The document discusses two types of layouts for manufacturing processes: product layout and process layout. Product layout arranges machines in a straight line based on the sequence of operations, allowing materials to move sequentially from one machine to the next. Process layout groups similar machines together to maximize machine utilization. The key advantages of product layout are smooth operations and low material handling costs, while the disadvantages include lack of flexibility and stoppage if a machine breaks down. Process layout is more suitable for non-standardized products in smaller quantities with design changes, and has higher material handling costs but avoids complete stoppage if a machine breaks down.

1. PRODUCT AND PROCESS
LAYOUT

2. PRODUCT LAYOUT
• Arranged in one line depending upon the sequence of operations.
• Materials move sequentially.
• Output of one machine becoming input of the next.
a) All the machine tools or other items of equipment's must be placed at the point
demanded by the sequence of operations
b) There should no points where one line crossed another line.
c) Materials may be fed where they are required for assembly but not necessarily at one
point.
d) All the operations including assembly, testing packing must be included in the line
PRINCIPLES OF GROUPING OF MACHINES

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DrillerAssemblyPaint shop

4. SUITABLITY• Mass production
of standardized
products
• Simple and
repetitive
manufacturing
process
• Operation time
for different
process is more
or less equal
• Continuous
supply of
materials
ADVANTAGES
• Smooth and
uninterrupted
operations
• Low cost of
material
handling, due
to absence of
backtracking
• Optimum use
of floor space
DISADVANTAGES
• Breakdown of one
machine will
hamper the whole
production process
• Lesser flexibility as
specially laid out
for particular
product.

5. PROCESS LAYOUT
Machines of a similar type are arranged together at one place.
The work, which has to be done, is allocated to the machines according to loading
schedules with the object of ensuring that each machine is fully loaded.
PRINCIPLES OF GROUPING OF MACHINES
a) The distance between departments should be as short as possible for avoiding long
distance movement of materials
b) The departments should be in sequence of operations
c) The arrangement should be convenient for inspection and supervision

7. SUITABLITY
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
• Products are not
standardized
• Quantity produced
is small
• There are frequent
changes in design
and style of
product
• Job shop type of
work is done
• Machines are very
expensive
• High degree of
machine
utilization.
• Change in output
design and
volume can be
more easily
• Breakdown of one
machine does not
result in complete
work stoppage.
• Material
handling
costs are high
due to
backtracking
• More skilled
labor is
required
resulting in
higher cost