The document discusses reported (indirect) speech and the changes that are made when reporting what someone said. It provides examples of direct quotes and how they are changed in reported speech by altering verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions, and question/command structures. The key changes that occur in reported speech include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns, and adjusting time/place adverbials. Various reporting verbs are also discussed that can be used to introduce reported statements, questions, suggestions, promises and threats.
- Reported speech is used to report what someone else has said without using their exact words. It involves changing verb tenses, time/place expressions, and pronouns.
- Verb tenses in reported speech are shifted back one tense compared to the original direct speech. For example, "I am playing tennis" becomes "She said that she was playing tennis."
- Time, place and pronoun changes are also required. "Now" becomes "then", "here" becomes "there", and pronouns like "I" change to refer to the original speaker.
- Reporting verbs like "say", "tell", "ask" are used to introduce the reported clause, which can
The document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. When reporting what someone said, you retell it in your own words rather than verbatim. This involves changing verb tenses and pronouns to reflect when the statement was made rather than when it is being reported. Common changes include changing the present tense to past tense, changing pronouns like "I" and "you" to "she" and "her", and adjusting time and place adverbials. Reporting questions and commands also involves changing them to indirect statements and clauses.
This document discusses reported speech, which is used to report what someone else said without using their exact words. It describes the typical changes made in reported speech, such as changing verb tenses, pronouns, and time/place expressions. For example, the direct quote "We are going to the cinema this afternoon" would become "Tom said that they were going to the cinema that afternoon." The document provides examples of these changes for various verb tenses and also discusses reporting questions, commands, and statements.
Reported speech is used to tell what someone said, but not using their exact words. Verb tenses and time/place adverbs change in reported speech according to specific rules. For example, present simple becomes past tense, now becomes then, and tomorrow becomes the following day. Reported questions use a statement structure with if/whether for yes/no questions and wh- words for wh- questions.
This document provides information about reported speech in English. It begins by explaining that reported speech is used to tell what someone said, but the exact words are not repeated. It then gives an example of direct speech versus reported speech. The document outlines the main changes that are made in reported speech, including changing verb tenses, time/place expressions, and pronouns. It provides tables showing how tenses are typically changed. Additional reporting structures are mentioned for statements, questions, offers/requests. The document also briefly introduces the subjunctive mood in English.
The document discusses reported speech and the changes that are made when reporting what someone said. It notes that verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions, and modal verbs may need to change. It provides examples of reporting statements, questions, commands, suggestions, and promises or threats using various reporting verbs like said, asked, ordered, suggested, promised. Reported speech follows set rules to transform direct quotes into indirect reported statements, questions, etc. while maintaining the original meaning.
The document discusses reported (indirect) speech and the changes that are made when reporting what someone said. It provides examples of direct quotes and how they are changed in reported speech by altering verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions, and question/command structures. The key changes that occur in reported speech include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns, and adjusting time/place adverbials. Various reporting verbs are also discussed that can be used to introduce reported statements, questions, suggestions, promises and threats.
- Reported speech is used to report what someone else has said without using their exact words. It involves changing verb tenses, time/place expressions, and pronouns.
- Verb tenses in reported speech are shifted back one tense compared to the original direct speech. For example, "I am playing tennis" becomes "She said that she was playing tennis."
- Time, place and pronoun changes are also required. "Now" becomes "then", "here" becomes "there", and pronouns like "I" change to refer to the original speaker.
- Reporting verbs like "say", "tell", "ask" are used to introduce the reported clause, which can
The document discusses the differences between direct and reported speech. When reporting what someone said, you retell it in your own words rather than verbatim. This involves changing verb tenses and pronouns to reflect when the statement was made rather than when it is being reported. Common changes include changing the present tense to past tense, changing pronouns like "I" and "you" to "she" and "her", and adjusting time and place adverbials. Reporting questions and commands also involves changing them to indirect statements and clauses.
This document discusses reported speech, which is used to report what someone else said without using their exact words. It describes the typical changes made in reported speech, such as changing verb tenses, pronouns, and time/place expressions. For example, the direct quote "We are going to the cinema this afternoon" would become "Tom said that they were going to the cinema that afternoon." The document provides examples of these changes for various verb tenses and also discusses reporting questions, commands, and statements.
Reported speech is used to tell what someone said, but not using their exact words. Verb tenses and time/place adverbs change in reported speech according to specific rules. For example, present simple becomes past tense, now becomes then, and tomorrow becomes the following day. Reported questions use a statement structure with if/whether for yes/no questions and wh- words for wh- questions.
This document provides information about reported speech in English. It begins by explaining that reported speech is used to tell what someone said, but the exact words are not repeated. It then gives an example of direct speech versus reported speech. The document outlines the main changes that are made in reported speech, including changing verb tenses, time/place expressions, and pronouns. It provides tables showing how tenses are typically changed. Additional reporting structures are mentioned for statements, questions, offers/requests. The document also briefly introduces the subjunctive mood in English.
The document discusses reported speech and the changes that are made when reporting what someone said. It notes that verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions, and modal verbs may need to change. It provides examples of reporting statements, questions, commands, suggestions, and promises or threats using various reporting verbs like said, asked, ordered, suggested, promised. Reported speech follows set rules to transform direct quotes into indirect reported statements, questions, etc. while maintaining the original meaning.
This document provides an overview of reported speech, also known as indirect speech. It explains that reported speech is used to tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. Examples are given of changing direct quotes into indirect reported statements and questions by modifying pronouns, verbs, and time/place expressions. Common reporting verbs like say, tell, ask are discussed. The document concludes with exercises to practice changing direct speech into reported speech.
This document provides information about reported speech, including:
1. Reported speech is used to tell what someone said but does not repeat their exact words. It involves changing verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions from direct to indirect speech.
2. Key changes include moving verb tenses back one tense, changing pronouns and adjectives, and adjusting time/place adverbs.
3. Punctuation is removed from reported statements and questions. Introductory verbs like "say" and "tell" are followed by "that" to introduce the indirect quote.
There are two main ways to report what someone says: direct speech and indirect or reported speech. Reported speech involves changing direct quotes into an indirect version by removing quotation marks, changing verb tenses and pronouns, and modifying words like adverbs of time and place. The document provides examples of how direct quotes are changed when converting to reported speech, including changes to verb tenses, pronouns, questions, statements and other grammatical aspects.
The document provides an overview of reported or indirect speech. It defines reported speech and outlines the main rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, including tense changes, pronoun changes, and changes to time and place expressions. It also discusses reporting verbs, indirect questions, commands, requests, suggestions and offers in indirect speech, as well as exclamations. The document concludes with examples of changing direct speech to indirect speech and mixed types involving both statements and questions.
Here are the reported versions:
The Jones family said that they had had a wonderful time on their holiday. They said the weather had been beautiful and they had visited many interesting places. The children said they were sad to be back home.
The tourists asked the tour guide when the next tour would start. They also wanted to know how long the tour would last and what places they would visit. One of them asked if they could take photographs inside the museum.
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Common changes include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns like "I" and "me" to reflect the person who originally spoke, and adjusting time and place references. Reporting speech involves systematically changing verb tenses, pronouns, and other elements of the original statement while retaining the overall meaning.
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Verb tenses are moved back, or "backshifted", following specific rules. For example, the present simple becomes the past simple in reported speech. Pronouns, time and place expressions are also typically changed to be consistent with the fact that the original speech occurred in the past.
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Verb tenses are moved back, or "backshifted", following specific rules. For example, the present simple becomes the past simple. Pronouns and expressions of time and place are also typically changed in reported speech.
1. The document describes the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It explains how to change verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions, and question forms.
2. Key changes include changing present tenses to past, changing pronouns like "I" to "he/she", and changing words like "here" and "now" to "there" and "then". Question word order is maintained but question marks are only used with introductory phrases.
3. Reporting verbs are categorized based on whether they are followed by clauses with "if/whether", "that", or "to-infinitives". Common reporting verbs and their structures are listed for different
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It covers changing verb tenses and time/place expressions appropriately. It also addresses how to report questions, requests, orders, statements, and suggestions indirectly using various reporting verbs like said, asked, ordered etc. while maintaining the meaning.
The document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and usually involves changing the tense and pronouns when reporting what someone said. Some key changes when going from direct to indirect speech include changing the tense, time, and place references. Questions, orders, requests, suggestions, and reported speech about intentions are also discussed.
Reported speech is used to tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. When changing direct quotes to reported speech, verb tenses, time/place expressions, and pronouns may need to be changed. Common changes include changing the present tense to the past tense, changing adverbs of time and place, and substituting pronouns. Reporting verbs like "say" are used to introduce the reported portion of the speech.
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It explains that the tense usually backshifts when changing to indirect speech, except when the statement refers to something still true. It also covers changing other elements like pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and question forms. Verbs commonly used to report speech and the structures they take are categorized.
The document discusses reported or indirect speech, which is used to report what other people have said, thought, or believed. It explains that pronouns, verb tenses, time words, and question words may need to change when converting direct quotes into reported speech. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes between direct and reported speech.
This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words said, while reported speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word-for-word. When changing direct speech to reported speech, pronouns, time/place words, and verb tenses typically change. Questions are changed to a subject-verb word order and do not use auxiliary verbs like "do" or "did". Commands and requests are reported using "told" or "asked" followed by "to" plus the verb.
The document provides guidelines for changing direct speech (using exact words) to indirect speech (reporting the general idea without using the exact words) in English. It discusses how to change pronouns, expressions of time and place, verbs, tenses, questions, statements, requests and orders, and expressions of intentions like apologies, thanks, suggestions and admissions. For indirect speech, pronouns and verbs change to reflect the speaker, time expressions are modified, and question forms become statements. Requests and orders are followed by an infinitive verb rather than a gerund in indirect speech.
This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech repeats the exact words spoken using quotation marks, while reported speech reports the general idea without quotations by making necessary tense and pronoun changes. It provides examples of direct and reported speech and discusses how to report statements, questions, orders, requests, suggestions, intentions and promises. Time, place and pronoun references need to be changed in reported speech.
This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech repeats the exact words spoken using quotation marks, while reported speech reports the general idea without quotations by making necessary tense and pronoun changes. It provides examples of direct and reported speech and explains how to report statements, questions, orders, requests, suggestions, intentions and promises. Time, place and pronoun references need to be changed in reported speech.
The document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech reports what someone said verbatim, while indirect speech reports the essence of what was said with minor changes like changing pronouns and tenses. The key changes that occur when converting direct to indirect speech are: changing verbs to one tense back, changing pronouns, and changing words referring to time and place. Examples are provided for how to report different types of sentences like declarative statements, questions, exclamations, and imperatives.
1. The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech and provides rules for converting direct speech into indirect speech.
2. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report what someone said verbatim, while indirect speech reports the essence of what someone said without quotation marks.
3. The rules for conversion include changing pronouns, verb tenses, adverbs of time and place, and question forms. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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This document provides an overview of reported speech, also known as indirect speech. It explains that reported speech is used to tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. Examples are given of changing direct quotes into indirect reported statements and questions by modifying pronouns, verbs, and time/place expressions. Common reporting verbs like say, tell, ask are discussed. The document concludes with exercises to practice changing direct speech into reported speech.
This document provides information about reported speech, including:
1. Reported speech is used to tell what someone said but does not repeat their exact words. It involves changing verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions from direct to indirect speech.
2. Key changes include moving verb tenses back one tense, changing pronouns and adjectives, and adjusting time/place adverbs.
3. Punctuation is removed from reported statements and questions. Introductory verbs like "say" and "tell" are followed by "that" to introduce the indirect quote.
There are two main ways to report what someone says: direct speech and indirect or reported speech. Reported speech involves changing direct quotes into an indirect version by removing quotation marks, changing verb tenses and pronouns, and modifying words like adverbs of time and place. The document provides examples of how direct quotes are changed when converting to reported speech, including changes to verb tenses, pronouns, questions, statements and other grammatical aspects.
The document provides an overview of reported or indirect speech. It defines reported speech and outlines the main rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech, including tense changes, pronoun changes, and changes to time and place expressions. It also discusses reporting verbs, indirect questions, commands, requests, suggestions and offers in indirect speech, as well as exclamations. The document concludes with examples of changing direct speech to indirect speech and mixed types involving both statements and questions.
Here are the reported versions:
The Jones family said that they had had a wonderful time on their holiday. They said the weather had been beautiful and they had visited many interesting places. The children said they were sad to be back home.
The tourists asked the tour guide when the next tour would start. They also wanted to know how long the tour would last and what places they would visit. One of them asked if they could take photographs inside the museum.
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Common changes include changing present tenses to past tenses, changing pronouns like "I" and "me" to reflect the person who originally spoke, and adjusting time and place references. Reporting speech involves systematically changing verb tenses, pronouns, and other elements of the original statement while retaining the overall meaning.
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Verb tenses are moved back, or "backshifted", following specific rules. For example, the present simple becomes the past simple in reported speech. Pronouns, time and place expressions are also typically changed to be consistent with the fact that the original speech occurred in the past.
When reporting speech, verb tenses are usually changed to be in the past. This is because reported speech refers to something that was said in the past. Verb tenses are moved back, or "backshifted", following specific rules. For example, the present simple becomes the past simple. Pronouns and expressions of time and place are also typically changed in reported speech.
1. The document describes the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It explains how to change verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions, and question forms.
2. Key changes include changing present tenses to past, changing pronouns like "I" to "he/she", and changing words like "here" and "now" to "there" and "then". Question word order is maintained but question marks are only used with introductory phrases.
3. Reporting verbs are categorized based on whether they are followed by clauses with "if/whether", "that", or "to-infinitives". Common reporting verbs and their structures are listed for different
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It covers changing verb tenses and time/place expressions appropriately. It also addresses how to report questions, requests, orders, statements, and suggestions indirectly using various reporting verbs like said, asked, ordered etc. while maintaining the meaning.
The document discusses direct and indirect speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words spoken. Indirect speech does not use quotation marks and usually involves changing the tense and pronouns when reporting what someone said. Some key changes when going from direct to indirect speech include changing the tense, time, and place references. Questions, orders, requests, suggestions, and reported speech about intentions are also discussed.
Reported speech is used to tell someone what another person said without using their exact words. When changing direct quotes to reported speech, verb tenses, time/place expressions, and pronouns may need to be changed. Common changes include changing the present tense to the past tense, changing adverbs of time and place, and substituting pronouns. Reporting verbs like "say" are used to introduce the reported portion of the speech.
The document discusses the rules for changing direct speech into indirect speech in English. It explains that the tense usually backshifts when changing to indirect speech, except when the statement refers to something still true. It also covers changing other elements like pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and question forms. Verbs commonly used to report speech and the structures they take are categorized.
The document discusses reported or indirect speech, which is used to report what other people have said, thought, or believed. It explains that pronouns, verb tenses, time words, and question words may need to change when converting direct quotes into reported speech. Examples are provided to illustrate these changes between direct and reported speech.
This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report the exact words said, while reported speech does not use quotation marks and does not have to be word-for-word. When changing direct speech to reported speech, pronouns, time/place words, and verb tenses typically change. Questions are changed to a subject-verb word order and do not use auxiliary verbs like "do" or "did". Commands and requests are reported using "told" or "asked" followed by "to" plus the verb.
The document provides guidelines for changing direct speech (using exact words) to indirect speech (reporting the general idea without using the exact words) in English. It discusses how to change pronouns, expressions of time and place, verbs, tenses, questions, statements, requests and orders, and expressions of intentions like apologies, thanks, suggestions and admissions. For indirect speech, pronouns and verbs change to reflect the speaker, time expressions are modified, and question forms become statements. Requests and orders are followed by an infinitive verb rather than a gerund in indirect speech.
This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech repeats the exact words spoken using quotation marks, while reported speech reports the general idea without quotations by making necessary tense and pronoun changes. It provides examples of direct and reported speech and discusses how to report statements, questions, orders, requests, suggestions, intentions and promises. Time, place and pronoun references need to be changed in reported speech.
This document discusses direct and reported speech. Direct speech repeats the exact words spoken using quotation marks, while reported speech reports the general idea without quotations by making necessary tense and pronoun changes. It provides examples of direct and reported speech and explains how to report statements, questions, orders, requests, suggestions, intentions and promises. Time, place and pronoun references need to be changed in reported speech.
The document discusses direct and indirect speech. It explains that direct speech reports what someone said verbatim, while indirect speech reports the essence of what was said with minor changes like changing pronouns and tenses. The key changes that occur when converting direct to indirect speech are: changing verbs to one tense back, changing pronouns, and changing words referring to time and place. Examples are provided for how to report different types of sentences like declarative statements, questions, exclamations, and imperatives.
1. The document discusses the differences between direct and indirect speech and provides rules for converting direct speech into indirect speech.
2. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report what someone said verbatim, while indirect speech reports the essence of what someone said without quotation marks.
3. The rules for conversion include changing pronouns, verb tenses, adverbs of time and place, and question forms. Exceptions to typical tense changes are also outlined.
Similar to reported speech9._r._ANJ_P5_6A_15._5..pptx (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
2. When do we use it?
REPORTED SPEECH is used to tell what someone
said. Yet, we do not repeat all the words exactly.
REAL WORDS (direct speech):
Tom said: “We are going to the cinema this afternoon.”
REPORTED SPEECH:
Tom said that they were going to the cinema that afternoon.
3. Changes
Types of changes:
1. Verb Tenses
2. Time and place adverbial expressions
3. Logical change of pronouns
EXAMPLE
DIRECT: Mary said: “They are seeing me tomorrow”
REPORTED: Mary said that they were seeing her the
following day
4. Verb Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH
PRESENT
We study
We are studying
PAST
We studied
We were studying
FUTURE
We will study
REPORTED SPEECH
• PAST
• She said that they studied
• She said that they were studying
• PAST PERFECT
• She said that they had studied
• She said that they had been studying
• CONDITIONAL
• She said that they would study
5. List of Verb Changes
TENSE DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE I play tennis with my friends
She said that she played tennis with her
friends
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS
I am playing tennis with my
friends
She said that she was playing tennis with her
friends
PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE
I have played tennis with my
friends
She said that she had played tennis with her
friends
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
I have been playing tennis with
my friends
She said that she had been playing tennis
with her friends
PAST SIMPLE I played tennis with my friends
She said that she had played tennis with her
friends
PAST CONTINUOUS
I were playing tennis with my
friends
She said that she had been playing tennis
with her friends
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
I had played tennis with my
friends
She said that she had played tennis with her
friends
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
I had been playing tennis with
my friends
She said that she had been playing tennis
with her friends
FUTURE SIMPLE I will play tennis with my friends
She said that they would play tennis with her
friends
6. Changes in Modals
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTEDSPEECH
CAN COULD
MAY MIGHT
MUST / HAVE TO MUST / HAD TO
WILL WOULD
7. Time and Place Adverb Change
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Now Then
Today That day
Tonight That night
Yesterday The previous day / the day before
Last week The previous week / the week before
A __________ ago The previous ______ / the _____ before
Tomorrow The following day / the day after / the next day
Next ___________ The following ________ / the _______ after
Here There
This
These
That
Those
8. Reported statements
Pay attention to the changes mentioned before.
'That‘ can be omited with “TELL & SAY”:
She told him that he was a fool.
She told him he was a fool.
She said that I was right
She said I was right
Remember not to use inverted commas.
Observe that when you use TELL, you must mention
“the person you’re speaking to”
John said: “Ann, I’m very happy.”
John told Ann that he was very happy.
9. Reported questions
Same changes as for statements.
In “REPORTED QUESTIONS” we do not have a question
structure, now we have a “statement”
Suject + verb + complements
Paul asked: “Are you coming to the party tonight, Jane?”
Paul asked Jane if she was coming to the party that night.
Types of questions:
1. YES/NO QUESTIONS: IF / WHETHER + SUJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS
Paul asked : "Do you play volleyball?"
Paul asked me whether (or if) I played volleyball.
2. WH- QUESTION : WH- + SUJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS
John asked: "When do you play badminton?"
John asked me when I played badminton.
10. Reported commands
Same basic changes as statements
Basic introductory verb: TELL
The IMPERATIVE verbal form turns into
TO + “INFINITIVE” (Affirmative)
NOT + TO + “INFINITIVE” (Negative)
Examples.-
“Come here” He told me He told me to go there
Father: "Do your homework!“ Father told me to do my
homework.
Teacher. "Don't talk to your mate!" The teacher told me
not to talk to my mate.
11. Other verbs used for the IMPERATIVE:
ORDER
"Get out of the car!" said the policeman.
The policeman ordered him to get out of the car.
ASK
"Could you please be quiet," she said.
She asked me to be quiet.
WARN
The man with the gun said to us, "Don't move!“
The man with the gun warned us not to move.
We can also use:
INVITE
BEG
FORBID
12. We use a that-clause introduced by “suggest”.
'That' and 'should' are optional in these cases:
She said: "Why don't you get a mechanic to look at the car?"
She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car.
She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car.
Other verbs we can use:
Insist
"It would be a good idea to see the dentist", said my mother.
My mother insisted that I see the dentist
Recommend
The dentist said, "I think you should use a different toothbrush".
The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush.
Notes:
Suggest can be followed by V-ing:
I suggested postponing the visit to the dentist.
Suggestions:
13. In these cases we would use a “reporting verb” related to
the meaning, followed by that-clause o to-infinitive:
"I'll pay you the money tomorrow.“
He promised to pay me the money the next day.
He promised that he would pay me the money the next day.
Other verbs that follow this structure:
Hope
"We should arrive in London before nightfall.“
They hoped to arrive in London before nightfall.
They hoped they would arrive in London before nightfall.
Threaten
"Give me the keys to the safe or I'll shoot you!”
He threatened to shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
He threatened that he would shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
Swear
"I swear it! I'll be back by lunchtime.”
He sweared to be back by lunchtime.
He sweared that he would be back by lunchtime.
14. Some reporting verbs.
IF /
WHETHER +
sentence
THAT +
sentence
THAT +
sentence or
infinitive
THAT+
sentence or
should
Object +
infinitive
ASK
REMEM
BER
SAY
ANSWE
R
BOAST
COMPL
AIN
DENY
REPLY
SAY
SUGGE
ST
TELL
WARN
CLAIM
PROMIS
E
THREAT
EN
ADVISE
BEG
DEMAN
D
RECOM
MEN
D
SUGGE
ST
ADVISE
ASK
BEG
INVITE
ORDER
SHOUT
WARN