Poverty In India(Its impact and solution)Shivam Pandey
Poverty is defined as lacking access to education, shelter, food, healthcare, and employment opportunities. Around 25% of India's population lives below the poverty line, with large state-by-state variations. High population growth, corruption, unemployment, and failure to implement government policies effectively all contribute to India's poverty issues. Poverty has wide-ranging impacts on health, hunger, disease burden, and lack of development. Proposed solutions include improving education, healthcare access, sanitation, and economic growth opportunities.
This document discusses various methods used to measure poverty, including absolute and relative poverty. It defines absolute poverty as the minimal requirements for food, clothing, shelter, etc., while relative poverty compares standard of living to the average in a society. Absolute measures discussed include poverty lines for food and non-food costs, as well as the national poverty line. The document also examines the human poverty index and criticisms of poverty lines. Relative poverty is measured using Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficient, which indicate inequality in household income distribution. Other indexes used by the World Bank to measure poverty are also listed.
Poverty and unemployment in india by Abhishek Lahiryabhisheklahiry
The document discusses the concepts of poverty and unemployment in India, their relationship, and efforts to reduce them. It provides historical data showing that poverty in India peaked in the 1960s and has declined since economic reforms in the 1990s, but still impacts hundreds of millions who lack basic necessities. Unemployment rates average around 9% and are caused by factors like population growth, low agricultural productivity, and lack of skills training. Several government programs have aimed to reduce poverty through rural development, employment guarantees, and self-employment initiatives, but more remains to be done to educate citizens and implement effective policies.
This document provides an overview of poverty in India, including key statistics and information. It discusses that over 27.5% of India's population lives below the poverty line, with 75% living in rural areas. Rural poverty is caused by factors like rapid population growth, lack of capital, illiteracy, and lack of job opportunities outside of agriculture. The document also addresses urban poverty in India and government initiatives to address employment, housing, and other issues. It concludes by emphasizing the need to continue efforts to alleviate poverty in India.
This document discusses rural unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and outlines unemployment rates in various countries. Rural unemployment is defined as able-bodied persons willing to work being unable to find employment. The main types of unemployment discussed are seasonal, structural, and disguised unemployment. The document then examines the causes of rural unemployment in India, including rapid population growth, pressure on agricultural land, and poverty. Finally, the consequences of rural unemployment are mentioned, such as wastage of human resources and increased pressure on scarce resources.
The document discusses the concept of poverty and poverty lines. It defines poverty as the inability to afford basic necessities for survival. The poverty line is based on minimum calorie intake, with the international standard being 2300 calories per day. In India, the poverty line is defined as 2400 calories in rural areas and 2100 in urban areas. The document then discusses estimates of poverty levels in India from various organizations over time, showing a decline in poverty but with significant portions of the population still below the poverty line. It also lists various government schemes aimed at poverty alleviation and employment generation in rural and urban areas of India.
This short essay discusses the issue of poverty in Nepal. Despite a number of poverty-reduction programs run by a myriad of actors, poverty in Nepal is still rampant, and the country remains one of the poorest countries in the world. In this essay, I argue that many poverty alleviation programs in Nepal failed because they isolated poverty as an economic and growth problem, whereas, poverty should have been identified and tackled as a political and a human rights issue. I begin the essay by briefly sharing my own experience of poverty while growing up in rural Nepal. I, then, explore the overall poverty scenario in Nepal and analyze a few major causes and consequences of poverty in the country. After offering an overview of poverty reduction approaches in Nepal, I conclude the essay with a few recommendations intended for organizations and policymakers formulating poverty-alleviation strategies in Nepal.
Poverty In India(Its impact and solution)Shivam Pandey
Poverty is defined as lacking access to education, shelter, food, healthcare, and employment opportunities. Around 25% of India's population lives below the poverty line, with large state-by-state variations. High population growth, corruption, unemployment, and failure to implement government policies effectively all contribute to India's poverty issues. Poverty has wide-ranging impacts on health, hunger, disease burden, and lack of development. Proposed solutions include improving education, healthcare access, sanitation, and economic growth opportunities.
This document discusses various methods used to measure poverty, including absolute and relative poverty. It defines absolute poverty as the minimal requirements for food, clothing, shelter, etc., while relative poverty compares standard of living to the average in a society. Absolute measures discussed include poverty lines for food and non-food costs, as well as the national poverty line. The document also examines the human poverty index and criticisms of poverty lines. Relative poverty is measured using Lorenz curves and the Gini coefficient, which indicate inequality in household income distribution. Other indexes used by the World Bank to measure poverty are also listed.
Poverty and unemployment in india by Abhishek Lahiryabhisheklahiry
The document discusses the concepts of poverty and unemployment in India, their relationship, and efforts to reduce them. It provides historical data showing that poverty in India peaked in the 1960s and has declined since economic reforms in the 1990s, but still impacts hundreds of millions who lack basic necessities. Unemployment rates average around 9% and are caused by factors like population growth, low agricultural productivity, and lack of skills training. Several government programs have aimed to reduce poverty through rural development, employment guarantees, and self-employment initiatives, but more remains to be done to educate citizens and implement effective policies.
This document provides an overview of poverty in India, including key statistics and information. It discusses that over 27.5% of India's population lives below the poverty line, with 75% living in rural areas. Rural poverty is caused by factors like rapid population growth, lack of capital, illiteracy, and lack of job opportunities outside of agriculture. The document also addresses urban poverty in India and government initiatives to address employment, housing, and other issues. It concludes by emphasizing the need to continue efforts to alleviate poverty in India.
This document discusses rural unemployment in India. It defines unemployment and outlines unemployment rates in various countries. Rural unemployment is defined as able-bodied persons willing to work being unable to find employment. The main types of unemployment discussed are seasonal, structural, and disguised unemployment. The document then examines the causes of rural unemployment in India, including rapid population growth, pressure on agricultural land, and poverty. Finally, the consequences of rural unemployment are mentioned, such as wastage of human resources and increased pressure on scarce resources.
The document discusses the concept of poverty and poverty lines. It defines poverty as the inability to afford basic necessities for survival. The poverty line is based on minimum calorie intake, with the international standard being 2300 calories per day. In India, the poverty line is defined as 2400 calories in rural areas and 2100 in urban areas. The document then discusses estimates of poverty levels in India from various organizations over time, showing a decline in poverty but with significant portions of the population still below the poverty line. It also lists various government schemes aimed at poverty alleviation and employment generation in rural and urban areas of India.
This short essay discusses the issue of poverty in Nepal. Despite a number of poverty-reduction programs run by a myriad of actors, poverty in Nepal is still rampant, and the country remains one of the poorest countries in the world. In this essay, I argue that many poverty alleviation programs in Nepal failed because they isolated poverty as an economic and growth problem, whereas, poverty should have been identified and tackled as a political and a human rights issue. I begin the essay by briefly sharing my own experience of poverty while growing up in rural Nepal. I, then, explore the overall poverty scenario in Nepal and analyze a few major causes and consequences of poverty in the country. After offering an overview of poverty reduction approaches in Nepal, I conclude the essay with a few recommendations intended for organizations and policymakers formulating poverty-alleviation strategies in Nepal.
Harris-Todaro Migration Model and it's Applicability in BangladeshMohaiminul Islam
This document presents on the Harris-Todaro Migration Model and its applicability in Bangladesh. It provides background on the model, which was developed in response to rural-urban migration despite high urban unemployment. The model predicts that expected incomes across rural and urban sectors will equalize when factoring informal work. While the model applies to Bangladesh due to wage differentials and higher earning potential in cities, push factors like natural disasters and marriage are also significant drivers of migration in Bangladesh. Therefore, the Harris-Todaro model explains some migration patterns but not completely for Bangladesh.
Inequality, Economic Growth and Developmenttutor2u
The document discusses inequality, economic growth, and development. It covers several topics: Kuznets and income inequality; real income growth in the USA and top income shares; a global perspective on inequality between 1988-2008 showing rising incomes for the middle class in China and India. It also discusses the root causes of inequality like less progressive tax systems and market failures in education and housing. Strategies to reduce inequality include investing in education, pursuing inclusive pro-poor growth policies, and microfinance. Overall, the document examines inequality from various economic perspectives and proposes approaches to promote shared prosperity across populations.
Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. It is a multifaceted concept, which includes social, economic, and political elements. Poverty in Pakistan has fallen dramatically, independent bodies supported estimates of a considerable fall in the statistic by the 2007-08 fiscal year, when it was estimated that 17.2% of the total population lived below the poverty line
1. The document discusses the impact of subsidies on the Indian economy. It outlines various types of subsidies provided by the Indian government and their objectives such as redistributing income, promoting exports and agriculture, and providing food subsidies.
2. While subsidies have positive impacts like lower cost of living and farmers' welfare, they can also negatively impact efficiency and fiscal deficits. Over-subsidization can harm the environment and resource allocation.
3. However, the document argues that subsidies are necessary for India as a developing nation with large populations in poverty and low literacy. Subsidies aim to promote agriculture and exports. While better implementation is needed, slow cutbacks on subsidies are also important to avoid
The document provides an overview of Nepal's economy through several presentations. It notes that Nepal has a growing GDP but remains one of the poorest countries in the world, ranked 207th out of 229 countries for per capita income. The services sector now contributes the most to GDP at 53.2%, followed by agriculture at 31.7% and industry at 15.1%. Nepal experienced a major earthquake in 2015 that caused $5.15 billion in damages, $1.9 billion in losses, and pushed 3% of the population into poverty, slashing projected GDP growth by over 1.5 percentage points. More recently, an economic blockade caused Nepal to experience negative economic growth for the first time in 33 years, badly damaging all
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) provides a comprehensive measure of poverty by considering multiple deprivations across three dimensions: education, health, and standard of living. The MPI identifies anyone as multidimensionally poor if they are deprived in at least 30% of weighted indicators. Half of the world's poor according to the MPI live in South Asia, with India home to the largest number at over 400 million. Within India, states such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand have very high levels of multidimensional poverty.
This document summarizes information about poverty in Nepal. It defines poverty and notes that poverty is highest among lower castes and indigenous groups. National surveys found poverty rates decreased from 42% in 1995/96 to 31% in 2003/04, with rural poverty at 35% compared to 10% in urban areas. Main causes of poverty are listed as illiteracy, unemployment, lack of land, joint families with low income, poor infrastructure, low investment, and political instability. Recommended measures to reduce poverty include community participation, improving access to education, health programs, skill training, and income generation opportunities.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Human Development Index (HDI) and provides related data. The HDI measures development by combining indicators of life expectancy, education, and income. It discusses the components of the HDI - health (life expectancy), education (mean years of schooling and expected years), and standard of living (GNI per capita). Tables then rank countries by their HDI values and provide country-level data on the components. Other tables analyze inequality-adjusted HDI values and gender inequality.
Unemployment refers to willing workers without jobs who are physically fit, mentally sound, well-qualified, and willing to work at the prevailing wage rate. There are several types of unemployment including frictional unemployment from the time needed to find a job, structural unemployment due to skills mismatches, and cyclical unemployment caused by economic downturns. High unemployment is costly as it results in lost output and income for individuals and the overall economy. Governments aim to reduce unemployment through monetary and fiscal policies that seek to balance inflation and employment levels.
3rd Lecture delivered under the course - Poverty and Environment taught at the Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This presentation is part of a lesson on measuring disparities in wealth and development found at the following link : http://mcleankids.wetpaint.com/page/Measurements+of+Regional+and+Global+Disparities
There are three main measures of poverty:
1. The headcount index, which measures the proportion of the population that is poor in a simple count.
2. The poverty gap index, which adds up how far individuals fall below the poverty line on average, expressing this as a percentage of the poverty line.
3. The squared poverty gap index, which is a measure of poverty that takes into account inequality among the poor by weighting poverty gaps by the gaps themselves.
The document discusses unemployment in India. It provides current unemployment rates in India and by state. It defines unemployment and different types of unemployment such as seasonal, structural, cyclical, and technological unemployment. The major causes of unemployment in India include a large population, slow economic and industrial growth compared to population growth, the seasonal nature of agricultural work, the joint family system, and lack of education and job skills. Schemes to address unemployment include MGNREGA, which guarantees 100 days of paid work per year.
This document outlines the key points about poverty that learners should understand after a lesson. It defines poverty and differentiates between absolute and relative poverty. Chronic poverty is discussed as poverty that is passed down through generations. Characteristics of poverty mentioned include those living in rural areas, women, low levels of education, and high population growth. The effects of poverty discussed are limited life choices, negative health impacts, limited economic opportunities, decreased productivity, and increased domestic violence. Learners are assigned an activity to analyze poverty in their communities and suggest solutions.
This document discusses poverty in India, including its causes and the government's efforts to address it. It notes that while India has experienced high economic growth, large scale poverty remains a major issue, with over 350-400 million people living below the poverty line. Poverty is more prevalent in rural versus urban areas. The document outlines reasons for rural poverty such as population growth, illiteracy, the caste system, and lack of access to resources and opportunities. It also discusses urban poverty and the government's various programs aimed at reducing both rural and urban poverty. In conclusion, it emphasizes the need for effective implementation of anti-poverty policies and avoidance of political clashes that could undermine such efforts.
Lewis theory, Rani-Fie-Lewis Theory on unlimited supplies of Labour and Todaro Model of Rural Urban Migration are famous theories on Rural_Urban Migration in Development economics
Presentation on Poverty and its causes as well as effects due to it to the world
► Connect with me!
• Facebook - http://goo.gl/q3KRRn
• Twitter - http://goo.gl/Jtzs1c
• Youtube - http://goo.gl/m9hJJw
The document discusses unemployment in rural areas of India. It defines unemployment and describes the different types, including open unemployment during seasonal periods for farmers, concealed or disguised unemployment where more workers are employed than necessary, and educated rural unemployment where more people are educated than there are jobs. The main causes of rural unemployment are rapid population growth, small landholdings, seasonal agriculture, and lack of alternative employment opportunities. Some solutions proposed include improving agriculture through irrigation, crop rotation, and use of machinery; developing small industries; public works programs; and controlling population growth.
Poverty in India has declined significantly from 2004-2005 to 2009-2010, with the poverty rate falling from 37.2% to 29.8%. This reduction is attributed to increased government spending on rural welfare programs that provided money directly to people. Rural poverty declined faster than urban poverty during this period. However, India still has one of the largest poor populations in the world, with over 260 million people living below the poverty line, the majority residing in rural areas where agriculture is the main occupation. Efforts to further reduce poverty focus on increasing economic growth, agricultural production, infrastructure development, education, and social programs.
Trickle-down economics proposes that tax breaks and benefits for wealthy individuals and corporations will trickle down to poorer people in the form of job opportunities and economic growth. The document discusses arguments for and against whether agricultural growth in India through the 1970s benefited the poor through trickle-down effects. Supporters argue growth increased rural incomes, while critics like Bardhan argue new technologies disadvantaged laborers and small farmers, limiting benefits for the poor. While some link between growth and poverty reduction may have existed, critics argue agricultural expansion over the last two decades through technology has not reduced poverty as much as supporters claim.
This document discusses two major problems in macroeconomics: unemployment and poverty. It defines unemployment as people who are willing and able to work but cannot find jobs. Several types of unemployment are described, including frictional, cyclical, and structural unemployment. Unemployment rates are explained as well as how they are measured. Poverty is also defined and different types like absolute and relative poverty are outlined. Criteria for measuring both unemployment and poverty are provided.
This document discusses poverty around the world and its causes and effects. It notes that poverty means lack of access to food, healthcare, education, and freedom. It then lists several factors that contribute to poverty in India, such as overpopulation, low agricultural productivity, corruption, and high population growth. Other global causes of poverty mentioned include rapid population growth, unemployment, inefficient industries and agriculture, economic recessions, and disability. The document concludes by recommending solutions like population control, self-employment, reducing corruption, improving education, increasing agricultural productivity, and developing a better economy.
Harris-Todaro Migration Model and it's Applicability in BangladeshMohaiminul Islam
This document presents on the Harris-Todaro Migration Model and its applicability in Bangladesh. It provides background on the model, which was developed in response to rural-urban migration despite high urban unemployment. The model predicts that expected incomes across rural and urban sectors will equalize when factoring informal work. While the model applies to Bangladesh due to wage differentials and higher earning potential in cities, push factors like natural disasters and marriage are also significant drivers of migration in Bangladesh. Therefore, the Harris-Todaro model explains some migration patterns but not completely for Bangladesh.
Inequality, Economic Growth and Developmenttutor2u
The document discusses inequality, economic growth, and development. It covers several topics: Kuznets and income inequality; real income growth in the USA and top income shares; a global perspective on inequality between 1988-2008 showing rising incomes for the middle class in China and India. It also discusses the root causes of inequality like less progressive tax systems and market failures in education and housing. Strategies to reduce inequality include investing in education, pursuing inclusive pro-poor growth policies, and microfinance. Overall, the document examines inequality from various economic perspectives and proposes approaches to promote shared prosperity across populations.
Poverty is general scarcity or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of material possessions or money. It is a multifaceted concept, which includes social, economic, and political elements. Poverty in Pakistan has fallen dramatically, independent bodies supported estimates of a considerable fall in the statistic by the 2007-08 fiscal year, when it was estimated that 17.2% of the total population lived below the poverty line
1. The document discusses the impact of subsidies on the Indian economy. It outlines various types of subsidies provided by the Indian government and their objectives such as redistributing income, promoting exports and agriculture, and providing food subsidies.
2. While subsidies have positive impacts like lower cost of living and farmers' welfare, they can also negatively impact efficiency and fiscal deficits. Over-subsidization can harm the environment and resource allocation.
3. However, the document argues that subsidies are necessary for India as a developing nation with large populations in poverty and low literacy. Subsidies aim to promote agriculture and exports. While better implementation is needed, slow cutbacks on subsidies are also important to avoid
The document provides an overview of Nepal's economy through several presentations. It notes that Nepal has a growing GDP but remains one of the poorest countries in the world, ranked 207th out of 229 countries for per capita income. The services sector now contributes the most to GDP at 53.2%, followed by agriculture at 31.7% and industry at 15.1%. Nepal experienced a major earthquake in 2015 that caused $5.15 billion in damages, $1.9 billion in losses, and pushed 3% of the population into poverty, slashing projected GDP growth by over 1.5 percentage points. More recently, an economic blockade caused Nepal to experience negative economic growth for the first time in 33 years, badly damaging all
The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) provides a comprehensive measure of poverty by considering multiple deprivations across three dimensions: education, health, and standard of living. The MPI identifies anyone as multidimensionally poor if they are deprived in at least 30% of weighted indicators. Half of the world's poor according to the MPI live in South Asia, with India home to the largest number at over 400 million. Within India, states such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand have very high levels of multidimensional poverty.
This document summarizes information about poverty in Nepal. It defines poverty and notes that poverty is highest among lower castes and indigenous groups. National surveys found poverty rates decreased from 42% in 1995/96 to 31% in 2003/04, with rural poverty at 35% compared to 10% in urban areas. Main causes of poverty are listed as illiteracy, unemployment, lack of land, joint families with low income, poor infrastructure, low investment, and political instability. Recommended measures to reduce poverty include community participation, improving access to education, health programs, skill training, and income generation opportunities.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Human Development Index (HDI) and provides related data. The HDI measures development by combining indicators of life expectancy, education, and income. It discusses the components of the HDI - health (life expectancy), education (mean years of schooling and expected years), and standard of living (GNI per capita). Tables then rank countries by their HDI values and provide country-level data on the components. Other tables analyze inequality-adjusted HDI values and gender inequality.
Unemployment refers to willing workers without jobs who are physically fit, mentally sound, well-qualified, and willing to work at the prevailing wage rate. There are several types of unemployment including frictional unemployment from the time needed to find a job, structural unemployment due to skills mismatches, and cyclical unemployment caused by economic downturns. High unemployment is costly as it results in lost output and income for individuals and the overall economy. Governments aim to reduce unemployment through monetary and fiscal policies that seek to balance inflation and employment levels.
3rd Lecture delivered under the course - Poverty and Environment taught at the Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This presentation is part of a lesson on measuring disparities in wealth and development found at the following link : http://mcleankids.wetpaint.com/page/Measurements+of+Regional+and+Global+Disparities
There are three main measures of poverty:
1. The headcount index, which measures the proportion of the population that is poor in a simple count.
2. The poverty gap index, which adds up how far individuals fall below the poverty line on average, expressing this as a percentage of the poverty line.
3. The squared poverty gap index, which is a measure of poverty that takes into account inequality among the poor by weighting poverty gaps by the gaps themselves.
The document discusses unemployment in India. It provides current unemployment rates in India and by state. It defines unemployment and different types of unemployment such as seasonal, structural, cyclical, and technological unemployment. The major causes of unemployment in India include a large population, slow economic and industrial growth compared to population growth, the seasonal nature of agricultural work, the joint family system, and lack of education and job skills. Schemes to address unemployment include MGNREGA, which guarantees 100 days of paid work per year.
This document outlines the key points about poverty that learners should understand after a lesson. It defines poverty and differentiates between absolute and relative poverty. Chronic poverty is discussed as poverty that is passed down through generations. Characteristics of poverty mentioned include those living in rural areas, women, low levels of education, and high population growth. The effects of poverty discussed are limited life choices, negative health impacts, limited economic opportunities, decreased productivity, and increased domestic violence. Learners are assigned an activity to analyze poverty in their communities and suggest solutions.
This document discusses poverty in India, including its causes and the government's efforts to address it. It notes that while India has experienced high economic growth, large scale poverty remains a major issue, with over 350-400 million people living below the poverty line. Poverty is more prevalent in rural versus urban areas. The document outlines reasons for rural poverty such as population growth, illiteracy, the caste system, and lack of access to resources and opportunities. It also discusses urban poverty and the government's various programs aimed at reducing both rural and urban poverty. In conclusion, it emphasizes the need for effective implementation of anti-poverty policies and avoidance of political clashes that could undermine such efforts.
Lewis theory, Rani-Fie-Lewis Theory on unlimited supplies of Labour and Todaro Model of Rural Urban Migration are famous theories on Rural_Urban Migration in Development economics
Presentation on Poverty and its causes as well as effects due to it to the world
► Connect with me!
• Facebook - http://goo.gl/q3KRRn
• Twitter - http://goo.gl/Jtzs1c
• Youtube - http://goo.gl/m9hJJw
The document discusses unemployment in rural areas of India. It defines unemployment and describes the different types, including open unemployment during seasonal periods for farmers, concealed or disguised unemployment where more workers are employed than necessary, and educated rural unemployment where more people are educated than there are jobs. The main causes of rural unemployment are rapid population growth, small landholdings, seasonal agriculture, and lack of alternative employment opportunities. Some solutions proposed include improving agriculture through irrigation, crop rotation, and use of machinery; developing small industries; public works programs; and controlling population growth.
Poverty in India has declined significantly from 2004-2005 to 2009-2010, with the poverty rate falling from 37.2% to 29.8%. This reduction is attributed to increased government spending on rural welfare programs that provided money directly to people. Rural poverty declined faster than urban poverty during this period. However, India still has one of the largest poor populations in the world, with over 260 million people living below the poverty line, the majority residing in rural areas where agriculture is the main occupation. Efforts to further reduce poverty focus on increasing economic growth, agricultural production, infrastructure development, education, and social programs.
Trickle-down economics proposes that tax breaks and benefits for wealthy individuals and corporations will trickle down to poorer people in the form of job opportunities and economic growth. The document discusses arguments for and against whether agricultural growth in India through the 1970s benefited the poor through trickle-down effects. Supporters argue growth increased rural incomes, while critics like Bardhan argue new technologies disadvantaged laborers and small farmers, limiting benefits for the poor. While some link between growth and poverty reduction may have existed, critics argue agricultural expansion over the last two decades through technology has not reduced poverty as much as supporters claim.
This document discusses two major problems in macroeconomics: unemployment and poverty. It defines unemployment as people who are willing and able to work but cannot find jobs. Several types of unemployment are described, including frictional, cyclical, and structural unemployment. Unemployment rates are explained as well as how they are measured. Poverty is also defined and different types like absolute and relative poverty are outlined. Criteria for measuring both unemployment and poverty are provided.
This document discusses poverty around the world and its causes and effects. It notes that poverty means lack of access to food, healthcare, education, and freedom. It then lists several factors that contribute to poverty in India, such as overpopulation, low agricultural productivity, corruption, and high population growth. Other global causes of poverty mentioned include rapid population growth, unemployment, inefficient industries and agriculture, economic recessions, and disability. The document concludes by recommending solutions like population control, self-employment, reducing corruption, improving education, increasing agricultural productivity, and developing a better economy.
Poverty is defined as a financial condition where people cannot maintain a minimum standard of living due to inadequate income. Unemployment also plays a role in poverty by reducing employment opportunities and income. According to recent Indian government estimates, approximately 38% of India's population, or 380 million people, live in poverty conditions as defined by the money required to purchase 2100 calories of food in urban areas or 2400 calories in rural areas.
POVERTY , INEQUAITY & UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIAHarshit Gupta
The document discusses poverty in India, including definitions of poverty, measurements of poverty lines, and statistics related to poverty levels. Some key points:
- India has a large population living in poverty despite high economic growth. Over 20% of the world's poorest people live in India.
- Poverty is measured using both relative and absolute definitions related to income levels and access to necessities.
- Rural poverty rates are higher than urban rates, and some states have much higher poverty levels than others. Factors perpetuating poverty include lack of infrastructure, education, and economic opportunities.
- The government employs various programs aimed at reducing rural and urban poverty. However, poverty and unemployment remain significant
This document provides an overview and summary of unemployment in India presented by Abhishek Agrawal. It begins with defining unemployment and noting India's large unemployment and poverty issues. It then discusses different types of unemployment including frictional, voluntary, casual, chronic, seasonal, disguised, structural, cyclical, and technological unemployment. It also examines the nature of unemployment in India including industrial, urban, rural, educated and disguised unemployment. The document outlines ways to measure unemployment and concludes by reviewing some of the key causes of unemployment in India such as jobless growth, increasing labor force, inappropriate technology, and educational system.
REASONS OF IRREGULAR ECONOMIC DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA !!!!Suraj Patwal
This document discusses unemployment and poverty in India. It begins by defining unemployment and listing its causes such as rapid population growth, a seasonal agriculture industry, and a defective education system. The effects of unemployment include loss of human resources, increased poverty, social problems, political instability, and exploitation of laborers. The types of unemployment include open, under, educated, industrial, rural, urban, seasonal, frictional, structural, and cyclical unemployment. Suggestions to address unemployment include controlling population growth, establishing a national employment policy, strengthening the IT sector, promoting rural non-farm activities, increasing industrialization, and changing the education system. The government has taken steps such as the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Y
Illiteracy, poverty, unemployment, and population growth are issues discussed in the document. These socioeconomic problems can negatively impact a population if not addressed properly. The brief document seems to list out some key challenges faced by a community without providing further details or context about the issues.
Poverty is defined as a lack of basic human needs like food, water, shelter, clothing, healthcare and education. Absolute poverty refers to not being able to afford basic resources for survival, while relative poverty is defined within a given context or society. Over 1 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, and poverty disproportionately impacts those in rural areas and developing countries. Poverty can be addressed through government programs that generate employment, improve education, infrastructure and social services, and promote sustainable development.
The budget allocates funds across several key sectors of the Indian economy. It aims to double farmer incomes by 2022 by allocating Rs. 35,984 crore for agriculture and providing irrigation for 28.5 lakh hectares at a cost of Rs. 17,000 crore. It also increases allocations for rural development, social sectors like education and healthcare, and infrastructure development. While some taxes are increased on tobacco, luxury goods, and diesel vehicles, individual taxpayers below Rs. 5 lakh annual income and senior citizens receiving medical insurance of Rs. 130,000 will receive relief.
This document discusses poverty in India, defining poverty and poverty line. It notes that roughly 260 million people in India live below the poverty line, meaning their income or consumption is insufficient to meet basic needs. The document also examines social exclusion as both a cause and consequence of poverty. It describes how certain groups, such as members of backward castes or widows, are more vulnerable to becoming or remaining poor. The document provides statistics on poverty rates in various countries and discusses some of the key causes of poverty in India, as well as several major anti-poverty programs implemented by the Indian government.
This document provides an overview of Nepal's economy. It notes that Nepal is a landlocked country bordered by China and India. It has a population of over 26 million people and an average economic growth rate of 3.51% over the past decade. Agriculture is the backbone of Nepal's economy, engaging over 73% of the labor force. However, productivity is low and Nepal relies on imports from neighboring countries. The document also discusses Nepal's trade deficit, inflation rates, potential for hydropower and tourism, and opportunities in export industries and agriculture.
The document discusses expectations for India's 2016-2017 Union Budget. Key points include:
- Challenges meeting fiscal deficit targets and addressing stressed public sector banks.
- Expectations for strengthening banks, reducing corporate taxes, and continuing initiatives like Make in India and subsidy reforms.
- Hopes for boosting infrastructure spending, returning to fiscal consolidation, and tax reform ahead of a new goods and services tax.
- Views that extra-budgetary sources rather than fiscal slippage should fund increased capital expenditures.
The document discusses urbanization in the context of Nepal. It defines urbanization and traces its history in Nepal. Some key points made include:
- Urbanization in Nepal is defined as the transformation of rural areas into urban form through connections to transportation and growth.
- The benefits of urbanization include access to amenities, economic growth, and better living conditions.
- Urbanization is happening rapidly in Nepal and is an important part of the country's economic and social changes. However, rapid urbanization also faces challenges like unemployment, poverty, and environmental impacts.
- Improving urban governance, legal frameworks, and long-term planning will help ensure urbanization in Nepal is sustainable and beneficial.
The Young Engineers Association of Pakistan (YEA) was formed to address the growing problem of unemployment among engineers in Pakistan. Unemployment has risen to 8.3% and lack of opportunities and guidance for fresh graduates are major contributing factors. YEA aims to provide a platform for engineers to advocate for their needs and interests, including pleading with universities to provide mandatory internships and help with job placement, ensuring engineers are not exploited with low salaries, and reforming various fees and standards.
Labor relations and labor regulations in nepalNitesh Dubedi
The document discusses labour relations and regulations in Nepal. It begins by defining labour relations and its key concepts, objectives, and actors which include employees, trade unions, employers, and the government. It then defines trade unions, their functions, types, and reasons for joining them. Some of the key points covered include enhancing employee economic status and resolving industrial conflicts as objectives of labour relations. The document also outlines the collective bargaining process and causes and settlement provisions for labour disputes.
The document discusses unemployment, defining it as a lack of jobs for those able and willing to work at the prevailing wage. It outlines the main types of unemployment including frictional, structural, cyclical, and search unemployment. The nature and reasons for unemployment in India are examined, including rapid population growth, changing technology, demand for skilled labor, and illiteracy. The effects of unemployment are explored at both the social level, such as civil unrest, and the individual level including mental stress and loss of self-esteem. The document also discusses methods for measuring and comparing unemployment rates in India and other countries. Potential solutions and government policies for reducing unemployment are proposed.
Zapreneur proposals for youth unemployment naledi panelZapreneur
Argues that youth unemployment in South Africa must be recognised as a manifestation of a wider poverty trap in South Africa. Proposes that strategies to expand social security, community works and asset building must be considered.
Reasons for growing unemployment in pakistannight seem
Unemployment is a major problem in Pakistan, with over 30 lakh people unemployed and a rate over 12%. The largest reasons for unemployment are (i) the backwardness of the agriculture sector due to outdated machinery and lack of investment, and (ii) underdevelopment of the industrial sector due to electricity issues and low demand for products. Additional factors include a defective education system that does not prepare workers, high population growth, political instability, and reliance on loans that burden the economy. Unemployment will continue unless consistent economic planning and policies are implemented to boost investment and development.
Neglect involves failure to meet a child's basic needs like food, shelter, hygiene, medical care, and supervision. Physical abuse causes physical harm or injury through severe discipline, aggression, or violence. Sexual abuse involves inappropriate body contact, exposure to sexual situations, and nearly 60% is done by parents or relatives. Psychological and emotional abuse rejects, isolates, terrorizes, or corrupts a child through shaming, threatening, and showing no affection. Child abuse cases are still increasing in the US, and recognizing signs of abuse and intervening is important to end the cycle of maltreatment.
A STUDY ON POVERTY CONCEPTS AND PERSPECTIVES CONCEPTUAL PAPERPedro Craggett
This document summarizes perspectives on poverty concepts from different sources. It discusses how poverty is defined by various organizations like the UN, World Bank, and in Malaysia. Absolute poverty refers to a lack of basic needs, while relative poverty means having fewer resources than others in a society. The document also outlines perspectives from economics, sociology, politics, and health on what poverty means in terms of access to resources, rights, empowerment, and health risks. It concludes that the Malaysian government uses concepts of absolute poverty, absolute hardcore poverty (income half the poverty line), and relative poverty.
Poverty and unemployment in india by Abhishek Lahiryabhisheklahiry
The document discusses the concepts of poverty and unemployment in India, their relationship, and efforts to reduce them. It provides historical data showing that poverty in India peaked in the 1960s and has declined since economic reforms in the 1990s, but still impacts hundreds of millions who lack basic necessities. Unemployment averages around 9% and is caused by factors like population growth, low agricultural productivity, and lack of skills development. Several government programs have aimed to reduce poverty through rural development, employment guarantees, and self-employment initiatives, but more remains to be done to educate citizens and implement effective policies.
This document is a term paper submitted for an Introduction to Sociology course analyzing the social causes of poverty. It begins with an introduction and methodology section describing the focus groups and data collection process. The descriptive results section then analyzes various social factors that can contribute to poverty, such as overpopulation, lack of education, unemployment, corruption, poor governance, and natural disasters. It discusses how these economic, political, and external factors can create and perpetuate poverty. The paper concludes by discussing potential roles for society in helping to decrease poverty.
The document discusses various definitions of poverty from different organizations. The World Bank defines poverty as an income level below what is needed to meet basic needs, with the poverty line varying by country and over time. The UN defines poverty as a denial of opportunities and human dignity. It means a lack of access to food, shelter, education, healthcare, land and jobs. The World Summit in 1995 characterized poverty as severe deprivation of basic human needs. Townsend defined poverty as lacking resources to participate in customary activities in one's society. The document also discusses absolute versus relative poverty, objective versus subjective perspectives, and different dimensions of poverty including deprivation, vulnerability, exclusion, and underdevelopment.
The document discusses various definitions of poverty from different organizations. The World Bank defines poverty as an income level below what is needed to meet basic needs, with the poverty line varying by country and over time. The UN defines poverty as a denial of opportunities and human dignity. It means a lack of access to food, shelter, education, healthcare, land and jobs. The World Summit in 1995 characterized poverty as severe deprivation of basic human needs. Townsend defined poverty as lacking resources to participate in customary activities in one's society. The document also discusses absolute versus relative poverty, objective versus subjective perspectives, and different dimensions of poverty including deprivation, vulnerability, exclusion, and underdevelopment.
The document discusses poverty and challenges achieving the Millennium Development Goals in Nigeria. It finds that a significant proportion of Nigeria's population lives in poverty despite its natural wealth, due to issues like bad governance, corruption, and ineffective poverty programs. While Nigeria has implemented various poverty reduction strategies for decades and joined the Millennium Development Goals in 2000 to eradicate extreme poverty by 2015, poverty persists and threatens achieving the goals. The paper recommends policies to overcome institutional constraints preventing realization of the goals.
This document is a sociology assignment submitted by Mohit Lilhare to their professor Dr. Deepika Gupta. It analyzes poverty as a social problem in India. It begins by thanking those who helped with the assignment, including defining key terms like social problems and poverty. It then discusses types of poverty, estimates of poverty in India, causes of poverty like population growth and colonial exploitation, and government programs to alleviate poverty like MGNREGA and Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana. It concludes that while poverty rates have decreased in India, a comprehensive approach is still needed to fully eradicate poverty.
Poverty has many negative effects and can perpetuate across generations. Children who grow up in poverty often face disadvantages in education and health that make it difficult to escape the cycle of poverty. They are more likely to fall behind in school and have worse educational and career outcomes. This in turn affects their ability to lift themselves and their own children out of poverty. Breaking the intergenerational cycle of poverty requires addressing the root causes and improving access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunity.
The document discusses factors that can affect children and child poverty in Australia. It addresses three main factors - economic, cultural, and social - that can impact children. These factors are related to the "birth lottery" and where a child is born. The document also discusses the challenges of a social action campaign aimed at raising awareness about child poverty in Australia, noting it was difficult to promote the issue to others. The experience relates to research that social actions can be difficult and their goals may prove too hard to attain, requiring a shift in strategies.
This document discusses challenges in poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. It begins with an introduction to poverty and its various types such as absolute poverty, relative poverty, situational poverty, and generational poverty. It then discusses the present status of poverty in Bangladesh and the vicious cycle of poverty. Various methods for poverty alleviation are presented, including education, health interventions, skills training, income redistribution, and microcredit. The role of NGOs, challenges they face in conducting poverty alleviation programs, and lack of sufficient funding are also summarized.
Poverty can negatively impact students' education in several ways. Living in poverty means having limited access to basic necessities like food, healthcare, and stable income which causes chronic stress that hinders learning. It is associated with worse academic performance, higher dropout rates, and lower rates of college enrollment. Educators can help by becoming more "poverty responsive" - recognizing student strengths, developing community partnerships, and teaching skills like language arts and study habits to promote academic success. While poverty reduction requires a long term, multi-faceted approach, schools can help mitigate its effects on children's education.
The document discusses poverty in India, including its causes, types, and government programs to address it. It defines poverty and notes that many Indians still live below the poverty line despite economic growth. The main causes of poverty discussed are lack of good jobs, education, conflict, lack of infrastructure, healthcare access, and overpopulation. The types of poverty described are absolute, relative, situational, generational, rural, and urban. The document also outlines several major Indian government programs aimed at reducing poverty, employment generation, and increasing access to resources for poor communities.
This document summarizes a study on developing a self-helping model for poverty alleviation among productive urban poor in Indonesia. The study assessed the impact of providing training to urban poor groups using modules tailored to their social psychology characteristics. The training modules focused on providing insights into developing income-generating opportunities. Results showed that after the training, the urban poor groups had improved knowledge of ways to increase their income and some developed new business ideas. The study aims to contribute to more effective poverty alleviation programs by matching interventions to the specific characteristics of different poor populations.
Microfinance for disabled people how is it contributingAlexander Decker
Microfinance institutions have traditionally overlooked disabled people and excluded them from mainstream lending programs. While microfinance aims to help the poor and vulnerable, there are few examples of programs specifically serving disabled populations. Some pilot programs have found that disabled people can be economically active and reliable clients when given access to financial services. However, simply providing loans is not enough - disabled clients also need additional support services. Mainstreaming disabled clients also poses challenges for microfinance institutions in terms of staff training and developing inclusive policies. Strategic partnerships with disability organizations could help improve access and financial inclusion for disabled communities.
This document discusses concepts of poverty, including definitions, dimensions, measurement, and monitoring of poverty. It begins by explaining that poverty has traditionally been viewed solely as a lack of income, but is now understood to have many dimensions beyond income. It then defines poverty according to various international organizations as the inability to meet basic needs or a minimum standard of living. The document outlines the monetary and non-monetary dimensions of poverty, and explains that while income is relatively straightforward to measure, non-income aspects like health, education, and vulnerability are more difficult to quantify. It describes the methods used to measure and monitor poverty in Cambodia, including setting poverty lines and tracking progress towards goals.
This document discusses concepts of poverty including definitions, dimensions, types, and causes. It defines poverty as a lack of material possessions or money necessary for survival with dignity. Poverty has various dimensions including income, security, education, health, and multiple deprivations. Absolute poverty refers to a threshold income level while relative poverty is defined in relation to others' living standards. Causes of poverty in India include rapidly rising population, low agricultural productivity, underutilized resources, low economic development rate, price rises, unemployment, lack of capital and entrepreneurship, social factors, and political factors such as the colonial and post-colonial governments' policies. Reducing poverty requires commitment of resources to improve opportunities through education, encourage work,
This document summarizes a study analyzing how social assistance in Turkey alleviates poverty. It begins with an abstract noting the increased significance of poverty globally and in Turkey. Social assistance aims to fill gaps in social security and provide savings and psycho-social benefits. The introduction discusses the historical context of poverty and Turkey's use of social assistance as a tool for alleviating poverty. It also outlines the structure of the study. The literature review finds limited research on the effects of social assistance on beneficiaries in Turkey. The conceptual frameworks of poverty and social assistance are examined. Data on poverty rates in Turkey from 1994-2009 are presented, showing decreases in extreme poverty but relative poverty remaining constant. The structure of Turkey's social assistance system, centered around the
This document discusses poverty and its causes. It notes that poverty refers to when basic needs like food, clothing, and shelter are not fulfilled. Common causes of poverty include lack of education and opportunity, overpopulation, natural disasters, and unemployment. The negative effects of poverty include dependence on others, poor nutrition, lack of career choice, stress, and low living standards. Solutions proposed are increasing job opportunities, improving transparency in social spending, and reforming education.
Similar to Presentation on poverty__unemployment_and_education_Nepal (20)
Broadly, a citation is a reference to a published or unpublished source (not always the original source). More precisely, a citation is an abbreviated alphanumeric expression embedded in the body of an intellectual work that denotes an entry in the bibliographic references section of the work for the purpose of acknowledging the relevance of the works of others to the topic of discussion at the spot where the citation appears.
Generally the combination of both the in-body citation and the bibliographic entry constitutes what is commonly thought of as a citation (whereas bibliographic entries by themselves are not).
References to single, machine-readable assertions in electronic scientific articles are known as nano-publications, a form of micro-attribution. Citation has several important purposes: to uphold intellectual honesty (or avoiding plagiarism), to attribute prior or unoriginal work and ideas to the correct sources, to allow the reader to determine independently whether the referenced material supports the author's argument in the claimed way, and to help the reader gauge the strength and validity of the material the author has used.
The process of developing a PRS varies greatly because it takes place in different countries, under different kinds of governments and circumstances. In general, though, the process can be thought of in terms of several phases, although certain elements, particularly participatory processes, may run throughout.
This document discusses urban mobility and poverty. It begins with an introduction to urbanization trends like rural to urban migration. It then covers different types of urban population movements such as gentrification, suburbanization, urban sprawl, and counter-urbanization. The document defines poverty and its dimensions. It identifies reasons for urban poverty such as urbanization, migration, and lack of education/jobs. It concludes by stating that basic services, women's participation, and community-led programs are essential for effective poverty alleviation strategies.
An urban area is characterized by higher population density and vast human features in comparison to areas surrounding it. Urban areas may be cities, towns or conurbations, but the term is not commonly extended to rural settlements such as villages. Any portion of earth’s surface where physical conditions are homogeneous can be considered as a Region in geographic sense, ranging from a single feature region to compage, depending on the
criteria used for delineation. In practice, a prefix is added to highlight the attributes on which the region has been defined, for example, agriculture region, resource region, city region, planning region.
All the daily activities of human beings are carried out on land. Proper organization of these activities i.e. planning will help the human being in leading a richer and fuller life in livable surroundings or environment. "Planning" means the scientific, aesthetic, and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities and services with a view to securing the physical, economic and social efficiency, health and well-being of urban and rural communities.
Squatters settle on land, especially public or unoccupied land, without legal right or title, whereas slums refer to highly congested urban areas marked by deteriorated housing and living conditions. The UN defines slums as neglected parts of cities with appallingly poor living conditions lacking basic services. While strategies in the past tried to address slums through public housing and upgrading, problems have grown due to various issues such as lack of funding, interest, and tenure security for squatters. Effective slum upgrading requires local participation, affordability, sustainability, and provision of basic infrastructure like sanitation, roads/drainage, and water supply.
This document discusses tools to support transparency in local urban governance. It notes the global trend of urbanization and challenges of increasing poverty, unsustainable development patterns, and limited local government capacity. New approaches emphasize good governance, local authorities as enablers, partnerships, and inclusiveness. Promising innovations need scaling up. Key ingredients for inclusive cities are good urban governance and tools that support principles like sustainability, equity and civic engagement. These include participatory budgeting, decision making, and local dialogues. Expected outcomes are more equitable services, accountability, legitimacy, and resources.
This document discusses planning for low carbon development in cities. It notes that cities account for a large portion of global energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions due to their concentration of industry, infrastructure and population. The growth and form of cities influences their energy demands and emissions. Planning for energy efficient urban systems, buildings, transportation and land use can help reduce a city's carbon footprint and transition to more sustainable development. The challenges include developing policies and capacity to integrate energy and environmental concerns into urban planning.
This document discusses rural-urban linkages and public-private partnerships. It defines rural-urban linkages as two-way flows of people, goods, capital, and other transactions between rural and urban areas that create interdependencies. Social cohesion is defined from both academic and policy perspectives. A conceptual framework is presented showing how rural-urban linkages, social capital, and governance arrangements can reinforce shared identity and reduce inequalities. The document also discusses measuring social cohesion, operationalizing rural-urban linkages through areas like labor markets and migration, and the potential for rural-urban partnership working.
Urban sprawl is characterized by low-density, auto-dependent development outside of urban centers that consumes excessive land. It lacks diversity in transportation and housing options and results in fragmented open spaces between scattered development. Sprawl is driven by consumer preferences for large homes and yards, business preferences for highway access, and land use and tax policies that promote low-density development. The impacts of sprawl include increased auto dependency, pollution, and commuting times as well as isolation of populations. It also results in higher public costs, economic disinvestment in urban centers, and environmental impacts like loss of habitat and farmland.
This document discusses the role of civil society in urban planning and development. It addresses several key points: 1) The importance of mainstreaming adaptation strategies into urban planning and governance processes; 2) The roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders like government, private sector, and civil society; 3) Challenges around coordination, participation, capacity, and partnerships. Overall, the document emphasizes the critical role civil society and community participation can play in urban development and resilience efforts.
This document discusses policies related to planning and development in India. It covers national urban policies from 2007, various government and non-government organizations involved in urban development at national and international levels, the roles of civil society in areas like resource mobilization and monitoring. It also discusses concepts like decentralization, rural-urban partnerships, public-private partnerships, and the linkages between villages and markets in the urban hierarchy.
The document discusses the evolution and processes of municipal periodic planning in Nepal. It provides background on the historical roots of town planning from the industrial revolution. It then outlines the early responses to town planning issues from physical planning approaches in Britain and the US. The evolution of physical planning approaches in Nepal from 1969 onwards is described. Key aspects of municipal periodic plans in Nepal include their contents, nature, planning process, methods of preparation, limitations, and future directions. Periodic plans offer a holistic view of municipal development compared to physical plans alone.
Urban planning and development in Nepal involves addressing several issues. Rapid urbanization is putting pressure on infrastructure and resources, and the urban population is projected to double in coming decades. Effective urban planning requires defining urban areas, addressing problems like congestion, pollution and inequitable access to services, and ensuring participation and partnerships between stakeholders. The goals of urban planning and development should be to make cities safe, just, and moving in a positive direction through strategic planning and allocation of necessary resources.
The document discusses urbanization and the growth of cities. It defines urbanization as the proportion of people living in urban areas and the process by which rural populations move to cities. The main drivers of urban growth are natural population increase, rural to urban migration, immigration, and expanding urban boundaries. While cities in more developed countries grew rapidly during industrialization and have since slowed, less developed countries are experiencing rapid urbanization without proportional industrial development, leading most of their populations to live in urban areas by 2020.
A Presentation made to the student of BDevS at Center for Development Studies, National College for Higher Education, KU in October 2014, kathmandu, Nepal
A presentation made together with speech as chief speaker at the World Food Day Observance in Kathmandu, October 16, 2014
Presenter: Rajendra P Sharma
Email: rpsharma@mailcity.com
34th World Food Day Observance in Kathmandu, 2014
THEME
Family Farming: “Feeding the World, Caring for the Earth” to stress the vast potential family farmers have to eradicate hunger and preserve natural resources
Presentation on : Urban Agriculture: Family Farming for Food Security
More from Freelancing - Urban development and Planning (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Presentation on poverty__unemployment_and_education_Nepal
1. Presentation on
Poverty, Unemployment and Education
For the Fulfill the Requirement of an
Assignment of Sociology of Education
MPhil/PhD Program, Development Studies
School of Education, Kathmandu University
Rajendra P Sharma
April 30 , 2013
2. Understanding Poverty
Poverty has various manifestations:
lack of income and productive resources sufficient to :
ensure sustainable livelihood; hunger & malnutrition
directly connected to employment
It is subjective, relative and contextual,
Hence, can be described in several ways:
BROADLY = Individuals, families and groups in the
population can be said poor or to be in poverty,
if they lack the resources to have living conditions and
amenities which are customary in the society.
22
3. Poverty can be seen in two ways
Absolute poverty
is the lack of resources that leads to hunger and physical
deprivation
Relative poverty
refers to a deficiency in material and economic resources
compared with some other population
Poverty and Unemployment: A cyclical effect
Unemployment leads to financial crisis and reduces the
purchasing capacity, this results poverty followed by increasing
burden of debt (World Bank, 2005).
33
4. Unemployment
A situation, in which the workers are capable of working and
willing to work, but do not get employment.
Unemployment and poverty are the two major challenges that
are facing the world economy at present
And off course in Nepal too
4
5. Types of unemployment
Seasonal unemployment
Frictional unemployment
Moving from one job to another
Structural unemployment
when the qualification is not enough to meet job responsibilities
Cyclical unemployment
demand deficient unemployment, when the economy is in need of low
workforce
5
6. Contributors for poverty & unemployment
Structural changes/high population/low industrialization/ low employment
opportunities
Rapid changes in technology
Ability to seek employment/seasonal work
Exclusion -disability/Age/gender/geography/minorities
Foreign competition/inflation
Change in the climatic conditions
Government socio-economic policies
Information and education
6
7. Philosophical views
Functionalist Perspective talks structural unemployment
Sometimes, desirable economic changes may affect the level of
poverty, as their cumulative impact is to increase an
unemployment and poverty that we call structural
unemployment
such as inflation and technological innovation
The Conflict Perspective
Views society as involving constant struggle between social
classes over scarce resources
7
8. Philosophical views
cont
Social Darwinist m theories argue that
essentially, the poor are poor because they are lazy, waste their time and
money, and simply do not have the self-control to succeed.
(by choice but not by chance)
Structuralists argue that
The poor are most affected by the business cycles of boom and bust
creating cycles of employment and unemployment.
The poor own very little, means the poor are left without resources
when employment comes to an end or become unemployed any time.
8
9. Nepal, where we are?
9
GDP - per capita:
$1,300 (2012) WB: comparison : 207
Unemployment rate:
46% (2008)WB Comparison:192
(Source: CBS 2011)
9
10. Measuring Poverty in Nepal
NOT TO BE POOR - calorie consumption 2,200 /person /day and access to
essential non-food items with income NPR 14,430 a year is must
earning less than Rs 14,430 per year falls below the poverty line
Interesting figures
poverty level in the Urban hills (9 percent) is lower than that in
Kathmandu (11 percent)
highest poor population live in the mountains (42 percent) ,
and rural hills in the Mid and Far-West regions (37 percent).
poverty rate has declined to 25.2 percent
households led by agricultural wage workers are the poorest while those
headed by professional wage workers are the least poor.
households headed by females have a slightly lower poverty rate.
(Nepal Living Standards Survey III and Population Census Survey, CBS, 2011)
10
11. Some government efforts
Government has been giving the first priority to the reduction of
poverty since eighth five year plan -1992
The 10th plan was considered as poverty reduction strategy
MDGs were accepted as one of the signatory UN member state
Programmes for Education for all
Open economic policy/privatization
Creation of poverty alleviation fund
Poverty is taking as cross cutting issues in the development plan
1
1
5/11/2013
11
12. Here comes the role of Education
Relation to Education
lower a qualifications, the higher risks of being out of, but wanting, work
or being in work but low paid.
with no qualifications are twice as likely to be lacking paid work
Supporting the idea of Amartya Sen
Better basic education improve the quality of life directly
It also increase a person’s ability to earn an income and be free’ of
income-poverty
The more inclusive reach of basic education, the more likely the
potentially poor would have a better chance of overcoming penury
Hence, this connection is crucial point to focus
12
13. Poverty Cycle: Options for Escape
Education
Financial stress
Job, money,
capability to
buy material
and services
to enjoy life
(knowledge,
skill,
confidence
Lower educational
and occupational
level
Lower the social status
Unemployment
Job less, mental stress,
dependency to other
limited social capital
No ability to fulfill
family and social
obligations
13
13
14. Breaking cycle of poverty and employment
Source: Adopted from Pearson Education (2012).
14
15. References
Central Bureau of Statistic (CBS), (2011). Population census survey. Kathmandu: Author.
Martin, B. (2000). Analytic philosophy’s narrative turn: Quine, Rorty, Davidson. In: Dasembrock, R.W. (ed.).
Literary theory after Davidson. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University Press.
NPC, (2007). First three year interim plan. Kathmandu: Author.
Pearson Education (2012). A presentation on poverty and unemployment. New Work: Pearson Education, Inc.
Sen, A.
Townsend, P. (Dec., 1985). A Sociological Approach to the Measurement of Poverty--A Rejoinder to
Professor Amartya Sen. Oxford Economic Papers, New Series, 37(4). Retrieved from
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2663048 .Accessed on 25April 2013.
Beckley, H. (2002). Capability as Opportunity: How Amartya Sen Revises Equal Opportunity. The Journal of
Religious Ethics, 30(1). Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/40017928 .Accessed on: 13/04/2013
.
15
15