found this one in one of my abandoned folders. AC(students from JUCSE need no introduction but for others you should never want to know him :-O) assigned this task to me and 3 of my fellow classmates to create a presentation on this uninteresting and weird topic. We pulled it off however :P
Semiconductor Memory Fundamentals
Memory Types
Memory Structure and its requirements
Memory Decoding
Examples
Input - Output Interfacing
Types of Parallel Data Transfer or I/O Techniques
found this one in one of my abandoned folders. AC(students from JUCSE need no introduction but for others you should never want to know him :-O) assigned this task to me and 3 of my fellow classmates to create a presentation on this uninteresting and weird topic. We pulled it off however :P
Semiconductor Memory Fundamentals
Memory Types
Memory Structure and its requirements
Memory Decoding
Examples
Input - Output Interfacing
Types of Parallel Data Transfer or I/O Techniques
This presentation is about the design and function of a microprocessor, how to program and how to interface it with other electronics machines and devices
Microprocessor architecture,
Organisation & operation of microcomputer systems.
Hardware and software interaction.
Programme and data storage.
Parallel interfacing and programmable ICs.
Serial interfacing, standards and protocols.
Analogue interfacing. Interrupts and DMA.
Microcontrollers and small embedded systems.
The CPU, memory and the operating system.
Electronics product design companies in bangaloreAshok Kumar.k
DNCL Technologies Electronic design service and embedded system development ,PCB design, CPLD design & FPGA design and manufacturing service.
DNCL Technologies offers custom electronic design,embedded system design product development and pcb design,FPGA based design & CPLD design,Fireware & device drivers development, RTOS –Vxworks,Kernal programming ,Application Development and android development .
we design all types of electronic circuit or producting according to custom specification at affordable costs while maintaining highest quality product. contact us for your custom electronic product development and manufacturing.
Similar to Protected mode memory addressing 8086 (20)
This Presentation was prepared to tell the students how to write a letter to the teacher and business type letters were discussed in this presentation.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
3. PROTECTED MODE MEMORY ADDRESSING
• Protected mode memory addressing allows access to data
and programs located above the first 1M byte of memory.
• Addressing this extended section of the memory system
requires a change to the segment plus an offset addressing
scheme used with real mode memory addressing.
4. PROTECTED MODE MEMORY ADDRESSING
• In protected addressing mode segments can be of variable
size(below or above 64 KB).
• Some system control instructions are only valid in the
protected mode.
• The offset part of the memory address is still the same as in
real addressing mode. However, when in the protected mode,
the processor can work either with 16-bit offsets or with 32-
bit offsets.
5. PROTECTED MODE MEMORY ADDRESSING
• A 32-bit offset allows segments of up to 4G bytes. Notice that
in real-mode the only available instruction mode is the 16-bit
mode.
• One difference between real and protected addressing mode is
that the segment address, as discussed with real mode memory
addressing, is no longer present in the protected mode.
6. PROTECTED MODE MEMORY ADDRESSING
• In place of the segment address, the segment register contains a
selector
• The selector selects a descriptor from a descriptor table.
• The descriptor describes the memory segment's location,
length, and access rights. This is similar to selecting one card
from a deck of cards in one's pocket.
7. PROTECTED MODE MEMORY ADDRESSING
• The selector, located in the segment register, selects one of
8192 descriptors from one of two tables of descriptors
(stored in memory): the global and local descriptor tables.
The descriptor describes the location, length and access
rights of the memory segment.
• Each descriptor is 8 bytes long.
8. PROTECTED MODE MEMORY ADDRESSING
• The 8192 descriptor table requires 8 * 8192 = 64K bytes of
memory.
9. INTRO TO PROTECTED MODE
MEMORY ADDRESSING
Data and programs located within & above the first 1M byte of memory
• Protected mode is where Windows operates.
• The segment register contains a selector that selects a descriptor from a
descriptor table.
• The descriptor describes the memory segment’s location, length, and
access rights.
10. Selectors and Descriptors
• The selector is located in the segment register
• Describes the location, length, and access rights of the segment of
memory.
• it selects one of 8192 descriptors from one
of two tables of descriptors.
• Indirectly, the register still selects a memory segment, but not directly
as in real mode.
11. Descriptors table•
• Two types of Descriptor table selected by the segment register.
• Global descriptors contain segment definitions that apply to all programs.
• a global descriptor might be called a system descriptor
• Local descriptors are usually unique to an application.
• Local descriptor an application descriptor .
• global and local descriptor tables are a
maximum of 64K bytes in length
13. Explanation
• each descriptor is 8 bytes in length.
• The base address of the descriptor indicates the starting location of the
memory segment.
• The G, or granularity bit allows a segment length of 4K to 4G bytes in
steps of 4K bytes.
• 32-bit offset address allows segment lengths of 4G bytes
• 16-bit offset address allows segment lengths of 64K bytes.
15. The access rights byte controls access to the
protected mode segment
• describes segment function in the system and allows complete
control over the segment
• if the segment is a data segment, the direction of growth is
specified
• If the segment grows beyond its limit,the
• operating system is interrupted, indicating
a general protection fault.
16. The contents of a segment register during protected mode
operation of the 80286 microprocessors.
17. Descriptors are chosen from the descriptor table by the
segment register.
• register contains a 13-bit selector field, a table selector bit, and
requested privilege level field.
• The TI bit selects either the global or the local descriptor table.
• Requested Privilege Level (RPL) requests the access privilege
level of a memory segment.
19. Explanation
the segment register, containing a selector.
chooses a descriptor from the global descriptor table.
The entry in the global descriptor table selects a segment in the
memory system
Descriptor zero is called the null descriptor, must contain all zeros,
and may not be used for accessing memory.
21. Memory Paging
In the paging memory-management scheme, the operating system
retrieves data from secondary storage in same-size blocks
called pages.
The Memory management unit consists of
Segmentation unit and
Paging unit.
Segmentation unit allows segments of size 4Gbytes at max.
The Paging unit organizes the physical memory in terms of pages
of 4kbytes size each.
22. Mechanism available in the 80386 and up.
Allows a linear address ( program generated ) of a program to be
located in any portion of physical memory.
Paging unit works under the control of the segmentation unit, i.e.
each segment is further divided into pages.
23. The linear address is invisibly translated to any physical address
Through paging to the hard disk drive and paging to the memory
through the memory paging unit, any Windows application can be
executed
GenerateProgram Linear Address Through Paging
Physical
Address
24. The name EMM386 was used for the expanded memory managers of
both Microsoft's and MS-DOS which created expanded memory
using extended memory on Intel 80386 CPUs.
Expanded memory is a system that provided additional memory
to DOS programs beyond the limit of conventional memory .
The paging system operates in both real and protected mode.
25. The paging unit is controlled by the microprocessors control registers:
26. Paging Registers
It is enabled by setting the PG bit to 1 (left most bit in CR0 ).
(If set to 0, linear addresses are physical addresses).
CR3 contains the page directory "physical" base address.
Each page directory entry contain 1024 directory entries of 4 byte each.
Each page directory entry addresses a page table that contains up to 1024
entries.
27.
28. Count….
The virtual address is broken into three pieces
Directory : Each page directory addresses a 4MB section of main
mem.
Page Table : Each page table entry addresses a 4KB section of main
mem.
Offset : Specifies the byte in the page.