ANIMAL RELATIONSHIPS

1. TYPES OF RELATIONS AMONG ORGANISM
GAYATHRI. A.T
NATURAL SCIENCE

2.  Different types of relations found among
organisms.
 Relationships ensures food and space among
organism.
 These relationship is known as interaction.
 On the basis of benefits and harmful effects –
two types of interaction.
 Positive interaction & Negative interaction.

3.  Beneficial for one interacting partner
 Other partner is not harmed or both of them
benefited
 Includes Mutualism and Commensalism

4.  Interaction between two living organisms of
different species
 Both partners are benefited
 Examples
 Crocodiles and plover bird
 Ants and Aphids
 Flower and Butterfly
 Honey Bee and Flower

5.  ANTS & APHIDS
 Ants : feed on the sugary honeydew left
behind by aphids.
 Aphids : protection provided by ants from
predators and parasites.

6. 
 CROCODILE &
 PLOVER BIRD
 Crocodile : gets mouth cleaned from food
residues
 Plover Bird : gets food residues from teeth

7.  One of the partner is benefited
 Other partner neither benefited nor harmed
 Examples
 Shark and Remora ( Sucker Fish )
Vanda and Mango tree
 Anemone fishes or clown fishes & Sea
anemone

8.  CLOWN FISH
 &
SEA ANEMONE
 Clown fish : live amid the tentacles of the
anemones which protects them from
predators.
 Sea anemone : neither benefited nor harmed

9.  SHARK
 &
 SUCKER FISH
 Sucker fish : gets free food and transport
 Shark : neither benefited nor harmed

10.  One interacting partner is harmed
 Sometimes both partners are harmed
 Includes
Predation
Parasitism
Competition

11.  Direct food relationship between two
partners
 One partner captures and feed on other
partner.
 Partner that captures and feed : Predator
 Partner that is eaten : Prey
 Examples
 Tiger & Deer
 Whale & small fishes
 Humans & other organisms

12.  TIGER
 &
 DEER
 Tiger : eats deer and gets food
 Deer : killed by tiger

13.  WHALE
 &
 SMALL FISHES
 Whale : feed on small fishes & gets food
 Small fishes : killed by Whale

14.  One partner is benefited and other is harmed.
 Partner those gets benefits : Parasites
 Partners those gets harmed : Host
 Parasites get food & shelter from the host
 Examples
Tape worm and humans
Leech and pig
Mosquito and humans

15.  TAPE WORM
 &
 HUMANS
 Tape worm : lives on intestine of humans &
feed on them
 Humans : Diarrhea ,Abdominal pain, Hunger or
loss of appetite, Fatigue, Weight loss, Vitamin and
mineral deficiencies

16.  MOSQUITO
 &
 HUMANS
 Mosquito : feeds on blood of humans
 Humans : gets various diseases transmitted
by mosquito such as Dengue

17.  Here organisms competes for resources like
water, nutrients, light and space
 occurs when resources are not sufficient for all
individuals
 Individuals harm one another in trying to obtain
it.
 Examples
 Fishes inside an aquarium competing for food
and space.
Hyena and Lion competing for territory
 An Eagle and a Hawk competing for a prey.

18.  Fishes inside an aquarium competing for
food and space.

19.  Hyena and Lion competing for territory

20.  An Eagle and a Hawk competing for a prey.

21.  Animal interactions play a vital role in the
ecological balance
 Animal interactions are part of food chain and
food web
 The energy flow in an ecosystem occurs through
animal relationships
 Thus different types of animal interactions play
their magnificent role in an ecosystem

22.  ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY & ECOLOGY
Vijayakumaran Nair
Academica Publications (2008)
 Science textbook, Std : VIII, SCERT
 www.en.encyclopedia.com
 www.wiki.pedia.com
 www.googleimages.com