of management –when to observe when to operate-algorithm approach is there -More than 70 % can be managed non operatively--; Elderly pts carry high mortality for surgical intervention—also delay of more than 24 hours for surgical intervention carry high mortality so non operative treatment possibility with ct guided aspiration or endoscopic stenting’ laparoscopic closure ; and minimally invasive options as should be explored- best treatment is prevention; early detection; appropriate management and knowledge =update your knowledge periodically and hope for best
Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy of Hilar Tumors with Cold Ischemiaguestd58ac53
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
1. Retroperitoneal Endoscopic Necrosectomy & “NOTES Pancreatic Necrosectomy” Hakan Yanar MD İstanbul Faculty of Medicine General Surgery Service İstanbul, Turkey 12 th European Congress of Trauma and Emergency Surgery April, 27-30, 2011, Milan
18. Severe Acute Pancreatitis Fine needle aspiration of necrosis (+) (-) Aggresive ICU care Conservative management Necrosis endoscopically accesible Posterior gastric / medical duodenal wall Necrosis in Paracolic gutters Perinephric and Retroduodenal space Endoscopic necrosectomy Laparoscopic necrosectomy or Endoscopic necrosectomy No improvement Surgical drainage
Parenchymal necrosis, as a complication of acute pancreatitis, occurs in 10% to 25% of patients requiring hospital admission, and continues to be associated with mortality rate of approximately 25%.
-Delayed intervention (>2 weeks) is associated with reduced mortality -With later surgical intervention leading to better demarcation of extent of necrosis and maturation of the local inflammatory ressponce
Practically if pt has more than 50 % necrosis it indicates 80 % infection rates.
In our institution, necrosectomy is usually
Endoscopic ultrasound was used to define the optimal puncture position and to exclude vessel interposition. However the use of EUS did not prevent bleeding complications
In pancreatitis thanks got we do not have that kind of tecnique
Castellanos et al concluded that
There are various surgical approaches for removing the necrosum. Minimally invasive retroperitoneal pancreatic necrosectomy (MIRP) is a relatively novel approach with early encouraging results and is safe in the surgical management of well-selected cases of necrotising pancreatitis.
A large fragment of necrosis extruding from the cavity posterior to stomach