The respiratory system allows for gas exchange between the external environment and cells in the body. Air enters through the nose and mouth, and passes through the pharynx and larynx before entering the trachea and bronchi. The bronchi divide into smaller branches culminating in alveoli in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with blood by diffusion. The system works to supply cells with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide through external respiration in the lungs and internal respiration in tissues.
The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs, and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.
The respiratory system is the network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. It includes your airways, lungs, and blood vessels. The muscles that power your lungs are also part of the respiratory system. These parts work together to move oxygen throughout the body and clean out waste gases like carbon dioxide.
The content in the slide are solely depended upon the syllabus of Purbanchal University for third-semester students. This content of the respiratory system will be enough for B.Pharmacy students studying anatomy and physiology
The content in the slide are solely depended upon the syllabus of Purbanchal University for third-semester students. This content of the respiratory system will be enough for B.Pharmacy students studying anatomy and physiology
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2. Respiratory System: Oxygen Delivery System
The respiratory system is the set of organs that
allows a person to breathe and exchange oxygen
and carbon dioxide throughout the body.
The integrated system of organs involved in the
intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide between the body and the environment
and including the nasal passages, larynx,
trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs.
3. The respiratory system performs two
major tasks:
- Exchanging air between the body and
the outside
environment is known as external
respiration.
- Bringing oxygen to the cells and removing
carbon dioxide from them is referred to as
internal respiration.
4. 1. Supplies the body with oxygen and disposes of
carbon dioxide
2. Filters-inspired air
3. Produces sound
4. Contains receptors for smell
5. Rids the body of some excess water and heat
6. Helps regulate blood pH
5. 1. Breathing
The exchange of air between the atmosphere and the air
sacs of the lungs.
Breathing (pulmonary ventilation). consists of two cyclic
phases:
Inhalation also called inspiration – through w/c
oxygen (O2) passes into the cells lining the inside of
the lungs.
Exhalation also called expiration - forces gases out
of the lungs; through w/c carbon dioxide (CO2)
passes from the lung cells into the environment
6. The transfer of O2 and CO2 across
respiratory membranes.
It involves the diffusion of O2 from the
air sacs into the blood and the release of
CO2 from the blood.
Oxygen is carried into the cells and
carbon dioxide is delivered from the
cells to the lungs and out of the body.
7. Human Respiratory System – consists of various cavities and
passages that allow air to reach the lungs.
- The main function is to transport oxygen to the body cells and
to get rid of carbon dioxide.
8. Air from the outside environment enters the nose or mouth
during inspiration (inhalation).
Composed of the nose and nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses,
pharynx (throat), and larynx.
All part of the conducting portion of the respiratory system.
Nasal Cavity
Throat
(Pharynx)
Nostril
Mouth
Voice Box (Larynx)
9. Nostrils - Air enters the body through the openings of the nose.
Nasal Cavities -pair of passages inside the nostrils
Nasal Septum – bony partition that separates the nasal cavities
Cilia –the nasal cavities are lined with mucous membrane and
coarse hairlike projections
Nose and Nasal Cavities
Nasal concha Sphenoid sinus
Internal naris
Nasopharynx
External naris
Frontal sinus
Middle nasal concha
Inferior nasal
concha
- as you breathe through the nose, air entering the nasal cavity is moistened
and warmed by the blood flowing in the capillaries of the mucous membrane.
The mucous membrane – protects the lung from microorganisms and
other foreign materials.
10. Common space used by both the respiratory and digestive
systems.
Commonly called the throat.
Originates posterior to the nasal and oral cavities and extends
inferiorly near the level of the bifurcation of the larynx and
esophagus.
Common pathway for both air and food.
Walls are lined by mucosa and contain skeletal muscles that are
primarily used for swallowing.
Flexible lateral walls are distensible in order to force swallowed
food into the esophagus.
This is a passageway that is divided into two smaller passages.
11. Three Sections of the Pharynx
Nasopharynx
contains the pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) which aid in the
body’s immune defense.
Oropharynx
back portion of the mouth contains the palatine tonsils
which aid in the body’s immune defense.
Laryngopharynx
bottom section of the pharynx where the respiratory tract
divides into the esophagus and the larynx.
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
12. L
a
r
y
n
x
d
Larynx – more commonly known
as the voice box, located bet. the
pharynx and the trachea.
Prevents swallowed materials from
entering the lower respiratory tract.
Conducts air into the lower
respiratory tract.
Produces sounds.
Supported by a framework of nine
pieces of cartilage (three individual
pieces and three cartilage pairs)
that are held in place by ligaments
and muscles.
13. L
a
r
y
n
x
d
Vocal Chords – in the larynx, voice
is produced through the two elastic
ligaments
Glottis - the space between the
vocal cords
The length and tension of the vocal
cords determine the pitch of the
voice.
For instance, a sharp pitch is
produced by short and tense vocal
cords.
A low pitch is produced by long
and more relaxed vocal cords.
14. d
Epiglottis–a flap of elastic tissue
that forms a cover on top of the
larynx.
This structure ensures that
food and air enter the body
through different
pathways.
Upright at rest when air
passes through the larynx
Folds backward to cover
the entrance of the larynx
Stops food or liquid from
entering the lungs.
Adam’s Apple – part of this
framework is the thyroid cartilage.
15. A flexible tube also called a windpipe.
Main passageway of air to the lungs
Extends through the mediastinum and
lies anterior to the esophagus and
inferior to the larynx.
It is a tube about 2.5 cm wide that
extends from the lower portion of the
larynx to the upper part of the chest just
above the heart.
The trachea is supported by C-shaped
rings of cartilage that prevent it from
collapsing during inhalation.
Trachea
Bronchi
Larynx
16. The trachea divides into two main stems or bronchi, which lead to
the lungs.
The right bronchus – is larger in diameter than the left.
The bronchi – are also supported by rings of cartilage.
Hilus or Hilum – bronchus enters the lung at a depression
Air that reaches the bronchi is clean, warm, and moist.
17. Each lung has a conical shape. Its wide, concave base rests
upon the muscular diaphragm.
Its superior region called the apex projects superiorly to a
point that is slightly superior and posterior to the clavicle.
Both lungs are bordered by the thoracic wall anteriorly,
laterally, and posteriorly, and supported by the rib cage.
Toward the midline, the lungs are separated from each
other by the mediastinum.
The relatively broad, rounded surface in contact with the
thoracic wall is called the costal surface of the lung.
18. Primary organs of respiration.
Diffusion of gases takes place in the lungs
through extremely thin and delicate tissues.
The lungs are located side by side in the thoracic
(chest) cavity, which is separated from the
abdominal cavity by the muscular partition called
a diaphragm.
19. Pleura – thin tissue layer covering the lungs.
Keeps each lung moist and enables it to
move, with very little friction, in the
chest cavity during breathing.
20. Left lung
– divided into 2 lobes by oblique fissure
– smaller than the right lung
– cardiac notch accommodates the heart
Right lung
– divided into 3 lobes by oblique and horizontal fissure
– located more superiorly in the body due to liver on right
side
Lungs
21.
22. •Inside the lungs, each
bronchus branches
into bronchioles,
which turn branch
repeatedly into
smaller tubes leading
to the alveoli.
•Bronchioles – are the
smallest conducting
tubes inside the lungs.
23. •The smallest branches of
bronchioles lead to a
cluster of microscopic,
balloon-lie air sacs – the
alveoli
•The thin and moist wall
of each alveolus provide
easy passage of gases.