This document discusses the different types of relationships found among organisms. There are two main types of interactions - positive interactions which benefit one or both organisms, and negative interactions which harm one or both organisms. Positive interactions include mutualism, where both organisms benefit each other, and commensalism where one benefits while the other is not harmed. Negative interactions include predation, where one organism is harmed as the other's prey, parasitism where one benefits while harming its host, and competition for resources which can harm individuals. These relationships are an important part of ecosystems, with energy flowing through food chains and webs formed by animal interactions.

1. TYPES OF RELATIONS AMONG ORGANISM
GAYATHRI. A.T
NATURAL SCIENCE

2.  Different types of relations found among
organisms.
 Relationships ensures food and space among
organism.
 These relationship is known as interaction.
 On the basis of benefits and harmful effects –
two types of interaction.
 Positive interaction & Negative interaction.

3.  Beneficial for one interacting partner
 Other partner is not harmed or both of them
benefited
 Includes Mutualism and Commensalism

4.  Interaction between two living organisms of
different species
 Both partners are benefited
 Examples
 Crocodiles and plover bird
 Ants and Aphids
 Flower and Butterfly
 Honey Bee and Flower

5.  ANTS & APHIDS
 Ants : feed on the sugary honeydew left
behind by aphids.
 Aphids : protection provided by ants from
predators and parasites.

6. 
 CROCODILE &
 PLOVER BIRD
 Crocodile : gets mouth cleaned from food
residues
 Plover Bird : gets food residues from teeth

7.  One of the partner is benefited
 Other partner neither benefited nor harmed
 Examples
 Shark and Remora ( Sucker Fish )
Vanda and Mango tree
 Anemone fishes or clown fishes & Sea
anemone

8.  CLOWN FISH
 &
SEA ANEMONE
 Clown fish : live amid the tentacles of the
anemones which protects them from
predators.
 Sea anemone : neither benefited nor harmed

9.  SHARK
 &
 SUCKER FISH
 Sucker fish : gets free food and transport
 Shark : neither benefited nor harmed

10.  One interacting partner is harmed
 Sometimes both partners are harmed
 Includes
Predation
Parasitism
Competition

11.  Direct food relationship between two
partners
 One partner captures and feed on other
partner.
 Partner that captures and feed : Predator
 Partner that is eaten : Prey
 Examples
 Tiger & Deer
 Whale & small fishes
 Humans & other organisms

12.  TIGER
 &
 DEER
 Tiger : eats deer and gets food
 Deer : killed by tiger

13.  WHALE
 &
 SMALL FISHES
 Whale : feed on small fishes & gets food
 Small fishes : killed by Whale

14.  One partner is benefited and other is harmed.
 Partner those gets benefits : Parasites
 Partners those gets harmed : Host
 Parasites get food & shelter from the host
 Examples
Tape worm and humans
Leech and pig
Mosquito and humans

15.  TAPE WORM
 &
 HUMANS
 Tape worm : lives on intestine of humans &
feed on them
 Humans : Diarrhea ,Abdominal pain, Hunger or
loss of appetite, Fatigue, Weight loss, Vitamin and
mineral deficiencies

16.  MOSQUITO
 &
 HUMANS
 Mosquito : feeds on blood of humans
 Humans : gets various diseases transmitted
by mosquito such as Dengue

17.  Here organisms competes for resources like
water, nutrients, light and space
 occurs when resources are not sufficient for all
individuals
 Individuals harm one another in trying to obtain
it.
 Examples
 Fishes inside an aquarium competing for food
and space.
Hyena and Lion competing for territory
 An Eagle and a Hawk competing for a prey.

18.  Fishes inside an aquarium competing for
food and space.

19.  Hyena and Lion competing for territory

20.  An Eagle and a Hawk competing for a prey.

21.  Animal interactions play a vital role in the
ecological balance
 Animal interactions are part of food chain and
food web
 The energy flow in an ecosystem occurs through
animal relationships
 Thus different types of animal interactions play
their magnificent role in an ecosystem

22.  ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY & ECOLOGY
Vijayakumaran Nair
Academica Publications (2008)
 Science textbook, Std : VIII, SCERT
 www.en.encyclopedia.com
 www.wiki.pedia.com
 www.googleimages.com