The document discusses how to report statements, questions, and requests that were spoken by someone else. It explains that when reporting speech, verb tenses must change to the past tense. Time, place, and pronouns may also need to change. Yes/no questions are reported using "if/whether" and wh- questions use the wh- word. Requests can be reported using "told to" for positive requests and "told not to" for negative requests.

1. REPORTED SPEECH

2. Reported statements
Luis said: “We are leaving tomorrow”
Luis said they were leaving the following day.

3. Reported statements
Luis said: “We are leaving tomorrow”
Luis said they were leaving the following day.

4. Changes
Verb tenses: (a step to the past)
Time and Place
Pronouns and possessives.

5. Verb tenses
John said:
 “I am ill.”
 “I am reading.”
 “I often send e-mails.”
 “I saw Peter last night.”
 “I was reading.”
 “I have just seen Peter.”
 “I had never seen
Peter.”
 “I will phone you.”
 “I am going to sleep.”
 John said that...
…he was ill.
…he was reading.
…he often sent e-mails.
…he had seen Peter….
…he had been reading.
…he had just seen Peter.
…he had never seen Peter.
…he would phone me.
…he was going to sleep.

6. Verb tenses
 am/is/are
 Present continuous
 Present simple
 Past simple
 Past continuous
 Present perfect
 Past perfect
 will
 am/is/are going to
 was/were
 Past continuous
 Past simple
 Past perfect
 Past perfect contin.
 Past perfect
 Past perfect
 would
 was/were going to

7. Verb tenses (modals)
John said:
 “I can ski.”
 “I must /have to go.”
 “I may go”
 John said that...
…he could ski.
…he had to go.
…he might go.
Other modal verbs (could,
might, should, ought to) do
not change

8. Time and place
 Now.
 Today
 Tonight
 Tomorrow
 Next week
 Yesterday
 Last week
 Two weeks ago
 Then
 That day
 That night
 The following/the next day
 The following/the next week
 The day before/the previous day
 The week before/the previous week
 Two weeks before

9. Time and place
 Here
 This
 These
 Come
 bring
 There
 That
 Those
 Go
 take

10. Pronouns and possessives
(In a logical way)
“I love you.” he told her.
He told her (that) ___loved___.
He told her (that) he loved her.
“I need your advice”, Ann told her
parents.
Ann told her parents that ___ needed
___ advice.
Ann told her parents that she needed
their advice.

11. Say or Tell
Sally said (that) she loved him.
Sally said to me (that) she loved him.
Sally told me (that) she loved him.

12. Say or Tell?
 The teacher _____(that) the students were tired.
The teacher said (that) the students were tired.
 Joan ____me (that) it was the funniest show she
had ever seen.
Joan told me (that) it was the funniest show she had
ever seen.
 Mary ______ to us (that) she would call us that
afternoon.
Mary said to us (that) she would call us that afternoon.

13. Reported questions

14. Yes / No Questions
 “Are you working these days?” he said.
He asked if/whether I was working those
days. subj. + verb
 “Did you speak to John last night?” she asked
She wanted to know whether/if I had spoken
to John the night before. Subj. + verb

15. Wh- Questions
“Where did you go last summer?”.
 He asked me where I had been the previous
summer. subj. + verb
“How long were you waiting for us?”
 She wanted to know how long I had been
waiting for them. subj. + verb


16. A) YES / NO QUESTIONS:
He asked/wanted to know/wondered whether / if we…..
B) WH- QUESTIONS:
He asked/wanted to know/wondered why we…

17. Questions
-Reporting verbs:
ask, want to know, wonder,…
-Order of Reported Question:
Subject + Verb – (as in Statements)

18. Requests

19. Requests
The teacher told us: “Read the text!”
The teacher told us to read the text.
I.O.+ to +INF
She told us: “Don’t arrive late!”
She told us not to arrive late.
I.O.+not to + INF

20. Some reporting verbs
General
Say
Tell
Ask
Wanted to know

21. Some reporting verbs
…that…
Complain that…
Explain (to me) that…
Insisted that…

22. Some reporting verbs
to/not to
ask me to….
remind* me to…
promise* me to…
advise* me to…
order me to…
warn* me to…

23. Some reporting verbs
General …that… to/not to
Say complain ask
Tell explain remind*
Ask insisted promise*
advise*
order
warn*