It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: Respiratory System. It also talks about the definition, parts and the concepts about Respiratory System.
It is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the lesson or topic: Respiratory System. It also talks about the definition, parts and the concepts about Respiratory System.
Respiration Process which involves taking in oxygen into the cells, using it for releasing energy by burning food and then eliminating the waste products like carbon dioxide and water from the body It is a catabolic process as the food is broken down into simpler form. In short, respiration is a biochemical activity taking place with in the protoplasm of the cell and results in the liberation of energy
2. Breathing and Respiration BREATHING 1. Mechanism by which organisms obtain oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide 2. It is a physical process 3. It involves lungs of the organism RESPIRATION 1. It includes breathing and oxidation of food in the cells of the organism to release energy 2. It is a biochemical process 3. It involves the mitochondria in the cells where food is oxidized to release energy
The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs, and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.
Respiration Process which involves taking in oxygen into the cells, using it for releasing energy by burning food and then eliminating the waste products like carbon dioxide and water from the body It is a catabolic process as the food is broken down into simpler form. In short, respiration is a biochemical activity taking place with in the protoplasm of the cell and results in the liberation of energy
2. Breathing and Respiration BREATHING 1. Mechanism by which organisms obtain oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxide 2. It is a physical process 3. It involves lungs of the organism RESPIRATION 1. It includes breathing and oxidation of food in the cells of the organism to release energy 2. It is a biochemical process 3. It involves the mitochondria in the cells where food is oxidized to release energy
The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs, and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.
Internal medicine review for national license examination 2 Santi Silairatana
Internal Medicine review, with focus on pulmonary medicine and critical care medicine including pneumonia, asthma, COPD, tuberculosis, and sepsis & septic shock. Intended to be used for medical students.
lesson for grade 9 science
the topics includes: (a)respiratory system, (b) circulatory system, (c) other organs working together with the respiratory and circulatory system
it explains the structure of respiratory system, organs involved, volume of air exchanges and review questions to check students knowledge after the chapter is over
Process which involves taking in oxygen into the cells, using it for releasing energy by burning food and then eliminating the waste products like carbon dioxide and water from the bodyBREATHINGMechanism by which organisms obtain oxygen from the air and release carbon dioxideIt is a physical processIt involves lungs of the organism
It is a catabolic process as the food is broken down into simpler form. In short, respiration is a biochemical activity taking place with in the protoplasm of the cell and results in the liberation of energy
( The anaerobic respiration in human muscle tissue produces lactic acid as an end product during vigorous physical exercise)
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
5. Respiration
- a life process common to
both plants & animals.
is an exchange of Oxygen and Carbon
dioxide between the atmosphere and
the blood and the body’s cells.
6. 4 Respiration Processes
1. Breathing (ventilation)
– air in to and out of the lungs.
2. External respiration
– gas exchange between air and the blood.
3. Internal respiration
– gas exchange between blood and tissues.
4. Cellular respiration
– oxygen used to produce ATP, carbon dioxide
as waste.
7. Breathing vs. Respiration
Breathing = Inspiration + Expiration
– intake of air/inhale to bring fresh
supply of oxygen.
– breathing out of air/exhale to get rid of
CO2
Respiration – process of gas exchange
between various body compartments
9. Process of Breathing: Pressure Gradient
• Inspiration/Expiration: air in/air out
• Cycle:
Relaxed State – diaphragm and intercostal muscles
relaxed.
Inspiration – diaphragm contracts, pullling muscle
down, intercostal muscles contract elevating chest wall
and expanding volume of chest lowering pressure in
lungs, pulling in air
Expiration – muscles relax, diaphragm resumes dome
shape, intercostal muscles allow chest to lower resulting
in increase of pressure in chest and expulsion of air.
13. Gas Exchange & Transport: A Passive Process
Gases diffuse according to their partial pressures.
External Respiration – gases exchange between
air and blood
Internal respiration – gases exchanged with
tissue fluids
Oxygen transport – bound to hemoglobin in red
blood cells or dissolved in blood plasma
Carbon dioxide transport – dissolved in blood
plasma, bound to hemoglobin
17. Upper Respiratory Tract Functions
• Passage way for respiration
• Receptors for smell
• Filters incoming air to filter large foreign
material
• Moistens and warms incoming air
• Resonating chambers for voice
19. Lower Respiratory Tract Functions
Larynx – maintains an open airway, routes
food and air appropriately, assists in
sound production
Trachea – transports air to and from lungs
Bronchi – branch into lungs
Lungs – transport air to alveoli for gas
exchange
20. Respiratory Organs
1. Nose
- main entrance and exit to the respiratory
system.
- connected to winding passages that warm,
moistened and filter the air as it passes through
respiratory tract.
- nostrils lined with hairs that filter out dust
- mucous membrane that sticks or traps
particles
21. 2. Pharynx (FAIR-inks) / Throat
- passageway for both food and air
- assumes an important function in the
formation of sound particularly in the
creation of vowel sounds.
It is lined with cilia – hairlike parts that help
filter air on its way to the lungs.
Respiratory Organs
22.
23. 3. Larynx (LAIR-inks)/ Voicebox
- connects the pharynx with the trachea.
- its opening is at the base of the tongue.
- supported by nine pieces of cartilages; 3
are single and 3 are paired.
Thyroid cartilage – largest single piece
- Adam’s apple
Respiratory Organs
24. Epiglottis (ep-ih-GLOT-iss)
- a large, single leaf-shaped piece of cartilage.
- pulls down over the glottis when we swallow
to keep food or liquids from getting into the
trachea.
Glottis
- opening over the true vocal cords.
Respiratory Organs
26. Larynx is arranged in 2 pairs of folds:
1. Vestibular Folds/ False Vocal Cords
– upper pair, prevent air from exiting the
lungs as when you hold your breath.
2. Vocal folds/ True Vocal Cords
- air coming from lungs cause the vocal cords
to vibrate - sound
Respiratory Organs
27.
28. Pitch - controlled by tension on the true
vocal cords.
Tension = Pitch
True vocal cords are thicker in men; vibrate
more slowly = lower pitch than that in
women
Respiratory Organs
29. 4. Trachea (TRAY-kee-ah) / Windpipe
- cylindrical tube about 4.5 inch passageway for air
- like pharynx, it is lined with cilia
If foreign object gets caught in the trachea, a cough
reflex expels it.
Respiratory Organs
30.
31. 5. Bronchi (BRAHN-kigh)
- divided into 2 primary bronchi; left & right
- passageway going through the lungs
- branch into smaller branches called Bronchioles
Respiratory Organs
32. Lungs
Pleural membrane – encloses and protects each lung
- contains lubricating fluid to prevent friction as
lungs expand and contract during breathing.
Alveoli
Respiratory Organs
37. • Lung Volumes and Vital Capacity
Tidal volume – volume of air inhaled and exhaled
in a single breath
Dead space volume – air that remains in the
airways and does not participate in gas exchange.
Vital Capacity – the maximal volume that can be
exhaled after maximal inhalation
Inspiratory reserve volume – the amount of air
that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume
Measurement of Lung Function
38. • Lung Volumes and Vital Capacity
Expiratory reserve volume – the amount of air that
can be forcibly exhaled beyond the tidal volume
Residual volume – the amount of air remaining in
the lungs, even after a forceful maximal expiration
Measurement: spirometer
Measurement of Lung Function
40. • Respiratory center in the medulla oblongata
- establishes basic breathing pattern
• Chemical receptors
- monitor carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and
oxygen levels
• Medulla
- sensitive to hydrogen ions in cerebrospinal
fluid resulting from carbon dioxide in blood
Regulation of Breathing: Nervous System
Involvement
41. • Carotid and aortic bodies
- sensitive to carbon dioxide, pH, and oxygen
levels
• Conscious control
– resides in higher brain centers; ability to
modify breath is limited
Regulation of Breathing: Nervous System
Involvement
42. 1. Cough – is a mechanism for clearing
obstruction of the air.
2. Sneeze – described as an upper respiratory
cough. More and more air is inspired and the
air is expelled with and explosive force.
3. Hiccup – Spasmodic contraction of the
diaphragm, resulting from stimulation in the
diaphragm itself or in respiratory center of the
brain.
4. Yawn – aids respiratory by more completely
ventilating the lung.
Respiratory Phenomena
43. Disorders of Respiratory System
• Reduced air flow: Asthma, Emphysema,
Bronchitis
• Infections: pneumonia, tuberculosis,
botulism
• Lung Cancer
• Congestive Heart Failure
• Cystic fibrosis
44. • Asthma
– Respiratory pathways become irritated and
bronchioles constricted
• Emphysema
– Alveoli break down, resulting in reduced in
surface area needed for gas exchange with
alveoli’s blood capillaries
• Bronchitis
– Respiratory pathways become infected
resulting in coughing and production of mucus
Disorders of Respiratory System
45. • Tuberculosis
– a specific bacterium infects the lungs – less
elasticity of the capillaries surrounding alveoli
decreasing effective gas exchange bet. air &
blood
Disorders of Respiratory System
47. • Lung Cancer
– Uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissue –
persistent cough, shortness of breath,
bronchitis or pneumonia and even death.
Disorders of Respiratory System