Attributions are inferences that people make about the causes of events and behavior. People make attributions in order to understand their experiences. Attributions strongly influence the way people interact with others.
Obedience is compliance with commands given by an authority figure. In the 1960s, the social psychologist Stanley Milgram did a famous research study called the obedience study.
It showed that people have a strong tendency to comply with authority figures.
There are many different kinds of ethical issues facing clinical psychologists. Some of the most common ones involve confidentiality, payments, relationships, and testimony.
Attributions are inferences that people make about the causes of events and behavior. People make attributions in order to understand their experiences. Attributions strongly influence the way people interact with others.
Obedience is compliance with commands given by an authority figure. In the 1960s, the social psychologist Stanley Milgram did a famous research study called the obedience study.
It showed that people have a strong tendency to comply with authority figures.
There are many different kinds of ethical issues facing clinical psychologists. Some of the most common ones involve confidentiality, payments, relationships, and testimony.
Upload Lisboa 2012: Nathalie Nahai:Web psychology and the future of online in...Upload Lisboa
Nathalie Nahai é uma oradora vencedora de vários prémios, autora e psicóloga da Web, e encontra-se a escrever um livro para a Pearson, intitulado 'Teias de Influência: A Psicologia da Persuasão Online', com lançamento previsto para Outubro deste ano.
Com formação em psicologia e estratégia digital, ela é uma das poucas vozes principais neste campo a ter tanto experiência académica, como prática comprovada na engenharia da persuasão online.
Nathalie dá palestras regulares sobre o tema da Psicologia da Web e Social Media e trabalha com empresas para aumentar a sua reputação, base de clientes e o lucro online.
É também um membro do #OgilvyChange, uma nova Prática de Ciências Comportamentais que utiliza o pensamento mais recente em psicologia cognitiva, psicologia social e economia comportamental para criar intervenções comportamentais no mundo real.
Poderá encontrar os seus tweets @TheWebPsych, e ler o seu blog em TheWebPsychologist.com.
Our second week of class will take us into the so-called “The Limited Effects Paradigm”, which will focus our discussion on the social and psychological mediating variables that explain media influence as powerful under specific conditions. By this, we are referring to the individual as well as social structures that might enhance or reduce media content's influence on our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Let's go deeper into this.
Social psychologists consider a group to be composed of two or more people who interact and depend on each other in some way. Groups usually have the following features:
Norms that determine appropriate behavior (A)
Roles that are assigned to people that determine what behaviors and responsibilities people should take on(B)
A communication structure that determines who talks to whom within the group ( C)
A power structure that determines how much authority and influence group members have(D)
Conformity involves changing your behaviors in order to "fit in" or "go along" with the people around you. In some cases, this social influence might involve agreeing with or acting like the majority of people in a specific group, or it might involve behaving in a particular way in order to be perceived as "normal" by the group.
From Molecules to Morality: The Evolution Of AltruismMolecularFossils
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SOCIAL INTERACTION
It is a central concept to understanding the nature of social life.
It is two or more people taking one another into account in building up their actions
A main goal of sociology is to explain social action (Anything people are conscious of doing because of other people).
TYPES OF SOCIAL INTERACTION
1. Exchange - when people do something for each other with the express purpose of receiving a reward or return, they are involved in an exchange interaction.
2. Cooperation
A cooperative interaction occurs when people act together to promote common interests or achieve shared goals.
3. Conflict - it arises when people or groups have incompatible values or when the rewards or resources available to a society or its members are limited.
4. Competition – it is a form of conflict in which individuals or groups confine their conflict within agreed-upon rules.
Conflict always involves an attempt to gain or use power . Conflict is not always negative. One Problem with conflict is that it often leads to unhappiness and violence which causes many people to view it negatively
This chapter's focus is on Social Psychology. There is discussion of relationships, persuasion, coercion, and other types of social influence. Love and intimate relationships is also included.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. HOW DOES IT DIFFER WITH
SOCIOLOGY?
The scientific study of how a person‟s
thoughts, behavior and feelings are influenced
by real, imagined, or implied presence of
others is called Social Psychology
While Sociology, on the other hand is the
study and classification of human societies
4. THREE MAIN AREAS
SOCIAL COGNITION
SOCIAL INTERACTION
SOCIAL INFLUENCE
5. SOCIAL COGNITION
How we perceive our social worlds and how we
attend to, store, remember, and use information
about other people and the social world
7. ATTITUDE
A tendency to respond positively or
negatively toward a certain
idea, person, object, or situation
idea/ person/
object/
situation
Your
perception
Response
11. ATTITUDE CHANGE
Persuasion is the process by which one
person tries to change the
belief, opinion, position, or course of
action of another person through
argument, pleading or explanation
15. HOW DO WE REDUCE THE
DISCOMFORT?
1) Change the conflicting behavior
2) Change the conflicting cognition
3) Form new cognition
WHY???
16.
17. IMPRESSION FORMATION
PRIMACY EFFECT
persistent impression made toward a
person even though they may later have
a contradicting information regarding
their original impression
19. ATTRIBUTION
The process of explaining one‟s own
and others‟ behavior
ATTRIBUTION THEORY
Developed by Fritz Heider
Situational / External
Dispositional / Internal
20. ATTRIBUTION BIASES
Fundamental Attribution Error
Overestimation of internal characteristics and
underestimation of the influence of situation
Self-serving bias = situational attribution
Belief in a Just World = dispositional attribution
21. SOCIAL INFLUENCE
The process through which the real or
implied presence of others can directly or
indirectly influence the
thoughts, feelings, and behavior of an
individual
27. GROUP BEHAVIOR
GROUPTHINK is the kind of thinking that
occurs when people place more importance
on maintaining group cohesiveness than on
assessing the facts of the problem with which
group is concerned
28. GROUP POLARIZATION
Tendency for members involved in a group
discussion to take somewhat more extreme
positions than the initial inclination of other
members
Group tends to intensify opinions
29. SOCIAL FACILITATION
The positive influence of others on performance
Increased arousal in presence of others resulting
to increased performance
30. SOCIAL IMPAIRMENT
The negative influence of others on
performance
Increased arousal in presence of others
resulting to decreased performance
31. SOCIAL LOAFING
„loafers‟ tend not to do well as well when other
people are working on the same task, but can
do quite well when working on their own
33. SOCIAL INTERCTION
PREJUDICE
Negative attitude held by a person about the
members of a particular social group
In-groups and out-groups
“us” vs. “them”
DISCRIMINATION
Treating people differently because of prejudice
toward the social group to which they belong
34. REALISTIC CONFLICT
THEORY
Increasing prejudice and discrimination
between the in-group and the out-group when
those groups in conflict over a limited
resource, such as land and available jobs
Example:
“Illustrado” vs. “Indio”
38. SOCIAL IDENTITY THEORY
A theory in which the formation of a person‟s
identity within a particular social group is
explained by
SOCIAL CATEGORIZATION
SOCIAL IDENTITY
SOCIAL COMPARISON
39. SOCIAL INTERACTION
Aggression
• When one has
the intention to
hurt or destroy
another person
whether verbally
or physically
Altruism
• Helping
someone without
expectation of
reward and often
without fear of
own‟s safety
Attraction
• To have a desire
for a relationship
with someone
41. ALTRUISM
Bystander Effect
Refers to finding the likelihood of a bystander to
help someone in trouble decreases as the
number of bystander increases.
Diffusion of Responsibility
When a person fails to take responsibility for
either action or inaction because of the
presence of other people who are seen to
share the responsibility