This document discusses different types of facility layouts and process-oriented layouts. It lists advantages of process-oriented layouts such as handling a variety of processing requirements and using less costly equipment. However, it also lists disadvantages like high in-process inventory costs, challenging routing and scheduling, and low equipment utilization rates. The document categorizes process-oriented layouts in the service industry into four levels based on customization, volume, and process characteristics - from customized low-volume products to high-volume standardized commodity products with continuous flows.

2. Retail layout

3. Fixed-position layout

4. Product-oriented layout

5. Work-cell layout Process-oriented layout

7. Not particularly vulnerable to equipment failures

8. Equipment used is less costly

10. Challenging routing and scheduling

11. Equipment utilization rates are low

12. Material handling slow and inefficient

13. Complexities often reduce span of supervision

14. Special attention for each product or customer

16. Less customization and higher volume (1) (2) (3) (4) Low-volume Multiple products with low Few major High volume, high products, made to moderate volume products, standardization,to customer higher commodity order volume products Process Characteristics (1) Customized process, with flexible and unique sequence of tasks (2) Disconnected line flows, moderately complex work (3) Connected line, highly repetitive work (4) Continuous flows Less complexity, less divergence, and more line flows Projects FIXED POSITION Job Shop PROCESS ORIENTED Batch Process PRODUCT ORIENTED Continuous Flow