It's a powerpoint I've prepared for my students of year 11 to revise the Reported Speech

1. REPORTEDREPORTED
SPEECHSPEECH

2. StatementsStatements
We can use direct speech or reported speechWe can use direct speech or reported speech
when we talk or write about things people said inwhen we talk or write about things people said in
the past.the past.
When reporting statements, we usually use theWhen reporting statements, we usually use the
verbsverbs saysay oror telltell and the conjunctionand the conjunction thatthat, and we, and we
make some changes in the sentence.make some changes in the sentence.
The reporting verb is usually in the past tenseThe reporting verb is usually in the past tense
((saidsaid oror toldtold) so the reported clause goes one) so the reported clause goes one
step back into the past from the original.step back into the past from the original.

3. formform
Direct SpeechDirect Speech Reported SpeechReported Speech
** Present Simple Past SimplePresent Simple Past Simple
““He studies Spanish … he studied SpanishHe studies Spanish … he studied Spanish
** Present Continuous Past ContinuousPresent Continuous Past Continuous
““He is studying Spanish.” … he was studyingHe is studying Spanish.” … he was studying
SpanishSpanish
** Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect SimplePresent Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple
““He has studied Spanish.” … he had studiedHe has studied Spanish.” … he had studied
Spanish.Spanish.

4. Pres Perf Continuous Past Perf ContinuousPres Perf Continuous Past Perf Continuous
““He’s been studying Spanish” … he had beenHe’s been studying Spanish” … he had been
studying Spanish.studying Spanish.
Past Simple Past Perfect SimplePast Simple Past Perfect Simple
““He studied Spanish” … he had studiedHe studied Spanish” … he had studied
Spanish.Spanish.
Past Continuous Past Perfect ContinuousPast Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
““He was studying Spanish” … he had been studyingHe was studying Spanish” … he had been studying
Spanish.Spanish.

5. * Future Simple Conditional* Future Simple Conditional
““He will study Spanish” … he would studySpanish.He will study Spanish” … he would studySpanish.
** Can CouldCan Could
““He can study Spanish.” … he could study Spanish.He can study Spanish.” … he could study Spanish.
** May MightMay Might
““He may study Spanish.” … he might study Spanish.He may study Spanish.” … he might study Spanish.
** Must / Have to Must / HadMust / Have to Must / Had toto
““He must / has to study … he must / had to studyHe must / has to study … he must / had to study

6. We often have to change other wordsWe often have to change other words
apart from the verb formapart from the verb form
PronounsPronouns
Time and placeTime and place
DemonstrativesDemonstratives

7. pronounspronouns
II →→ he/shehe/she
YouYou →→ I / me / they / themI / me / they / them
WeWe →→ theythey
UsUs →→ themthem
MyMy →→ his / herhis / her
YourYour →→ my / theirmy / their

8. time and placetime and place
HereHere →→ therethere
NowNow →→ then / at the momentthen / at the moment
TomorrowTomorrow →→ the next daythe next day
TonightTonight →→ that nightthat night
Next weekNext week →→ the following weekthe following week
YesterdayYesterday →→ the day beforethe day before
Last weekLast week →→ the week beforethe week before
AgoAgo →→ beforebefore

9. demonstrativesdemonstratives
This that→This that→
These those→These those→

10. We only make tense changes when theWe only make tense changes when the
reporting verb (say, etc) is in the past.reporting verb (say, etc) is in the past.
TomTom sayssays hehe is goingis going to study History.to study History.
*Tom*Tom says he was goingsays he was going to studyto study
History.History.

11. We don’t change thaWe don’t change tha past perfectpast perfect
simplesimple and theand the past perfect continuous.past perfect continuous.
““II had readhad read the book before.”the book before.”
He said heHe said he had readhad read the book before.the book before.

12. We also don’t changeWe also don’t change wouldwould,, shouldshould,,
couldcould andand mightmight..
““II mightmight take up painting.”take up painting.”
She said sheShe said she mightmight take up painting.take up painting.

13. If the speaker wants to transmit some kind ofIf the speaker wants to transmit some kind of
tone or intention, we can use many othertone or intention, we can use many other
reporting verbs:reporting verbs: admit, agree, announce,admit, agree, announce,
apologise, complain, convince explain, hear,apologise, complain, convince explain, hear,
insist, remind, replyinsist, remind, reply……

14. questionsquestions
We can report questions with verbs likeWe can report questions with verbs like askask,,
wonderwonder andand want to knowwant to know..
““Where do you live” he asked.Where do you live” he asked.
HeHe askedasked me where I lived.me where I lived.
““Do you live in Dublin?” he askedDo you live in Dublin?” he asked
HeHe wanted to knowwanted to know if I lived in Dublin.if I lived in Dublin.

15. The word order in a reported question is likeThe word order in a reported question is like
a normal statement, with thea normal statement, with the subject beforesubject before
the verbthe verb..
““WhereWhere is the bus stationis the bus station?” she asked?” she asked
She askedShe asked wherewhere the bus station wasthe bus station was..
““WhatWhat are you doingare you doing?” he asked?” he asked
He wanted to know whatHe wanted to know what I was doingI was doing..

16. In reported speechIn reported speech yes/no questionsyes/no questions we usewe use
ifif oror whetherwhether and normaland normal statement wordstatement word
orderorder..
““Did you speak to Marina?” he askedDid you speak to Marina?” he asked
He wanted to knowHe wanted to know whether I had spokenwhether I had spoken toto
MarinaMarina..
““Are you a police officer?” she askedAre you a police officer?” she asked
She asked meShe asked me if I wasif I was a police officer.a police officer.

17. commands and requestscommands and requests
CommandsCommands are reported withare reported with telltell andand thethe
infinitiveinfinitive..
He said “Stay here.”He said “Stay here.”
He told us to stay there.He told us to stay there.
RequestsRequests are reported withare reported with askask andand thethe
infinitiveinfinitive..
““JohnJohn don’t open the window, please.” I saiddon’t open the window, please.” I said
I asked John not to open the windowI asked John not to open the window