This document presents information on different types of plant layouts. It discusses product layout where machines are arranged according to the sequence of operations for manufacturing. It involves grouping similar machines for varied processing, as in process layout. Fixed position layout keeps the large product stationary while bringing processes to it, exemplified by helicopter and nuclear engineering projects. The objectives and advantages and disadvantages of each layout type are outlined.

1. A
REPORT
ON
PLANT LAYOUT
PRESNTED BY:-SATYABRATA PRADHAN
KRUPAJAL BUSINESS SCHOOL
REGD NO.:-11KB009
BATCH.NO:-2011-13

2. Plant layout
� Meaning-
� Plant layout is the physical arrangement of
industrial facilities. It involves the allocation
of space & the arrangement of equipment in
such a manner that overall operating costs
are minimized.

3. Objectives of plant layout
1. Economies in materials, facilitate
manufacturing process & handling of semi-
finished & finished goods.
2. Proper & efficient utilization of available
floor space.
3. Provision of better supervision & control of
operations.
4. Careful planning to avoid frequent changes
in layout which may result in undue increase
in cost of production.
5. To provide adequate safety to the workers
from accidents.

4. Types of plant layout
1. Product layout
2. Process layout
3. Fixed Position/ Stationary layout

5. Product layout
◦ Layout that uses standardized processing
operations to achieve smooth, rapid, high-volume
flow
◦ Here machines are arranged acc. To the needs of
product & in the same sequence as the operations
are necessary for manufacture.

6. Product Layout
Raw Finished
Station Station Station Station
materials 1 2 3 4 item
or customer
Material Material Material Material
and/or and/or and/or and/or
labor labor labor labor
Used for Repetitive or Continuous Processing

7. Advantages of Product Layout
1. High rate of output
2. Low unit cost
3. Labor specialization
4. Low material handling cost
5. High utilization of labor and equipment
6. Short processing time

8. Disadvantages of Product Layout
1. Poorly skilled workers may not maintain
equipment or quality of output
2. Fairly inflexible to changes in volume
3. Needs preventive maintenance
4. Require large capital investment

9. Process layout
◦ Layout that can handle varied processing
requirements.
◦ Here all machines performing similar type of
operations are grouped together at one location in
the process layout. Thus here facilities are grouped
together acc.
◦ To their functions. E.g. all drilling machines are
located at one place known as drilling section.

10. Process Layout
Milling
Assembly
Grinding
& Test
Drilling Plating
Process Layout - work travels
to dedicated process centers

11. Advantages of Process Layouts
1. Can handle a variety of processing
requirements
2. Machines breakdown doesn’t result in
shutdown.
3. Equipment used is less costly.
4. Each production unit of system works
independently.
5. High utilization of facilities

12. Disadvantages of Process Layouts
1. In-process inventory costs can be high
2. Equipment utilization rates are low
3. Material handling is slow and inefficient & is
more.
4. More space is required
5. Longer processing time
6. Back tracking may occur.

13. Fixed position layout
� Layout in which the product or project
remains stationary, and workers, materials,
and equipment are moved as needed. E.g.
� Employed in large project type organisation
� Helicopter
� Nuclear engg. Division of BHEL(Bharat Heavy
Electricals Lit. )
The product, because of its size and/or weight,
remains in one location and processes are
brought to it.