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Nervous System
Here are the steps for the reaction time lab activity: 1. The stimulus is the dropping of the meter stick. 2. The response is catching the meter stick. 3. The variable being measured is reaction time, as determined by the distance the meter stick falls before being caught. 4. The right and left hand reaction times may differ due to handedness - most people tend to be faster with their dominant hand due to more practice with fine motor skills. 5. Record the data from each trial in a table and calculate the average distance for each hand to determine which hand has the faster overall reaction time. Let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!
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Nervous System
- 1. Nervous System Your brain,spinal cord, nerves, and you 03/01/15 1.5
- 2. Today’s Warmup • Scientistshave recently developed a new brain scan that shows the specific parts of a middle-school student’s brain… both male and female… • Be prepared to be amazed! • (Note: Neither brain shown actual size…)
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- 5. Today’s Objectives • 5Senses Thought Questions… • Nervous System – Structures – Functions • Central and Peripheral nervous system • Somatic and Autonomic nerves • Reflexes • Reaction Time Lab Activity • Nervous System BrainPop
- 6. 5 Senses ThoughtQuestions • Your senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch, and taste are directly connected to your nervous system, and all are important… • Which of these 5 would you be most willing to give up? Why • Which of these 5 would you be least willing to give up? Why • Rank them from 1 to 5 (with 1 most important to you)
- 7. Vocabulary to Know •Homeostasis – The regulation of steady, life-maintaining conditions inside an organism, despite changes in its environment… (keeping the body in balance) – Examples: body temperature, blood- sugar concentration, water/salt concentration
- 8. Vocabulary to Know •Stimulus – Any change (inside or outside the body) that brings about a response – Examples: bright light causes you to squint, a hot object causes you to pull back, dust causes you to sneeze
- 9. Major Structures ofthe Nervous System • Brain- the main control center • Spinal Cord- the main highway • Nerves (Neurons)- the signal carriers
- 10. Major Function ofthe Nervous System • Sensory Input- gathering information about the world around you via your senses • Integration- the interpretation and understanding of the signals sent from the senses; the brain “makes sense” of those signals • Motor Output- the brain sends a response out
- 11. Nervous System • Thenervous system can be divided into two main segments • Central Nervous System (CNS) • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- 13. Central Nervous System-The Brain • Coordinates body activities • Made up of approximately 100 billion neurons (nerve cells) • Divided into four major parts- –the cerebrum –the cerebellum –the brain stem –the thalamus and hypothalamus
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- 16. Who am I? Whatis the meaning of life? What’s for lunch? Cerebrum: The Brain Is responsible for voluntary or conscious activities such as intelligence, learning and judgment.
- 17. It looks like wehave a few more notes to take… Cerebellum: The Brain Controls balance and coordination
- 18. Thalamus and Hypothalamus Oww! Thatis hot!… Brain Stem Thalamus receives messages from all senses and sends them to the proper part of the cerebrum Hypothalamus controls recognition of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger and controls body temp.
- 19. Breathe in… Breathe out… BrainStem: The Brain •Connects the brain and spinal cord. •Controls important functions like blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and swallowing.
- 20. • The “maincable” • Extension of the brain stem • Bundles of neurons that carry impulses from all parts of the body to the brain and from the brain to all parts of your body Central Nervous System-The Spinal Cord
- 21. Research Visit the Glencoe Science Web siteat tx.science.glencoe.com for more information about the nervous system. Make a brochure outlining recent medical advances. The Peripheral Nervous System Your brain and spinal cord are connected to the rest of your body by the peripheral nervous system. The PNS is made up of 12 pairs of nerves from your brain called cranial nerves, and 31 pairs from your spinal cord called spinal nerves. Spinal nerves are made up of bundles of sensory and motor neurons bound together by connective tissue. For this reason, a single spinal nerve can have impulses going to and from the brain at the same time. Some nerves contain only sensory neurons, and some contain only motor neurons, but most nerves contain both types of neurons. Somatic and Autonomic Systems The peripheral nervous system has two major divisions. The somatic system controls voluntary actions. It is made up of the cranial and spinal nerves that go from the central nervous system to your skeletal muscles. The autonomic system controls involuntary actions- those not under conscious control- such as your heart rate, breathing, digestion, and glandular functions. These two divisions, along with the central nervous system, make up your body's nervous system. The Spinal Cord
- 22. Peripheral Nervous System •Connects body to brain & spinal cord – Bundles of nerves throughout the body – Sensory neurons receive information and send impulses to the brain or spinal cord – Motor neurons conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands throughout your body
- 23. Neurons A message carriedby a neuron is called an impulse. Draw me!
- 24. • Peripheral Nervous System containsall nerves that are not part of the Central Nervous System.
- 25. Peripheral Nervous System •Two divisions: –Somatic = Controls voluntary actions- like raising your arm/hand to answer a question –Autonomic = Controls involuntary actions-those not under conscious control-such as your heart rate, breathing, and digestion
- 26. Reflexes • Involuntary, automaticresponse to a stimulus • Involves a simple nerve pathway called a reflex arc- to the spinal cord and straight back • Very fast response!
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- 28. Reaction Time LabActivity Materials: Meter stick, partner Objective: To determine your reaction time with your right and left hand. Then determine which hand has the fastest reaction time. • Work with lab partner- Each person will do 3 trials with the left and 3 trials with the right hand • Person 1: Place your arm on the table with your hand hanging off the edge; fingers 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart
- 29. Reaction Time LabActivity • Person 2: The end of the meter stick should be at the top of the index finger. Say, “Ready,” and pause a few seconds. Drop meter stick without a warning or signal. • Catch the ruler and check the distance by reading the level at the bottom of the index finger. • Record your results in your journal.
- 30. Reaction Time LabActivity 1. Record your measurements. 2. Create a bar graph of your data (one color for each hand) 3. Find and record the average distance for each hand • Identify the stimulus, response, and variable in this activity 5. Explain why the right and left hand reaction time may be different Trial # Left Hand Right Hand 1 2 3
- 31. Reaction Time LabActivity