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This document discusses different methods of presenting statistical data, including textual, tabular, and diagrammatic presentations. It outlines the objectives of tabulation as presenting data simply and understandably, facilitating comparison and providing an overview. Tabular presentations can be simple one-way tables, double/two-way tables, or complex tables. Diagrams and graphs must follow rules for construction like proper scaling, proportions, titles and labels to be clear and simple. Common diagrams include bar diagrams that can be simple, sub-divided or show percentages, and pie charts. Common graphs are histograms, frequency polygons and ogives curves.
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Presentation of data
This document discusses three methods of presenting data: textual or descriptive presentation, tabular presentation, and diagrammatic presentation. It focuses on tabular presentation, explaining that data is arranged in rows and columns and can be classified in four ways: qualitatively, quantitatively, temporally, or spatially. The components of a table are also listed.
Presentation of Data (thesis writing)
This document discusses different methods for presenting data, including textual, tabular, and graphical presentation. Tabular presentation organizes data into rows and columns in a table. Textual presentation uses statements and numbers to describe data. Graphical presentation shows variations and relationships of data using visual formats like bar graphs, line graphs, and pie charts. Each method has advantages - tables provide concise information while graphs attract attention and enable quick comprehension of quantitative data relationships.
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The document discusses different types of tables and charts used to visually present data, including their definitions, characteristics, and construction. It defines tables, pie charts, bar charts (simple, component, and multiple), histograms, and line graphs. The document provides examples of how to construct a pie chart from given data and describes the importance of tables for concisely presenting information. The overall goal is to teach how to choose and create the appropriate visual representation for different sets of data.
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This document discusses different methods for presenting data visually, including tabular, textual, and graphical forms. Tabular presentation organizes data in a table with clear headings and structure. Textual presentation describes data using words and numbers. Common graphical methods are line graphs to show trends over time, bar graphs to compare categories, and pie charts to illustrate proportions of a whole. Together, these visualization techniques help communicate findings from research studies.
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This document is a PowerPoint presentation about using tables, graphs, and charts in social studies. It defines tables as a visual display of data arranged in columns that can emphasize or compare information. Graphs make facts easier to understand, including bar graphs, line graphs, pictographs, and pie charts. Pie charts show proportions of a whole. The document instructs how to interpret graphs by identifying information, analyzing it, and developing hypotheses. It describes bar graphs as comparing two types of information, line graphs as showing changes over time, pictographs using pictures to represent amounts, and pie charts making parts easier to compare to a whole. Steps are provided for using charts, such as reading labels and making interpretations.
Fundamentals of data presentation
To know about the fundamentals of data presentation visit My Assignment Services and get the session with PhD experts.
Tabulation
The document discusses the importance and types of tabulation. Tabulation arranges data in a clear, organized manner using columns and rows. This allows for easy comparison, summation, error-checking, and statistical analysis of the data. Tabulation can be simple, double, or complex depending on how many characteristics of the data are being classified. Proper tabulation follows general rules like using clear titles and headings, approximating figures, and arranging items in a logical order. Overall, tabulation presents data concisely and makes it readily available for reference and analysis.
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This document provides guidance on displaying results and data through tables and figures. It discusses electronic and manual ways of displaying data, such as through word processing programs, spreadsheets, or tables and figures. The document offers general guidance on designing tables and figures for purposes like exploration, communication and storage. It provides tips on formatting tables and figures clearly and concisely with proper labeling, font sizes, and relevant information. Specific guidance is given around formatting tables, including ensuring logical layout, comparability of values, standard forms, and explanatory titles and headings.
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Presentation of Data (thesis writing)
This document discusses different methods for presenting data, including textual, tabular, and graphical presentation. Tabular presentation organizes data into rows and columns in a table. Textual presentation uses statements and numbers to describe data. Graphical presentation shows variations and relationships of data using visual formats like bar graphs, line graphs, and pie charts. Each method has advantages - tables provide concise information while graphs attract attention and enable quick comprehension of quantitative data relationships.
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This document discusses different methods for presenting data visually, including tabular, textual, and graphical forms. Tabular presentation organizes data in a table with clear headings and structure. Textual presentation describes data using words and numbers. Common graphical methods are line graphs to show trends over time, bar graphs to compare categories, and pie charts to illustrate proportions of a whole. Together, these visualization techniques help communicate findings from research studies.
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This document is a PowerPoint presentation about using tables, graphs, and charts in social studies. It defines tables as a visual display of data arranged in columns that can emphasize or compare information. Graphs make facts easier to understand, including bar graphs, line graphs, pictographs, and pie charts. Pie charts show proportions of a whole. The document instructs how to interpret graphs by identifying information, analyzing it, and developing hypotheses. It describes bar graphs as comparing two types of information, line graphs as showing changes over time, pictographs using pictures to represent amounts, and pie charts making parts easier to compare to a whole. Steps are provided for using charts, such as reading labels and making interpretations.
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To know about the fundamentals of data presentation visit My Assignment Services and get the session with PhD experts.
Tabulation
The document discusses the importance and types of tabulation. Tabulation arranges data in a clear, organized manner using columns and rows. This allows for easy comparison, summation, error-checking, and statistical analysis of the data. Tabulation can be simple, double, or complex depending on how many characteristics of the data are being classified. Proper tabulation follows general rules like using clear titles and headings, approximating figures, and arranging items in a logical order. Overall, tabulation presents data concisely and makes it readily available for reference and analysis.
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This document provides guidance on displaying results and data through tables and figures. It discusses electronic and manual ways of displaying data, such as through word processing programs, spreadsheets, or tables and figures. The document offers general guidance on designing tables and figures for purposes like exploration, communication and storage. It provides tips on formatting tables and figures clearly and concisely with proper labeling, font sizes, and relevant information. Specific guidance is given around formatting tables, including ensuring logical layout, comparability of values, standard forms, and explanatory titles and headings.
Tabulation
This document discusses different types of tabulation methods for presenting data. It defines tabulation as the systematic organization of data in rows and columns. The document outlines several types of tables including simple or one-way tables, complex/two-way tables, three-way tables, and manifold tables. It provides examples to illustrate tables organized by one, two, three or more characteristics. The purpose of tabulation is to simplify complex data and make it easier to understand, analyze and compare.
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The document discusses different methods of presenting data, including tabular, textual, and diagrammatic presentation. It provides details on tabular presentation, including the components and features of good tables. It also describes different types of diagrams for diagrammatic presentation, including bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms, frequency polygons, and ogives. Histograms and frequency polygons are used to show the distribution of quantitative data, while ogives show cumulative frequencies. The document emphasizes that the goal of data presentation is to clearly and attractively display data for easy understanding and analysis.
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Graphic and visual aids are used to summarize information for readers. They include graphs, diagrams, charts, tables and other pictorial forms that consolidate and clarify written material. Visual aids allow complex ideas to be explained concretely and abstract concepts to be visualized. They can also present new information alongside text. Effective interpretation of visual aids involves understanding what is being measured, looking for trends or patterns, and drawing important conclusions. Common types are line graphs, bar graphs, pie charts, organizational charts, flowcharts, diagrams and tables.
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Tabulation is the systematic arrangement of statistical data in columns or rows to help explain problems under consideration. It prepares data for analysis and interpretation. There are different types of tabulation including one-way, two-way, three-way, and cross tabulation. Higher order tables provide information on multiple interrelated questions. Care must be taken in deciding tabulation methods based on the investigation scope and choosing clear, exhaustive, and mutually exclusive categories.
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This document discusses how to improve the clarity of tables and graphs in research articles. It provides rules for constructing clear tables, such as splitting large tables and standardizing layout. When presenting tables, common problems to avoid are poorly positioning them on the page and manipulating spacing. Both tables and their contents should be explained in the text. The document also covers best practices for visualizations like pie charts, bar charts, and line graphs, noting tables are best for exact numbers while graphs show trends.
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This document discusses different types of charts and graphs used to represent data visually. It describes quantitative and qualitative data, and the different graphs used for each. Quantitative graphs discussed include histograms, frequency polygons, ogives, dot plots, and stem-and-leaf plots. Qualitative graphs discussed include pie charts, bar charts, and Pareto charts. The document also covers topics like frequency distribution, relative frequency, cumulative frequency, and class intervals. Overall, it provides an introduction to different methods of organizing and visually depicting various types of data.
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This document discusses different forms of presenting data, including textual, tabular, and diagrammatic presentations. It provides details on various types of tabular presentations such as qualitative, quantitative, temporal, and spatial classifications. It also discusses common diagrammatic presentations like bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms, frequency polygons, frequency curves, and ogives. Key advantages and examples of each method are provided. Overall, the document provides an overview of different ways to organize and visually display data through tables and diagrams.
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The document discusses various methods for presenting data, including tabular, visual, graphical and diagrammatical presentation. It provides guidelines for constructing effective tables, graphs, diagrams and choosing the appropriate method based on the type of data. Tables are useful for presenting exact data while graphs and diagrams make complex data easier to understand visually. The key is to present data in a clear, concise and organized manner that facilitates analysis and understanding.
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Tabulation is the process of organizing statistical data into a table with rows and columns. There are three main types of tabulation: simple/one-way tabulation which organizes data by one characteristic; double/two-way tabulation which uses two characteristics; and complex tabulation which uses multiple characteristics. A statistical table includes components like the table number, title, captions, body, footnote and source.
Types of table
For detailed notes kindly refer to my other PPTs.
This PPT gives information about details about of types of table which is a sub-step in the data processing. These notes will be helpful for students (U.G & P.G) who have the subject Business Research Method
For detailed notes kindly refer to my other PPTs.
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The table shows the individual points scored by 7 students in a BSED BIOSCI 3-1 class for 5 group activities. The total possible points were 100. The table records each student's points for each activity and their total points. Notes explain that an asterisk means 3 points were added and double asterisk means 2 points were added for absences.
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PRESENTATION OF DATA.pptx
Fghfxdfghufidkyy hxug ifididuoalsydudc fudtostsss5syup titiyoyxxjfkg kcjffif ifig kfifok f8fobicigobk ogifk lvvl kvobkcj isjsksjzjznsmensn sjsjsjjss jsjsns. Sksksjsbjwns s jwjwbspspsbosovbs snjshe e ebebdbs efjc bcoodeb dekoe oeorovd oeoovdidde ieviev d d rhfjcjj jvjjrnfedkekkdnedkdk wkksjsjdejjd ekksjsskebjjw jsksjsns snjsjsnsj skjsjejej keieishnsnsjeen qwwrrtyu iop asdf g hjkkl zxcvvbs nsmneiossjjdsj sjsjsksjsjsieisiei been snwn wnens nsnsn ddnjdbe dbhdbe e bdeb dbdb ebxhdbd dbdb dbdbe d xbjd dbxneb xbd d bden d xhdjdnd djdbnd e jdjdne. Djdjenbd xjdjejeje ejjene e jeje enejen ejdhd e nx. Dhdhe e ejdje djdbe jxdj d djd e dnjden djenns sjsjkseb djkdbsjsjshhe d jdjdbe snkdbden sjdjsnenebe. Sjdjene. Ejdjeb djdjendjejdjdjd ejjejejejen djjejejeje ejjeje pie power of your us asa ka happy birthday hope you have a great day langga hehehe Iloveyouuuu and amping ka diha po langga ha ha ha hehehe I can do that are important to me than I thought it would ensure that they are empowered scholar program and then I'll chat with her about it
Tabulation of data
This document discusses tabulation, which is the process of organizing and presenting statistical data in a table with rows and columns. It describes the key parts of a table including the title, stubs, column headings, body, source and footnotes. The document outlines different types of tables such as simple, double and complex tables. It also explains the differences between classification and tabulation, and highlights the importance of tabulation for summarizing, comparing and analyzing data in a clear format.
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Tabulation
This document discusses different types of tabulation methods for presenting data. It defines tabulation as the systematic organization of data in rows and columns. The document outlines several types of tables including simple or one-way tables, complex/two-way tables, three-way tables, and manifold tables. It provides examples to illustrate tables organized by one, two, three or more characteristics. The purpose of tabulation is to simplify complex data and make it easier to understand, analyze and compare.
Presentation of data
The document discusses different methods of presenting data, including tabular, textual, and diagrammatic presentation. It provides details on tabular presentation, including the components and features of good tables. It also describes different types of diagrams for diagrammatic presentation, including bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms, frequency polygons, and ogives. Histograms and frequency polygons are used to show the distribution of quantitative data, while ogives show cumulative frequencies. The document emphasizes that the goal of data presentation is to clearly and attractively display data for easy understanding and analysis.
Graphs and visual aids 11
Graphic and visual aids are used to summarize information for readers. They include graphs, diagrams, charts, tables and other pictorial forms that consolidate and clarify written material. Visual aids allow complex ideas to be explained concretely and abstract concepts to be visualized. They can also present new information alongside text. Effective interpretation of visual aids involves understanding what is being measured, looking for trends or patterns, and drawing important conclusions. Common types are line graphs, bar graphs, pie charts, organizational charts, flowcharts, diagrams and tables.
Data tabulation related to field force and field
Tabulation is the systematic arrangement of statistical data in columns or rows to help explain problems under consideration. It prepares data for analysis and interpretation. There are different types of tabulation including one-way, two-way, three-way, and cross tabulation. Higher order tables provide information on multiple interrelated questions. Care must be taken in deciding tabulation methods based on the investigation scope and choosing clear, exhaustive, and mutually exclusive categories.
The uses of Tables & graphs
This document discusses how to improve the clarity of tables and graphs in research articles. It provides rules for constructing clear tables, such as splitting large tables and standardizing layout. When presenting tables, common problems to avoid are poorly positioning them on the page and manipulating spacing. Both tables and their contents should be explained in the text. The document also covers best practices for visualizations like pie charts, bar charts, and line graphs, noting tables are best for exact numbers while graphs show trends.
Charts and graphs
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This document discusses different types of charts and graphs used to represent data visually. It describes quantitative and qualitative data, and the different graphs used for each. Quantitative graphs discussed include histograms, frequency polygons, ogives, dot plots, and stem-and-leaf plots. Qualitative graphs discussed include pie charts, bar charts, and Pareto charts. The document also covers topics like frequency distribution, relative frequency, cumulative frequency, and class intervals. Overall, it provides an introduction to different methods of organizing and visually depicting various types of data.
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This document discusses different forms of presenting data, including textual, tabular, and diagrammatic presentations. It provides details on various types of tabular presentations such as qualitative, quantitative, temporal, and spatial classifications. It also discusses common diagrammatic presentations like bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms, frequency polygons, frequency curves, and ogives. Key advantages and examples of each method are provided. Overall, the document provides an overview of different ways to organize and visually display data through tables and diagrams.
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The document discusses various methods for presenting data, including tabular, visual, graphical and diagrammatical presentation. It provides guidelines for constructing effective tables, graphs, diagrams and choosing the appropriate method based on the type of data. Tables are useful for presenting exact data while graphs and diagrams make complex data easier to understand visually. The key is to present data in a clear, concise and organized manner that facilitates analysis and understanding.
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Tabulation is the process of organizing statistical data into a table with rows and columns. There are three main types of tabulation: simple/one-way tabulation which organizes data by one characteristic; double/two-way tabulation which uses two characteristics; and complex tabulation which uses multiple characteristics. A statistical table includes components like the table number, title, captions, body, footnote and source.
Types of table
For detailed notes kindly refer to my other PPTs.
This PPT gives information about details about of types of table which is a sub-step in the data processing. These notes will be helpful for students (U.G & P.G) who have the subject Business Research Method
For detailed notes kindly refer to my other PPTs.
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This document discusses different methods of presenting statistical data, including textual, tabular, and diagrammatic presentation. It defines key terminology used in statistical analysis like variables, frequency, class intervals, and distributions. Different types of statistical tables like simple one-way tables and double two-way tables are described. Common diagrams for presenting quantitative data are explained, including simple bar diagrams, sub-divided bar diagrams, multiple bar diagrams, and pie charts. Types of graphs like histograms, frequency polygons and ogives curves are also outlined.
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This document discusses different types of graphic aids used to communicate information visually. It describes tables, bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, pictographs, organizational charts, Gantt charts, dot charts, diagrams, drawings, maps, and photographs. The document provides examples and explanations of how each graphic aid presents data in a clear, concise visual format to enhance reader comprehension beyond just text. It concludes with suggestions for appropriately using and integrating graphic aids into written materials.
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This document provides an introduction to statistics, including definitions and types. It discusses descriptive statistics, which deals with summarizing and describing numerical data through tables, graphs, and measures of center. Inferential statistics makes inferences about populations based on samples. The document also covers graphical representations in statistics, such as bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts, pictograms, and histograms, which visually display statistical data.
Tabular and Graphical Presentation of Data
The table shows the individual points scored by 7 students in a BSED BIOSCI 3-1 class for 5 group activities. The total possible points were 100. The table records each student's points for each activity and their total points. Notes explain that an asterisk means 3 points were added and double asterisk means 2 points were added for absences.
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This document discusses various methods of graphically representing data, including bar diagrams, pie charts, histograms, and line graphs. It describes the construction and purposes of simple bar diagrams, multiple bar diagrams, compound bar diagrams, pie charts, and histograms. The document emphasizes that graphical representations are important for conveying insights from data more effectively than tables alone and for understanding patterns.
Presentation of data by different methods
This document discusses three methods for presenting data: textual, tabular, and graphical. The textual method presents data in paragraph form, combining text and figures. The tabular method organizes data into a table with rows and columns. Common parts of a statistical table are included. The graphical method presents data visually through bar graphs, pie charts, line graphs, and pictographs. Examples of each type of graph are provided.
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This document defines variables and different types of variables. It explains that a variable is something that varies or can be manipulated or measured for research purposes. Variables can be dependent or independent. Dependent variables are measured in relation to independent variables, which are intentionally manipulated. Examples of different types of graphs like bar graphs, pie charts and surface graphs are provided, along with rules for plotting graphs and sample problems involving constructing tables of data and plotting graphs.
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PRESENTATION OF DATA.pptx
Fghfxdfghufidkyy hxug ifididuoalsydudc fudtostsss5syup titiyoyxxjfkg kcjffif ifig kfifok f8fobicigobk ogifk lvvl kvobkcj isjsksjzjznsmensn sjsjsjjss jsjsns. Sksksjsbjwns s jwjwbspspsbosovbs snjshe e ebebdbs efjc bcoodeb dekoe oeorovd oeoovdidde ieviev d d rhfjcjj jvjjrnfedkekkdnedkdk wkksjsjdejjd ekksjsskebjjw jsksjsns snjsjsnsj skjsjejej keieishnsnsjeen qwwrrtyu iop asdf g hjkkl zxcvvbs nsmneiossjjdsj sjsjsksjsjsieisiei been snwn wnens nsnsn ddnjdbe dbhdbe e bdeb dbdb ebxhdbd dbdb dbdbe d xbjd dbxneb xbd d bden d xhdjdnd djdbnd e jdjdne. Djdjenbd xjdjejeje ejjene e jeje enejen ejdhd e nx. Dhdhe e ejdje djdbe jxdj d djd e dnjden djenns sjsjkseb djkdbsjsjshhe d jdjdbe snkdbden sjdjsnenebe. Sjdjene. Ejdjeb djdjendjejdjdjd ejjejejejen djjejejeje ejjeje pie power of your us asa ka happy birthday hope you have a great day langga hehehe Iloveyouuuu and amping ka diha po langga ha ha ha hehehe I can do that are important to me than I thought it would ensure that they are empowered scholar program and then I'll chat with her about it
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ICT stands for information and communication technologies and refers to various tools used to communicate and manage information. Tables and graphs are effective ways to present data using ICT. Tables arrange data in rows and columns and are useful for presenting precise numerical values or comparing variables. Graphs like pie charts, bar graphs, scatter plots, and line graphs visually depict trends, patterns, and relationships in data. The choice between tables, graphs, and text depends on the type of information and relationships to be conveyed. Guidelines for effective presentation include making displays self-explanatory, referring to but not repeating data in text, and using consistent formatting and clear titles.
Figures and tables
This document discusses tables, figures, and referencing. It defines tables as organized data in rows and columns, and figures as any illustrations other than tables such as drawings, photos, charts. Tables and figures are used to clearly explain, attractively present, and provide multiple information at once. Guidelines for tables include combining repetitive tables, dividing large amounts of data, and ensuring tables are not too cluttered. Guidelines for figures include ensuring clarity, using legends to explain the key message, and labeling important parts. The document then discusses the anatomy of tables and figures according to APA style, including titles, numbers, footnotes, and attributing external sources. It concludes by discussing how to insert tables and figures in Microsoft Word.
processng and analysis of data
The document discusses various data processing and analysis techniques including:
1. Editing of raw data to detect and correct errors through field editing by investigators and central editing by a team.
2. Coding of responses by assigning numerals or symbols to classify answers into categories for analysis.
3. Classification of data by grouping into classes based on common attributes or class intervals.
4. Tabulation by summarizing data into statistical tables for further analysis according to accepted principles.
Presentation of Data using various techniques -reserach.pptx
This document discusses various techniques for presenting numerical data, including incorporation into text, tables, and graphs. It describes the principles of effective data presentation, such as arranging data to create interest, presenting information compactly and concisely without losing details, and enabling further statistical analysis. Tables are presented as a common method, with examples of good and poor table design. The document outlines general principles for tables, such as numbering, titling, clear headings, and ordering data numerically or chronologically. It also differentiates between simple tables presenting a single data set and complex tables presenting multiple data sets. Frequency distribution tables are provided as a specific type of table that splits data into class intervals and shows the frequency of values within each interval.
Results section my presentation
The document provides guidance on writing the results section of a scientific manuscript. It outlines what to include, such as summarized experimental results, explanations of questions and experiments, and references to tables and figures. It also describes what to exclude, such as ambiguous descriptions and attempts to interpret results. The document advises presenting data in tables and figures in a logical sequence and labeled clearly. It provides tips on effective graph and table design and avoiding redundant data presentation. Finally, it recommends using past tense and numbering figures and tables in the order they are mentioned.
Chapter 2
This document discusses methods of data collection and presentation. It describes what data is and the different types, including qualitative and quantitative data. The main methods of collecting data are through surveys, observations, and experiments. Data can be presented in textual, tabular, and graphical forms. Textual presentation involves writing out descriptions. Tabular presentation involves organizing data into tables that include headings, columns, rows, and footnotes. Graphical presentation uses visual forms like line charts, bar charts, pie charts, and maps to depict relationships in the data.
Data presenattaion we can read this document..pptx
Hlo hi bye byee this is presentation and we can read this okay hlo hi bye bye nannahsvjajns.bhaja
Report preparation
The document provides guidelines for structuring a research report and recommendations for effective writing and presentation. It discusses the key elements of a research report including the title page, table of contents, executive summary, body, conclusions, recommendations, appendix, and references. It also provides guidance on language usage, spelling, punctuation, and incorporating tables, graphs, maps, and other visual elements to reinforce the written content. The overall purpose is to communicate the objectives, methodology, findings and conclusions of a research project in a clear, concise and well-organized written format.
research methodology presentation-6.pptx
The document discusses tabulation, which is presenting data in tables to interpret results easily. It describes characteristics of good tables, types of tables including simple, complex, and multi-way tables. Rules of tabulation include title, size, structure. Significance is that tables allow easy data comparison, analysis, and detect missing data. Tabulation simplifies complicated data and maximizes data representation in minimal space.
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The document discusses various techniques for cost management, including cost control and cost reduction. It defines cost control as regulating costs through executive action guided by cost accounting, while cost reduction aims to permanently lower unit costs without compromising quality. Key areas covered for cost reduction are product design, target costing, value analysis, value engineering, and value chain analysis. Product design offers the greatest potential for reducing costs if considered early in development. Target costing sets target costs by subtracting desired profits from market prices. Value analysis examines components and costs to find more economical ways to achieve functions, while value engineering improves value through examining and modifying functions.
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Budgetary control involves establishing budgets for each department of an organization, continuously comparing actual performance to budgets, analyzing variations, and taking corrective action if needed. The document defines a budget as a pre-approved financial plan for income, expenses, and capital, and discusses the objectives of budgetary control like planning, coordination, communication, and performance evaluation. It also covers the essential requirements of budgetary control and the advantages and disadvantages of using this system. Finally, it defines functional budgets like flexible, cash, sales, and production budgets.
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Frequency distribution is a summary presentation of data values grouped according to their magnitude. There are two main types of frequency distributions: ungrouped series which lists each individual data point, and grouped series which organizes data into intervals or ranges called class intervals. A frequency distribution table displays the class intervals, class limits, class frequency, and can be univariate with one variable or bivariate with two variables.
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This document discusses statistical investigation and data collection. It notes that primary data is originally collected for the first time through methods like direct interviews, indirect oral interviews, questionnaires, schedules, and observation. Secondary data comes from published sources like books, journals, newspapers and the internet. The objectives of classification are to simplify complex data, eliminate unnecessary details, and establish relationships between data points. There are two main types of classification: qualitative which describes attributes, and quantitative which involves numerical variables that can be discrete or continuous.
Statistical Applications for Business
This document provides an introduction to statistics, including definitions, functions, scope, and limitations. It discusses collecting and classifying data through census and sampling techniques. It also covers statistical representation of data through various diagrams like bar diagrams, histograms, frequency polygons, and ogives to graphically depict relationships in data. The objective of statistics is to estimate future trends, interpret data through analysis, and find unknown values using statistical methods.
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Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. It is used for research studies to estimate future trends based on past data and interpret results. The objectives of statistics are to simplify complex data, reduce bulk, compare figures, add precision, and help formulate policies. It has wide applications in planning, economics, business, industry, science, psychology, education, and war. Some limitations are that it does not study individuals or qualitative phenomena and statistical laws are not exact. Basic concepts include data, population, sample, unit, frequency, and different data series.
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Ppt of chapter 1.4
- 1. UNIT - 1 Statistical Description of Data MR. KISHORE S Assistant Professor Dept. of Commerce and Management Surana College, peenya Statistical Applications in Business – 2nd Sem B.B.A
- 2. Tabulation of Data and Statistical Representation
- 4. Types of Data Presentation Textual or Descriptive presentation Tabular presentation Diagrammatic presentation.
- 6. The analysis used in tabulation is of four types Qualitative Quantitative Temporal Spatial
- 7. Objectives of Tabulation To present the data in a simple and understandable manner To facilitate comparison of data To provide a bird’s eye view of the entire data To facilitate quick location of required data
- 9. Types of Statistical Table SIMPLE TABLE OR ONE WAY TABLE DOUBLE TABLE OR TWO WAY TABLE COMPLEX TABLE
- 10. Diagrammatic and Graphical Representation of Data
- 11. Rules for construction of diagrams and graphs 1. Choice of a diagram 2. Selection of scale 3. Proportion between width and height 4. Title and footnotes 5. Source of data 6. Index or legend 7. Neatness and simplicity 8. Labels
- 16. 4. Pie Chart
- 17. Types of Graphs
- 18. 1. Histogram
- 20. 3. Ogives Curve