Honing is an abrasive machining process that produces a precision surface on a metal work piece by scrubbing an abrasive stone against it along a controlled path.
Honing is primarily used to improve the geometric form of a surface, but may also improve the surface texture.
Advance machining processes are used where higher accuracy and surface finish is required. One of them, Abrasive jet machining is a non-traditional machining process in which a high-pressure air stream and abrasive particles impinge on a work surface through a nozzle. Abrasive jet machining (AJM) removes material through the action of a focused beam of abrasive jet directed at the workpiece the resulting erosion can be used for cutting, drilling and debarring etc. With the increase of needs for machining of ceramics, semiconductors, electronic devices and L.C.D., AJM has become a useful technique for micromachining. it is more useful in industries for precision work. Material removal rate during this process affected by different parameters like abrasive particle size, the velocity of abrasive flow rate, gas pressure, standoff distance etc.
Investigation of Drilling Time V/S Depth of Cut & Kerf Using Abrasive Jet Mac...iosrjce
Abrasive jet machining (AJM) is a processing non-traditional machine which operates materials
without producing shock and heat. AJM is applied for many purposes like drilling, cutting, cleaning, and
etching operation. The particles of the materials get accelerate in gas stream and are made to focus on
machine. It makes small fracture if particle focuses on the surface and the gas stream includes abrasive
particles and fractured particles away. The process parameters are used like variables which effect metal
removal. They are carrier gas, abrasive, velocity of abrasive, work material, and nozzle tip distance (NTD).In
abrasive jet machining, a focused stream of abrasive particles, carried by high pressure air or gas is made to
impinge on the work surface through a nozzle and the work material is made to impinge on the work surface
through a nozzle and work material is removed by erosion by high velocity abrasive particles. The effect of the
depth of material and the material characteristics on drilling time were investigated and discussed. Through
this work, it was observed that machinability index of the materials drilled plays an important role in AJM
process. The work investigates that there is nonlinear relation in drilling time v/s drilling depth and material of
low machinability takes more time to drill because of as depth increases air pressure losses its cutting ability. It
is also Investigate the effect of kerf and SOD on drilling time
This is Part 2 Power point Presentation of Unconventional Machining Process. in this PPT consisting of
Abrasive Jet Machining
Water Jet Machining
Abrasive water jet machining
Ultrasonic machining process
Exactly i said about these PPT Fully covered in UNIT -2 Under the Anna university syllabus. in this presentation is most widely used for getting good knowledge about which above mentioned machining field, .....remaining units i will upload soon .... With Happiest moment i submit my materials to my students... Thank you ...
Wish you all the best for your successful carrier guys
The mixture of abrasive particles with high pressurised air impinges through the nozzle towards the brittle material.Abrasive jet machining is done by use of abrasives(AL2O3,SIC,SYNTHETIC DIAMOND,ETC.,) particles. The main components are nozzle,mixing chamber,dehumidifier,regulator and pressure gauge.
Honing is an abrasive machining process that produces a precision surface on a metal work piece by scrubbing an abrasive stone against it along a controlled path.
Honing is primarily used to improve the geometric form of a surface, but may also improve the surface texture.
Advance machining processes are used where higher accuracy and surface finish is required. One of them, Abrasive jet machining is a non-traditional machining process in which a high-pressure air stream and abrasive particles impinge on a work surface through a nozzle. Abrasive jet machining (AJM) removes material through the action of a focused beam of abrasive jet directed at the workpiece the resulting erosion can be used for cutting, drilling and debarring etc. With the increase of needs for machining of ceramics, semiconductors, electronic devices and L.C.D., AJM has become a useful technique for micromachining. it is more useful in industries for precision work. Material removal rate during this process affected by different parameters like abrasive particle size, the velocity of abrasive flow rate, gas pressure, standoff distance etc.
Investigation of Drilling Time V/S Depth of Cut & Kerf Using Abrasive Jet Mac...iosrjce
Abrasive jet machining (AJM) is a processing non-traditional machine which operates materials
without producing shock and heat. AJM is applied for many purposes like drilling, cutting, cleaning, and
etching operation. The particles of the materials get accelerate in gas stream and are made to focus on
machine. It makes small fracture if particle focuses on the surface and the gas stream includes abrasive
particles and fractured particles away. The process parameters are used like variables which effect metal
removal. They are carrier gas, abrasive, velocity of abrasive, work material, and nozzle tip distance (NTD).In
abrasive jet machining, a focused stream of abrasive particles, carried by high pressure air or gas is made to
impinge on the work surface through a nozzle and the work material is made to impinge on the work surface
through a nozzle and work material is removed by erosion by high velocity abrasive particles. The effect of the
depth of material and the material characteristics on drilling time were investigated and discussed. Through
this work, it was observed that machinability index of the materials drilled plays an important role in AJM
process. The work investigates that there is nonlinear relation in drilling time v/s drilling depth and material of
low machinability takes more time to drill because of as depth increases air pressure losses its cutting ability. It
is also Investigate the effect of kerf and SOD on drilling time
This is Part 2 Power point Presentation of Unconventional Machining Process. in this PPT consisting of
Abrasive Jet Machining
Water Jet Machining
Abrasive water jet machining
Ultrasonic machining process
Exactly i said about these PPT Fully covered in UNIT -2 Under the Anna university syllabus. in this presentation is most widely used for getting good knowledge about which above mentioned machining field, .....remaining units i will upload soon .... With Happiest moment i submit my materials to my students... Thank you ...
Wish you all the best for your successful carrier guys
The mixture of abrasive particles with high pressurised air impinges through the nozzle towards the brittle material.Abrasive jet machining is done by use of abrasives(AL2O3,SIC,SYNTHETIC DIAMOND,ETC.,) particles. The main components are nozzle,mixing chamber,dehumidifier,regulator and pressure gauge.
A4 Information Brochure for Australian EnviroblastMark Angus
A4 information brochure for print and online marketing for Australian Enviroblast in Adelaide. Copywriting and editorial design by Mark Angus for Cadogan and Hall.
Finishing and polishing of cast metal framework/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Comparators: Constructional features and operation of mechanical, optical, electrical/electronics and pneumatic comparators, advantages, limitations and field of applications
Principles of interference, concept of flatness, flatness testing, optical flats, optical interferometer and laser interferometer.
Surface texture measurement: importance of surface conditions, roughness and waviness, surface roughness standards specifying surface roughness parameters- Ra, Ry, Rz, RMS value etc., surface roughness measuring instruments – Tomlinson and Taylor Hobson versions, surface roughness symbols
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Mineral...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Minerals and Mineral Processing, Extractive Metallurgy, Ore Dressing, Minerals Engineering (Mining, Non – Ferrous Metals, Iron Ore Slimes, Limes, Limestone, Asbestos, Coal Beneficiation, Coal and Ore Fines, Ordinary Superphosphate, Ammonium Salts, Fertilizers)
Mineral is defined as a naturally occurring solid chemical substance formed through biogeochemical processes, having characteristic chemical composition, highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties. By comparison, a rock is an aggregate of minerals and/or mineraloids and does not have a specific chemical composition.
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Surface finish measurement (mechanical measurement and metrology)Navroz Navodia
THIS ppt is good for understanding basics of surface measurement, it is good for undergraduate students persuing their bachlors in engineering,
the content of this ppt are as under
1) Basic terminology
2)techniques for surface finish measurement
3)comparison techniques like (visual scratch touch microscopic etc inspections)
4)direct instrument like (profilograph profilometer taylor hobson etc)
5)effect of surface finish on material strength
refer to this ppt for quick revision
good for gtu students specially
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Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
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2. Cutting by abrasionCutting by abrasion
An abrasive is a material, often a mineral, that is used to shape or finish a
work piece through rubbing which leads to part of the work piece being
worn away.
Tool is often made of hard minerals diamond or corundum, however
softer one’s can also be used like calcium carbonate are used as abrasives,
such as "polishing agents" in toothpaste.
Abrasive substance is usually granular, gritty and sharp
3. Mechanics of abrasionMechanics of abrasion
These minerals are either crushed or are already of a sufficiently small size
(anywhere from macroscopic grains as large as about 2 mm to
microscopic grains about 0.001 mm in diameter) to permit their use as an
abrasive. These grains, commonly called grit, have rough edges, often
terminating in points which will decrease the surface area in contact and
increase the localised contact pressure. The abrasive and the material to
be worked are brought into contact while in relative motion to each
other. Force applied through the grains causes fragments of the worked
material to break away while simultaneously smoothing the abrasive grain
and/or causing the grain to work loose from the rest of the abrasive.
4. FACTORS AFFECTIONFACTORS AFFECTION
ABRASIONABRASION
Difference in hardness between the two substances: a much
harder abrasive will cut faster and deeper
Grain size (grit size): larger grains will cut faster as they also
cut deeper
Contact force: more force will cause faster abrasion
Loading: worn abrasive and cast off work material tends to
fill spaces between abrasive grains so reducing cutting
efficiency while increasing friction
Use of lubricant/coolant/metalworking fluid: Can carry away
swarf (preventing loading), transport heat (which may affect
the physical properties of the workpiece or the abrasive),
decrease friction (with the substrate or matrix), suspend
worn work material and abrasives allowing for a finer finish,
conduct stress to the work piece
.
7. Flame CuttingFlame Cutting
Flame cutting is a combustion process. It is not the heating flame itself that
does the actual cutting but an oxygen jet, which burns the material during
heat formation and transports the combustion products (slag) away from
the cut.
Before cutting can begin, the steel must be heated to ignition
temperature(combustion temperature) by means of a gas flame. The
choice of fuel gas affects cut quality and the time used for preheating.
When choosing a fuel gas, the thickness of the material must also be
considered.
When cutting, the purity of the oxygen is of huge importance to the
cutting speed. The purer the gas, the higher the cutting speed and the
better the productivity and cut quality.
The most important part of cutting equipment is the cutting nozzle. The
higher the outlet speed of the oxygen jet, the better the output of the
nozzle. In turn, the speed depends on the shape of the cutting nozzle.
Nowadays, nozzles with an expansion channel are often used, giving the
oxygen jet a high velocity.
8.
9. ParametersParameters
Proper cutting tip selection
Proper cutting oxygen pressure selection
Proper preheat
Proper cutting speed
Proper selection of the fuel gas
A gas supply system (both fuel gas and Oxygen)
that is sufficient to supply the quantity of gas
required at the pressure required.
10. In cutting a kerf Is formedIn cutting a kerf Is formed
11. Kerf for every process is different
Each cutting process removes a different amount
of material, or kerf. The more precise processes,
like waterjet and laser, remove a smaller amount
of kerf, which is one of the reasons they can be
more precise! A typical example shown here is
for 1/2” thick mild steel.
Plasma: 0.150”
Oxy-Fuel: 0.045”
Waterjet: 0.035”
Laser: 0.025”
14. Cutting is precise, neat and fast.
Laser cutting is best suited to high precision cutting of thin
pieces.The cut quality is so high that the pieces can be used
directly, or sent for further processing without the need for post-
cut finishing. Laser cutting is extensively used, especially by
mechanical engineering companies that serve the automotive
industry, as well as in the manufacturing of household equipment,
such as dishwashers, washing machines
16. The laser beam is a column of very high intensity light, of a single
wavelength, or color.
The beam is only about 3/4 of an inch in diameter as it travels from
the laser resonator, which creates the beam, through the machine’s
beam path. It may be bounced in different directions by a number of
mirrors, or “beam benders”, before it is finally focused onto the plate.
The focused laser beam goes through the bore of a nozzle right before
it hits the plate. Also flowing through that nozzle bore is a compressed
gas, such as Oxygen or Nitrogen.
Focusing the laser beam can be done by a special lens, or by a curved
mirror, and this takes place in the laser cutting head. The beam has to
be precisely focused so that the shape of the focus spot and the
density of the energy in that spot are perfectly round and consistent,
and centered in the nozzle.
By focusing the large beam down to a single pinpoint, the heat density
at that spot is extreme.
17. The high power density results in rapid heating, melting and partial
or complete vaporizing of the material. When cutting stainless
steel or aluminum, the laser beam simply melts the material, and
high pressure nitrogen is used to blow the molten metal out of the
kerf.
18. Water jet cuttingWater jet cutting
Cutting is operated by a concetrated jet
of water, approximately one tenth of a
millimetre in a diametre hich is propelled
at high pressure ( 5000 to 6000 bars) and
great speed(600 to 100 m/s).
The matter does not get wet at all during
cutting
19. AdvantagesAdvantages
It is a "cold" cutting process so the material being cut is
not subject to any thermal influence.
The extremely small cutting gap enables optimum
material exploitation.
Two- and three-dimensional cutting is possible.
The "waterjet" tool works independent of direction.
All materials including soft material can be cut.
Useful to cut food materials
21. While pure waterjet
cutting relies on the static
pressure of the compact
waterjet and the erosive
effect of the droplets in
order to cut the material,
in abrasive waterjet
applications there are the
solid particles incorporated
in the jet which cause
micro-cutting action on the
material – in this case the
waterjet serves merely to
accelerate the solid
particles.