Psychology 12 __outcome_3_1_attitude_formation
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Attitudes are general positive or negative evaluations of people, objects, or issues. They have three components - cognitive beliefs, affective feelings, and behavioral tendencies. Attitudes develop based on how we evaluate something and are displayed consistently, but can change over time with new experiences or information. Attitudes differ from habits, which are routine behaviors without evaluation, and from values and beliefs, which do not necessarily lead directly to actions in the same way attitudes can influence behavior.
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Attitude
Attitudes are evaluations people make about objects, ideas, events, or other people. Attitudes can be positive or negative.
Explicit attitudes are conscious beliefs that can guide decisions and behavior. Implicit attitudes are unconscious beliefs that can still influence decisions and behavior.
Attitudes can include up to three components:
cognitive,
emotional, and
behavioral.
Attitude social psychology ppt
This document discusses attitudes, their components, and theories of attitude formation. It provides an overview of attitudes as basic expressions of likes and dislikes that are based on social information. It then outlines three main components of attitudes and four theories of attitude formation: learning theory, consistency theory, cognitive disconsistency theory, and social comparison. The document also discusses factors that influence attitude formation such as media, friends, religion, experiences, and teachers. Finally, it addresses the link between attitudes and behaviors.
Q3 L02 Attitude Formation and Measurement
Behavioural approaches believe attitudes are formed through direct experiences like mere exposure, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. Attitudes can be measured explicitly through agreement with statements or implicitly through scales, word connotations, physiological responses, and analyses of language, priming effects, and reaction times. Various scales have been developed to measure attitudes, including Thurstone, Likert, Guttman, and Osgood's semantic differential.
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The document discusses several theories of personality including:
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- Type theories including Carl Jung's ideas of extraversion and introversion and William Sheldon's three body types - endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy.
- Trait theories which attempt to explain personality differences in terms of traits, including Gordon Allport's cardinal, central, and secondary traits and Raymond Cattell's 16 personality factors.
- Self theory proposed by Carl Rogers focusing on unconditional positive regard and an individual's true self.
- Social learning theory examining how personality characteristics like locus
Attitude: Component and Why Study Attiudes
This document discusses attitudes and their components. It defines an attitude as having three components: affective (feelings about an object), behavioral (how the attitude influences behavior), and cognitive (beliefs about an object). It notes that attitudes strongly influence social thought by helping organize and evaluate stimuli, and that attitudes presumably have a strong effect on behavior by helping to predict behavior in different contexts. The document also discusses motivation, defining it as an inner drive to do something and persevere. It notes there are two types of motivation: intrinsic, coming from within, and extrinsic, coming from external rewards or punishments.
ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR
Attitude and behaviour influence each other in a complex relationship. Attitude, which is one's thoughts or opinions, can predict behaviour when other influences are minimized, the attitude closely corresponds to the behaviour, and the attitude is strong. Conversely, behaviour can shape attitude through social roles defining behaviour and attitudes, the "foot-in-the-door" effect where small commitments lead to larger ones, and people justifying their actions to maintain consistent attitudes. The relationship is circular rather than strictly one-way, as behaviours and attitudes generate each other depending on the situation.
Attitude formation
The document discusses attitude formation and the components of attitudes. It defines an attitude as a learned predisposition to respond consistently in a favorable or unfavorable way to an object or class of objects. Attitudes have cognitive, affective, and conative components. Attitudes are formed through three paths - by first creating beliefs, directly, or by first creating behaviors. Maintaining a positive attitude provides benefits like achieving goals more easily, greater happiness and energy, and the ability to inspire others. Developing a positive attitude involves choosing happiness, looking at the bright side, associating with positive people, and affirming success.
13 psych 200 social psychology
This document discusses key concepts in social psychology including attitudes, social perception, social influence, and group behavior. It defines social psychology and explores how attitudes are formed and changed. Factors that shape social perception like attribution theory and biases are addressed. Phenomena like conformity, obedience, deindividuation, and the bystander effect are examined in the context of social influence. Group processes such as social facilitation, decision making, and groupthink are also summarized.
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Attitude
Attitudes are evaluations people make about objects, ideas, events, or other people. Attitudes can be positive or negative.
Explicit attitudes are conscious beliefs that can guide decisions and behavior. Implicit attitudes are unconscious beliefs that can still influence decisions and behavior.
Attitudes can include up to three components:
cognitive,
emotional, and
behavioral.
Attitude social psychology ppt
This document discusses attitudes, their components, and theories of attitude formation. It provides an overview of attitudes as basic expressions of likes and dislikes that are based on social information. It then outlines three main components of attitudes and four theories of attitude formation: learning theory, consistency theory, cognitive disconsistency theory, and social comparison. The document also discusses factors that influence attitude formation such as media, friends, religion, experiences, and teachers. Finally, it addresses the link between attitudes and behaviors.
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Behavioural approaches believe attitudes are formed through direct experiences like mere exposure, classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and social learning. Attitudes can be measured explicitly through agreement with statements or implicitly through scales, word connotations, physiological responses, and analyses of language, priming effects, and reaction times. Various scales have been developed to measure attitudes, including Thurstone, Likert, Guttman, and Osgood's semantic differential.
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The document discusses several theories of personality including:
- Intrapsychic theory proposed by Sigmund Freud which emphasizes the unconscious mind and interaction of the id, ego and superego.
- Type theories including Carl Jung's ideas of extraversion and introversion and William Sheldon's three body types - endomorphy, mesomorphy, and ectomorphy.
- Trait theories which attempt to explain personality differences in terms of traits, including Gordon Allport's cardinal, central, and secondary traits and Raymond Cattell's 16 personality factors.
- Self theory proposed by Carl Rogers focusing on unconditional positive regard and an individual's true self.
- Social learning theory examining how personality characteristics like locus
Attitude: Component and Why Study Attiudes
This document discusses attitudes and their components. It defines an attitude as having three components: affective (feelings about an object), behavioral (how the attitude influences behavior), and cognitive (beliefs about an object). It notes that attitudes strongly influence social thought by helping organize and evaluate stimuli, and that attitudes presumably have a strong effect on behavior by helping to predict behavior in different contexts. The document also discusses motivation, defining it as an inner drive to do something and persevere. It notes there are two types of motivation: intrinsic, coming from within, and extrinsic, coming from external rewards or punishments.
ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOUR
Attitude and behaviour influence each other in a complex relationship. Attitude, which is one's thoughts or opinions, can predict behaviour when other influences are minimized, the attitude closely corresponds to the behaviour, and the attitude is strong. Conversely, behaviour can shape attitude through social roles defining behaviour and attitudes, the "foot-in-the-door" effect where small commitments lead to larger ones, and people justifying their actions to maintain consistent attitudes. The relationship is circular rather than strictly one-way, as behaviours and attitudes generate each other depending on the situation.
Attitude formation
The document discusses attitude formation and the components of attitudes. It defines an attitude as a learned predisposition to respond consistently in a favorable or unfavorable way to an object or class of objects. Attitudes have cognitive, affective, and conative components. Attitudes are formed through three paths - by first creating beliefs, directly, or by first creating behaviors. Maintaining a positive attitude provides benefits like achieving goals more easily, greater happiness and energy, and the ability to inspire others. Developing a positive attitude involves choosing happiness, looking at the bright side, associating with positive people, and affirming success.
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This document discusses key concepts in social psychology including attitudes, social perception, social influence, and group behavior. It defines social psychology and explores how attitudes are formed and changed. Factors that shape social perception like attribution theory and biases are addressed. Phenomena like conformity, obedience, deindividuation, and the bystander effect are examined in the context of social influence. Group processes such as social facilitation, decision making, and groupthink are also summarized.
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This document discusses the differences between implicit and explicit attitudes. Implicit attitudes are automatic and unconscious associations between objects and evaluations, while explicit attitudes involve deliberate and conscious appraisals. Implicit attitudes form from early experiences and are influenced by affective experiences and cultural biases through automatic processes. In contrast, explicit attitudes are shaped more by recent and accessible experiences and cognitive factors through controlled processes. The document also presents results from a study showing divergence between implicit and explicit attitudes towards obese persons.
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The document discusses the concepts of attitudes and how they can be defined. It states that an attitude is a positive or negative orientation or feeling toward something, referred to as the attitude object. Attitudes influence behaviors and behaviors also influence attitudes. Work attitudes, such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment, are also examined. Several theories of attitude change are outlined, including reinforcement theory, balance theory, and cognitive dissonance theory. Beliefs and values are defined as important components of attitudes. Societal values are also discussed in terms of human-nature orientation, man-nature orientation, time orientation, and activity orientation.
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This document discusses how to stay positive in a tough work environment. It explains that attitudes are formed from direct experiences, associations, family/peers, and mass communication. Attitudes have cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components. The document outlines some negative aspects of work environments like unrealistic deadlines and competition. However, it emphasizes that individuals can choose their attitude and influence their environment by adopting positive behaviors like spreading smiles, focusing on daily good, and keeping an open mind. The key message is that changing attitude requires accepting responsibility and controlling one's thinking and behaviors from the inside out.
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1. The document discusses how beliefs, attitudes, and behavior are related, with beliefs and values forming attitudes that guide behavior.
2. It provides examples of how 75% of California students cheat on tests, and 66% think cheating is acceptable to get desired grades, showing a change in attitudes leading to changes in cheating behavior.
3. Beliefs represent information we learn, while values are enduring beliefs about what is good or bad that guide our daily decisions and can prioritize into a value system.
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This document discusses attitudes, beliefs, and social cognition. It begins by defining attitudes as favorable or unfavorable evaluations of people, objects, or situations. Attitudes have three components - cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The document then discusses how attitudes are formed through direct contact, direct instruction, and interaction with others. Attitudes help us understand the social world, describe social groups, understand our identity, and gain approval from others. The document concludes by stating that attitudes are learned and can change over time or through new experiences.
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Attitude represents a person's mental view or feelings towards someone or something, while behavior refers to their outward actions and reactions. An individual's attitude influences their behavior, as behavior reflects one's thoughts. To change attitude and behavior, one can look for the positive, set achievable goals, and maintain behavioral changes with support from others. Consistency between attitudes and actions can be improved by addressing inconsistencies.
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The document presents information about behavior and attitude from a social psychology perspective. It defines behavior as the observable actions or reactions of an organism in response to stimuli. Attitude is defined as a stable mental position towards an idea, object, or person. While attitude is internal and involves one's predisposition, behavior is external and involves actual actions or expressions. The document notes that attitude does not always perfectly predict behavior, and provides an example of this. It concludes by emphasizing the difference between the internal nature of attitudes versus the external nature of behaviors.
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The document discusses the relationship between attitudes and behavior, noting that while attitudes do not strongly predict behavior in general, the relationship can be strengthened by considering the specificity of the attitude and behavior, the individual being assessed, and the situational context. Certain factors like social pressure and attitude accessibility can increase the likelihood that attitudes will translate into actual behaviors.
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Attitudes can be formed through direct experiences and observations based on behavioral theories. They can be measured explicitly through questionnaires and scales, or implicitly through physiological responses, language usage, priming techniques, and implicit association tests. Common scales include Likert, Thurstone, Guttman and Osgood's semantic differential which assess attitudes through agreement levels or connotative meanings. Physiological methods analyze facial expressions and brain activity, while covert measures evaluate biases in language, reaction times to primed concepts, and implicit associations.
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This document provides an overview of attitudes, including their definition, formation, structure, and relationship to behavior. It discusses several key theories related to attitudes:
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- Consistency theories like balance theory and cognitive dissonance propose people seek to maintain consistency between their attitudes and behaviors.
- Factors like attitude strength (extremity, certainty) and situational constraints moderate the link between attitudes and behaviors.
- The theory of planned behavior and cognitive response model examine additional influences on attitude-behavior relationships and persuasion.
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Attitudes can be defined conceptually or operationally. Conceptually, attitudes are mental states that influence responses to objects and situations. Operationally, attitudes are measured using questionnaires to assess tendencies to evaluate objects favorably or unfavorably. Attitudes have three components - cognitive, affective, and behavioral. Measurement methods include self-report scales, indirect tests, observation, and reaction techniques. Attitude change considers characteristics of the attitude, personality of the holder, and group affiliations. Cognitive dissonance theory proposes reducing incompatibility between cognitions. The attitude-behavior relationship is complex, depending on moderating factors like situations, attitudes, individuals, and behaviors.
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Social psychology is defined as the study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in relation to other people and social situations. It examines three main areas: social thinking (attitudes, attributions), social influence (conformity, obedience), and social interaction (relationships). Social psychology can be applied in various domains to improve motivation, leadership skills, communication abilities, decision making, memory, productivity, health, and more. It provides insights into social influence, cognition, and interaction that are useful for understanding human behavior.
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A presentation on an essential topic of Oraganisational behaviour , Attitude, its formation, components , benefits of positive attitude and measurements. This presentation can be illustrated using relavent situtation with respect to the topics and points in the slides.
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1) An attitude is a positive or negative evaluation of people, objects, events, activities, or ideas that is expressed through favoring or disfavoring something to some degree.
2) Attitudes have three components - affective (feelings and emotions), behavioral (actions towards the object), and cognitive (perceptions and beliefs).
3) People with positive attitudes are optimistic, find something good in every situation, see mistakes as learning opportunities, view problems as challenges, and are usually happy. Those with negative attitudes find faults, blame others, see failures when mistakes happen, resist change, and are often pessimistic and frustrated.
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Attitudes are learned predispositions to respond favorably or unfavorably to objects or classes of objects. They are relatively enduring and situation-related. Attitudes serve utilitarian, ego-defensive, knowledge, and value-expressive functions. They are formed through beliefs, direct experience, and behaviors. The multiattribute model measures attitude using beliefs and evaluations of attributes. The theory of reasoned action extends this to predict behavior from attitudes and subjective norms. Marketers can change attitudes by altering the multiattribute model components or using persuasion to change beliefs.
Power point presentation on attitude
The document defines an attitude as a psychological tendency to evaluate an entity with some degree of favor or disfavor. It notes that while attitudes often involve affect or emotions, affect is distinct from the measure of favorability that defines an attitude. Attitudes contain cognitive, affective, and behavioral components, though some views see the cognitive and behavioral aspects as derivative of the underlying affective component.
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The document discusses the concepts of attitudes and how they can be defined. It states that an attitude is a positive or negative orientation or feeling toward something, referred to as the attitude object. Attitudes influence behaviors and behaviors also influence attitudes. Work attitudes, such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment, are also examined. Several theories of attitude change are outlined, including reinforcement theory, balance theory, and cognitive dissonance theory. Beliefs and values are defined as important components of attitudes. Societal values are also discussed in terms of human-nature orientation, man-nature orientation, time orientation, and activity orientation.
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This document discusses how to stay positive in a tough work environment. It explains that attitudes are formed from direct experiences, associations, family/peers, and mass communication. Attitudes have cognitive, emotional, and behavioral components. The document outlines some negative aspects of work environments like unrealistic deadlines and competition. However, it emphasizes that individuals can choose their attitude and influence their environment by adopting positive behaviors like spreading smiles, focusing on daily good, and keeping an open mind. The key message is that changing attitude requires accepting responsibility and controlling one's thinking and behaviors from the inside out.
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2. It provides examples of how 75% of California students cheat on tests, and 66% think cheating is acceptable to get desired grades, showing a change in attitudes leading to changes in cheating behavior.
3. Beliefs represent information we learn, while values are enduring beliefs about what is good or bad that guide our daily decisions and can prioritize into a value system.
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This document discusses attitudes, beliefs, and social cognition. It begins by defining attitudes as favorable or unfavorable evaluations of people, objects, or situations. Attitudes have three components - cognitive, affective, and behavioral. The document then discusses how attitudes are formed through direct contact, direct instruction, and interaction with others. Attitudes help us understand the social world, describe social groups, understand our identity, and gain approval from others. The document concludes by stating that attitudes are learned and can change over time or through new experiences.
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Attitude represents a person's mental view or feelings towards someone or something, while behavior refers to their outward actions and reactions. An individual's attitude influences their behavior, as behavior reflects one's thoughts. To change attitude and behavior, one can look for the positive, set achievable goals, and maintain behavioral changes with support from others. Consistency between attitudes and actions can be improved by addressing inconsistencies.
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The document presents information about behavior and attitude from a social psychology perspective. It defines behavior as the observable actions or reactions of an organism in response to stimuli. Attitude is defined as a stable mental position towards an idea, object, or person. While attitude is internal and involves one's predisposition, behavior is external and involves actual actions or expressions. The document notes that attitude does not always perfectly predict behavior, and provides an example of this. It concludes by emphasizing the difference between the internal nature of attitudes versus the external nature of behaviors.
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Attitudes can be formed through direct experiences and observations based on behavioral theories. They can be measured explicitly through questionnaires and scales, or implicitly through physiological responses, language usage, priming techniques, and implicit association tests. Common scales include Likert, Thurstone, Guttman and Osgood's semantic differential which assess attitudes through agreement levels or connotative meanings. Physiological methods analyze facial expressions and brain activity, while covert measures evaluate biases in language, reaction times to primed concepts, and implicit associations.
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This document provides an overview of attitudes, including their definition, formation, structure, and relationship to behavior. It discusses several key theories related to attitudes:
- Learning theories (classical conditioning, observational learning) describe how attitudes are formed through experience.
- Consistency theories like balance theory and cognitive dissonance propose people seek to maintain consistency between their attitudes and behaviors.
- Factors like attitude strength (extremity, certainty) and situational constraints moderate the link between attitudes and behaviors.
- The theory of planned behavior and cognitive response model examine additional influences on attitude-behavior relationships and persuasion.
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This document defines attitudes and describes the ABC model of attitudes. It discusses how attitudes are formed through direct contact, instruction, interaction with others, and observational learning. Attitude change can occur through persuasion or cognitive dissonance. Persuasion involves the source, message, and target audience, while cognitive dissonance is an inconsistency between cognitions and behaviors that causes tension motivating change.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in social psychology. It defines social psychology as the scientific study of how individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by real, imagined, or implied social contexts. Some key topics covered include social influence, conformity, compliance, social norms, and research studies such as Asch's conformity experiments and Milgram's obedience studies. The document discusses how social factors like group pressure, authority, and reciprocity can influence individual attitudes and behaviors. In summary, it introduces social psychology concepts relating to how social environments and other people shape individual cognition, interaction, and performance.
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Social psychology examines how individuals are influenced by and influence others. Key topics include social influence, norms, attitudes, stereotypes, conformity, obedience, and persuasion. Important concepts are social learning theory, attribution biases like the fundamental attribution error, and interpersonal attraction factors like similarity, proximity, and self-disclosure.
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Social psychology is defined as the study of how individuals think, feel, and behave in relation to other people and social situations. It examines three main areas: social thinking (attitudes, attributions), social influence (conformity, obedience), and social interaction (relationships). Social psychology can be applied in various domains to improve motivation, leadership skills, communication abilities, decision making, memory, productivity, health, and more. It provides insights into social influence, cognition, and interaction that are useful for understanding human behavior.
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A presentation on an essential topic of Oraganisational behaviour , Attitude, its formation, components , benefits of positive attitude and measurements. This presentation can be illustrated using relavent situtation with respect to the topics and points in the slides.
Attitide
1) An attitude is a positive or negative evaluation of people, objects, events, activities, or ideas that is expressed through favoring or disfavoring something to some degree.
2) Attitudes have three components - affective (feelings and emotions), behavioral (actions towards the object), and cognitive (perceptions and beliefs).
3) People with positive attitudes are optimistic, find something good in every situation, see mistakes as learning opportunities, view problems as challenges, and are usually happy. Those with negative attitudes find faults, blame others, see failures when mistakes happen, resist change, and are often pessimistic and frustrated.
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Attitude ppt(mba hons.)
Attitudes are evaluative statements that indicate one's feelings toward people, objects, events, or situations either favorably or unfavorably. An attitude can be positive or negative. Positive attitudes are characterized by optimism while negative attitudes express disdain. Attitudes are formed through experiences, classical conditioning, observation of others, and more. They influence behavior and consist of affective, cognitive, and behavioral components. To change attitudes, one can provide new information, influence of peers, resolve inconsistencies, and use communication strategies. A study assessed student attitudes and found them to be generally low positive or low negative. Suggestions to improve attitudes include visualizing goals, setting expectations, dealing with problems effectively, and maintaining an optimistic outlook
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Psychology is defined as the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. The document outlines the key definitions, classifications, characteristics, goals and approaches in psychology. It discusses the historical influences on psychology from ancient Greek philosophers to modern founding figures. It also describes the major branches of psychology including general, comparative, developmental, abnormal and social psychology.
Attitude
attitude,components,functions,theories,work attitude..
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The document discusses several key aspects of attitudes:
1. Attitudes have three components - cognitive, affective, and behavioral. They represent a tendency to respond positively or negatively toward an object.
2. Common methods for measuring attitudes include self-report measures like scales and covert physiological measures.
3. Several theories seek to explain attitude formation and change, including learning theory, cognitive dissonance theory, and the theory of reasoned action.
4. The relationship between attitudes and behaviors is complex and moderated by several factors. While attitudes don't always predict behavior, some consistency often exists.
Dynamic and Pro Active Attitude
1) The document discusses dynamics, proactive attitude, and developing a positive mindset and attitude. It provides definitions and components of attitude, how attitudes are formed, and the importance of having a good work attitude.
2) It describes the advantages of a positive attitude and gives steps to build a positive attitude such as making a habit of acting now, developing gratitude, and staying away from negative people.
3) The document concludes by stating life is hard but even harder if we are stupid, and the only disability is a bad attitude.
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This document presents an alternative approach to moral development and expertise based on the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition. It argues that moral maturity is not achieved through conformity to moral principles, but rather through the development of moral know-how and sensitivity gained through experience and habitual practice. This cultivates intuitive responsiveness and the interconnection of perception and action without reliance on rules or principles. Children's moral development is better conceived as an engagement in moral practice and life skills, not the teaching of principles.
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This document discusses attitudes, how they are formed and changed. It begins with an overview of key topics such as the definition of attitudes, their structure and functions. Attitudes are formed through both cognition (thinking) and affect (emotion). The cognitive response model and theory of reasoned action are presented as ways attitudes are formed through thinking. Emotional appeals and fear appeals can also shape attitudes. To change attitudes, one must target the underlying beliefs, evaluations, norms or emotions. Changing conditions and consequences of behaviors as well as using positive persuasion can help modify attitudes. Maintaining an optimistic, open-minded outlook and thinking independently also supports developing constructive attitudes.
Prof. Kanchan.ku.perception,attitude,valuesmotivation,learning.pptx
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to perception, attitudes, values, and learning. It discusses the nature, process, importance, and factors influencing perception. It also examines attitude formation and the different types of attitudes. Values and the importance of an individual's value system are explored. Learning theories around conditioning and social learning are summarized. The document concludes with discussing the managerial implications of understanding these concepts.
PersuasionWhat is persuasionPersuasion – any commun.docx
Persuasion
What is persuasion?
Persuasion – any communication involving a message intended to change, shape, or reinforce the response of another.
Two components or forms of response:
Attitude (thought)
Behavior (action)
Persuasion v.s. Influence?
Persuasion is a more specifically defined attempt to achieve influence.
Attitudes can be defined as “a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular object with some degree of favor or disfavor” (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993, p. 1...a really long but good book all about attitudes) – more on this in a few slides.
Keep in mind throughout that ‘object’ can mean anything we respond to – a person, event, abstract idea, etc. it doesn’t always mean some tangible object when we refer to an attitude object (although obviously, we can have attitudes about actual ‘objects’ such as clothing, food, etc.)
2
Persuasion Building Blocks
Two key constructs:
Behaviors
Tangible aspect
Directly observable
Attitudes
Cognitive aspect
Not directly observable
All persuasion goals, even those which nominally focus on attitudes, have behavioral correlates
Many people seek to change social attitudes; e.g., attitudes toward minorities, attitudes toward the gay community -- ultimately, we expect behaviors to change. Can you think to an example when your own attitudes differ from your actions?
Interesting study on the origins of attitudes show that, however, we can SAY one thing and act a totally different way – LaPiere, 1934. Available on google and although very dated, really explains how this stuff happens in the real world!
3
Building Blocks: Attitudes
So what is an attitude?
– Relatively enduring organization of beliefs around an object (situation) predisposing one to respond in a preferential manner (Rockeach)
– Attitude towards a behavior is a function of the consequences of performing that behavior and the evaluation of those consequences (Fishbein & Azjen)
– Summary evaluations of objects, ranging along a dimension from positive to negative (Petty)
– Theoretical construction created by social scientists to explain the different reactions that people have towards similar objects or situations (Stiff)
Attitude researchers have their own nuanced ways to explain attitudes – no definition is necessarily ‘right’ or ‘wrong’
4
Building Blocks: Attitudes
Why are attitudes important?
Help explain and predict behavior, although not perfectly
Typically, we cannot directly control or command others’ behavior
Refer to the theory of reasoned action, which predicts that:
Beliefs Attitudes + Subjective Norms Behavioral Intentions Behavior
Think back to the perception slides - how is our perception of the world formed? Attitude is a highly complex construct, and our attitudes we have learned through various socialization process inform how we perceive the world.
Theory of reasoned action: we hold beliefs, which inform our overall attitudes toward certain objects. Subjective norms .
attitude ppt.pdf
Attitudes are evaluative statements that indicate one's feelings toward people, objects, events, or situations. They can be positive or negative. Positive attitudes are characterized by optimism, while negative attitudes involve disdain. Attitudes are formed through experiences, conditioning, social influences, and have cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. They serve functions like adjustment, self-expression, and knowledge. Common theories for attitude formation and change include cognitive consistency theories and social judgment theories. Research on student attitudes found them to be generally low positive, with recommendations to improve attitudes including visualizing goals and having a positive outlook.
Ethics_Seminar_Uday.pptx
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Attitude
The document discusses attitudes and how much of an attitude is visible compared to what lies below the surface, similar to an iceberg. It states that only 10% of an attitude is visible, while 90% remains below the surface, unknown to others. It goes on to describe the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of attitudes, and how attitudes can influence behavior both positively and negatively. Various theories of attitude change and formation are also summarized.
Ch 02-foundations of individual[1]
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to individual behavior foundations, including ability, attitudes, and job satisfaction. It discusses ability as an individual's capacity to perform job tasks, with intellectual ability being one of the best predictors of performance. Attitudes are defined as evaluative statements consisting of cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. Job satisfaction is presented as a collection of positive or negative feelings about one's job. The relationship between attitudes and behaviors is explored, noting moderating variables. The importance of ensuring a good fit between employee abilities and job requirements is also highlighted.
Attitude
This document discusses attitudes, including their definition, components, factors influencing attitudes, types of attitudes, and functions of attitudes. It also examines barriers to changing attitudes and ways attitudes can be changed. The relationship between attitudes and behavior in the workplace is explored, as well as how attitude surveys can be used by organizations to understand employee perceptions and make improvements. Key points covered include the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components of attitudes, and how attitudes influence an individual's reactions and tendencies towards people, objects, or ideas.
The Nature of Attitudes
Perloff, R. M. (2010). The dynamics of persuasion: communication and attitudes in the twenty-first century. Routledge.
Chapter 3: Attitudes: Definition & Structure
Chapter 4:The Power of Our Passions: Theory & Research on Strong Attitudes
Chapter 5: Attitudes: Functions & Consequences
Apl01
The document defines attitudes as an overall evaluation of an object based on cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. Attitudes involve thoughts, feelings, and past behaviors toward the object. They serve functions such as helping understand the world, achieving goals, protecting self-image, and expressing values. The components are related but not always aligned in valence. Attitudes are influenced by beliefs, attributes, and experiences with the object.
Attitudes & values
This document discusses the concepts of values and attitudes. It defines values as global beliefs that guide actions and judgments across situations. Values are central to a person's core, relatively permanent, and influenced by family, social, personal and cultural factors. The document also defines attitudes as tendencies to evaluate objects in a certain way and notes they are influenced by direct experience, associations, social learning, institutions, and media. Values represent judgments of what ought to be while attitudes represent tendencies to respond based on like or dislike.
Attitude makes personality
Your attitude to something is the way that you think and feel about it. Your attitude towards someone is the way you behave when you are dealing with them, especially when this shows how you feel about them.
personality and attitude
This chapter discusses individual differences in personality, attitudes, and ethical behavior. It defines personality as consistent patterns of behavior influenced by both heredity and environment. The "Big Five" personality factors describe traits on continua from stable to nervous, sociable to withdrawn, conscientious to careless, agreeable to rude, and open to dull. Specific traits like self-esteem and introversion/extraversion are also discussed in relation to job performance, satisfaction, and commitment. The chapter outlines how to instill moral management through selecting ethical employees and reinforcing ethics in culture and evaluations.
Chapter2[2]
This chapter discusses individual differences in personality, attitudes, and ethical behavior. It defines personality and the "Big Five" personality factors (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness). Only 2-12% of behavior is determined by personality alone. Attitudes consist of affective, cognitive, and behavioral components and best predict behaviors that are specific and recent. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment are influenced by work factors and experiences. Management ethics can be immoral, moral, or amoral and shaping an ethical culture requires selecting ethical employees and reinforcing ethics through training and evaluations.
Disc
The document discusses the DISC model, which examines behavioral styles based on four quadrants: Dominant, Influential, Steady, and Conscious. It provides descriptions of characteristics for each quadrant for both individuals and their behavior in environments. The schedule includes exercises where participants observe what they see, identify themselves, and have conversations. The concept of DISC is defined as examining individual behavior based on William Moulton Marston's work. Applications of DISC include understanding tolerance, improving relationships, optimizing time, and being cautious rather than reactive.
Attitude
Attitudes are evaluative statements that indicate one's feelings toward people, objects, events, or situations. Attitudes are complex and influenced by cognitive processes and experiences. They have cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. Attitudes are formed through classical and operant conditioning, vicarious learning from others, communication, and experiences. Theories of attitude formation include cognitive consistency theories like balance theory and congruity theory, and social judgment theories. Attitudes can be changed by providing information, influencing friends, communication, and addressing discrepancies, but prior commitments, strong commitments, publicly expressed attitudes, low credibility of the source, and insufficient information can act as barriers to attitude change.
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Psychology 12 __outcome_3_1_attitude_formation
- 3. How do attitudes develop?
- 4. Consistency? How often do we display the same attitude to the same object, idea, or situation?
- 5. What's it like? Video was not exported from SlideRocket
- 6. What do you think? Attitudes develop based on how we evaluate something. We can only determine someone holds an attitude about anything until he/she responds “evaluatively” to an Attitude Object (AO).
- 7. Attitude is a general and enduring positive or negative feeling about some person, object, or issue.
- 8. Video was not exported from SlideRocket American History X
- 9. Attitudes refer to very general evaluations that people hold of themselves, other people, objects, and issues.
- 10. 1] Cognitive – beliefs about what is or is not true with respect to the AO. 2] Affective – feelings / emotions toward the AO. 3] Behavioral – tendencies to do certain things with respect to the AO. Eg. Drinking and Driving The three Components of Attitude
- 11. Rick Mercer Rant Video was not exported from SlideRocket
- 12. Habits (I wake up every morning and I feel angry!) Values (beliefs that we held dear); “You know what Maria… once I would like to wake up and find these dishes in the cabinet!” Beliefs (They are assumptions, theories, explanations, conclusions and states of mind) Opinions (a person's ideas and thoughts towards something) Attitudes aren't ....
- 13. Both influence behavior Habits are routine behaviors that are performed without evaluation of the behaviors’ consequences or the behavior itself Attitudes are persistent evaluations Attitudes & Habits
- 14. Rick Mercer Rant Video was not exported from SlideRocket
- 15. Both are evaluations Although, saying that somebody values the dishes being placed in the cabinet after they have been washed is similar with saying that somebody has a positive attitude of the dishes being placed in the cabinet after they have been washed Values are ideal, desirable goals - more global/general than attitudes Values can encompass several attitudes – i.e., one can have several attitudes towards certain values Attitudes & Values
- 16. Rick Mercer Rant Video was not exported from SlideRocket
- 17. Beliefs are propositions about the attributes (“that car salesman”) of objects (e.g., “will say anything to make a sale”) Beliefs are primarily cognitive – they do not generally lead directly to an action Difficult to distinguish attitudes from beliefs when a belief ascribes a positive or negative attribute to an object Attitudes & Beliefs