The document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech uses quotation marks and reports someone's exact words, while indirect speech uses a reporting verb and changes verbs and pronouns. It provides examples of how to change verb tenses, pronouns, and other elements like time expressions when changing direct to indirect speech. The document also covers how to report questions, orders, advice and suggestions in indirect speech.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Reported speech
1. When someone reports what he or another person said before, he can use both:
He uses the same words than those
pronounced in the moment of speaking:
Direct
Speech He asked: “Where are you going?”
The teacher told me: “Open the window!”
He uses a reporting verb and makes the
necessary changes on the sentence:
Indirect
Speech
He asked where he was going.
The teacher told me to open the window.
2. Reporting verbs are verbs like:
say tell ask wonder add explain
want to know refuse deny shout cry
When we report a sentence, we need to make the necessary
changes in:
a) Verb tenses.
b) Pronouns.
c) Time expressions.
3. a) Changes in verb tenses.
As the verb in the reporting sentence is usually in the past tense, we need to
change the verb of the sentence it was previously said following these rules:
Simple present Simple past
He said that
Tom is at home. Tom was at home.
Present continuous Past continuous
He said that
We are dancing. they were dancing.
4. Simple past Past perfect
He said that
She drove home. she had driven home.
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
He said that
You were sleeping. he had been sleeping.
Present perfect Past perfect
He said that
He has just arrived home. he had just arrived home.
Past perfect Past perfect
He said that
She had had lunch at two. she had had lunch at two.
5. Simple Future Conditional
He said that
I will live in Paris. he would live home.
Conditional Conditional
He said that
We would visit you if... he would visit him if...
Can Could
He said that
You can play the guitar. she could play the guitar.
Must Had to
He said that
I must go out.. he had to go out.
6. b) Changes in pronouns.
I he / she my / me his – her / him - her
You he / she your / you his – her / him - her
He he his / him his / him
She she her her
It it its / it its / it
We they our / us their / them
They they their / them their / them
7. c) Other changes.
this that yesterday the day before
now then tomorrow the following day
here there next the following
there there last the previous
REMARK!!!
When the reporting verb is in present,
no tense change is needed.
8. REPORTED
QUESTIONS.
Reported questions do not have the same word order as direct questions have:
- 'Do' / 'Does' / 'Did' are not used. - They are introduced by the
interrogative pronoun.
- The subject precedes the verb.
- If there is no interrogative
- Question marks are not used. pronoun, they are introduced by
'if' or 'whether'.
Where are you? He wanted to know where he was.
Does he like cheese? He asked if he liked cheese.
9. REPORTED ORDERS,
ADVICE OR SUGGESTIONS.
Orders, advice and suggestions are often reported using the infinitive.
Be careful! I told Mark to be careful.
Don't play on the floor! He asked her not to play on the floor.
You should stay in bed. Mum adviced him to stay in bed.
Let's go to the cinema! He suggested to go to the cinema.