Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
Energy Flow in Environment : Ecological EnergeticsKamlesh Patel
What is Energy:
The ability or capacity to do work,
Radiant, Chemical, thermal, mechanical, nuclear, electrical.
What is Energy Flow:
The existence of flora and fauna in ecosystem depends upon the cycle of minerals and flow of energy. Energy is needed for all the biotic activities. The only source of this energy is the sun. The entrance, transformation and diffusion of energy in ecosystem are governed by laws of thermodynamics.
Ppt is made vailable for public for scientifc use.
Population ecology concept and its characteristics explained by using practical examples in a simple language. data is significant for competitive examinations
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
Energy Flow in Environment : Ecological EnergeticsKamlesh Patel
What is Energy:
The ability or capacity to do work,
Radiant, Chemical, thermal, mechanical, nuclear, electrical.
What is Energy Flow:
The existence of flora and fauna in ecosystem depends upon the cycle of minerals and flow of energy. Energy is needed for all the biotic activities. The only source of this energy is the sun. The entrance, transformation and diffusion of energy in ecosystem are governed by laws of thermodynamics.
Ppt is made vailable for public for scientifc use.
Population ecology concept and its characteristics explained by using practical examples in a simple language. data is significant for competitive examinations
Exponential growth: Resource (food and space) availability is
obviously essential for the unimpeded growth of a population.
Ideally, when resources in the habitat are unlimited, each species
has the ability to realise fully its innate potential to grow in number,
as Darwin observed while developing his theory of natural
selection.
It is as per the syllabus of M.Sc. NRM including detailed study of population ecology
It describes the meaning of population with respect to ecology and includes population attributes, dynamics, dispersal, Population growth models, survivorship curves and limitations.
It also entails factors that influence and regulate population growth on the basis of density.
A population is generally a group of particular species occupying a particular area at a specific time. Some of the ecologists however recognize two types of population;
Monospecific population- a population with individuals only one species
Mixed or Polyspecific population- a population of more than one species
However in Ecology, a polyspecific population is considered as a COMMUNITY, and the term POPULATION is used for a group of individuals of any kind of organism.
POPULATION ECOLOGY is the study of individuals of the same species where the processes are aggregation, interdependencies between individuals etc, and the various factors governing such processes are emphasized.
It is as per the syllabus of M.Sc. NRM including detailed study of population ecology
It describes the meaning of population with respect to ecology and includes population attributes, dynamics, dispersal, Population growth models, survivorship curves and limitations.
It also entails factors that influence and regulate population growth on the basis of density.
Exponential growth: Resource (food and space) availability is
obviously essential for the unimpeded growth of a population.
Ideally, when resources in the habitat are unlimited, each species
has the ability to realise fully its innate potential to grow in number,
as Darwin observed while developing his theory of natural
selection.
It is as per the syllabus of M.Sc. NRM including detailed study of population ecology
It describes the meaning of population with respect to ecology and includes population attributes, dynamics, dispersal, Population growth models, survivorship curves and limitations.
It also entails factors that influence and regulate population growth on the basis of density.
A population is generally a group of particular species occupying a particular area at a specific time. Some of the ecologists however recognize two types of population;
Monospecific population- a population with individuals only one species
Mixed or Polyspecific population- a population of more than one species
However in Ecology, a polyspecific population is considered as a COMMUNITY, and the term POPULATION is used for a group of individuals of any kind of organism.
POPULATION ECOLOGY is the study of individuals of the same species where the processes are aggregation, interdependencies between individuals etc, and the various factors governing such processes are emphasized.
It is as per the syllabus of M.Sc. NRM including detailed study of population ecology
It describes the meaning of population with respect to ecology and includes population attributes, dynamics, dispersal, Population growth models, survivorship curves and limitations.
It also entails factors that influence and regulate population growth on the basis of density.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. • A population is a collection of individuals of the same species that
live together in a region.
• Population ecology is the study of populations and their
interaction with existing environment.
• A population has several characteristics which is the function of
the whole group and not of the individual. Different populations
can be compared by measuring these attributes or characteristics,
such as density, natality, mortality, growth forms, distribution,
etc.
• The study of the group characteristics or parameters of the human
population, their changes over time and prediction of future
changes is known as demography.
3. Population density
• The size of the population is represented by its fundamental
properties called density. It can be defined as the total number of
individuals per unit area or volume at the given time.
• There are two types of density-
▫ Crude density- It is the density per unit total space.
▫ Specific (ecological) density- It is the density per unit of
habitat space.
4. Determining population size-
• Usually population size is estimated by counting all the
individuals from a small sample area then calculated for large
area.
• Another very commonly known method is Mark recapture
technique.
• Where a small random sample of the population is captured,
marked, then release to disperse within the general population.
• The marked individuals mix with the unmarked individuals within
a period of time are randomly mix.
• The population was resampled and the number of marked and
unmarked individuals is recorded.
• And it was considered as second sample taken in the same ratio as
first one.
5. • We can use a simple formula for estimating total population size
(N):
6. Natality
• It refers to the birth of individuals in a population.
• Natality rate or birth rate is expressed as the number of individuals
produced per female per unit time.
• Natality may be maximum natality or eclogical natality.
• Maximum natality is also known as absolute of physiological
natality.
• Ecological or realised natality refers to number of individuals
produced under an actual or specific environmental condition. It is
not a constant for a population but may vary with the size and age
composition of the population and the physical environmental
condition.
7. • In ecology, fecundity and fertility is not same.
• The 'fecundity' describes as the maximum reproductive outcome
potential of an individual over its lifetime under favourable
environmental condition.
• But the term 'fertility' differs from fecundity which describes the
actual reproductive performance of an individual under
favourable condition and it is a generalization of the terms 'birth
rate' and 'natality rate'.
8. Mortality
• Mortality refers to the death of individual in a population.
• Like natality rate mortality rate or death rate may be expressed as
the number of individuals dying in a given period.
• Mortality may be minimum mortality or ecological mortality.
• Minimum mortality is the constant for the population represents
the laws under favorable or non-limiting condition.
• Ecological or realized mortality is the loss of individual under a
given environmental condition.
9. • Mortality rate of the population can be expressed by survivorship
curve.
• Survivorship curve plot the number of surviving individual to the
particular age.
• Generally there three types:
▫ Highly convex curve (Type I curve)
▫ Type II curve
▫ Highly concave curve (Type III curve)
10. • A highly convex curve is characteristic of the
species in which the population mortality rate is
low until near the end of the life span. Many
species such as deer mountain sheep and man
show such curve.
• A highly concave curve is characteristic of
those species where the mortality rate is high
during the young stages. Examples are oysters
or shell fish. In oysters mortality is extremely
high during free swimming larval stages.
• In type III curve which falls between type I
and III the rate of mortality is constant at all
age groups, so that an individual chance of
living another year is just as good at one age as
another this curve is typically of several birds
and of human beings exposed to pure poor
nutrition and hygiene.
11. Dispersion
• Dispersion refers to the spatial and temporal distribution pattern
of individuals of a population.
• It shows three broad patterns of distribution-
Regular
Random and
Clumped
• In regular dispersion, the individuals are more or less spaced at
equal distance from one another. This is rare in nature but is
common in managed systems like croplands.
• In random dispersion the position of one individual is unrelated
to the position of its neighbours. Here the environment is very
uniform and there is no tendency to aggregate. This is also rare in
nature.
• In clumped dispersion individuals are aggregated into groups of
varying size.
12. Age structure
• Individuals are present in the different age groups.
• Relative numbers of young and old individuals in a population will
significantly influence the behavior of a population such as natality
and mortality.
• The population of individuals in each age group is called the age
structure of the population.
• A group of individuals are all roughly of same age known as cohert.
• Age distribution affects both natality and mortality rate.
• Reproductive status of the population also affects the ratio of various
age groups.
• Age structure is classified into three categories-
Pre-reproductive
Reproductive
Post-reproductive ages
13. Age pyramids
• The most convenient way to represent the age distribution is in the
form of age pyramid.
• An age pyramid is a vertical bar graph which represents the number
or proportion of individuals in various age groups at any given time
i.e. age pyramid is the model representing geometrically the
proportions of different age groups in the populations of any
organisms.
• There are three types of hypothetical age pyramids:
Expanding population
Stable population
Diminishing population
14. Expanding population
• It shows high birth rate and
population growth may be
exponential, as in the case
of the housefly, yeast and
alga. Each successive
generation will be higher
than the previous one, as a
result pyramid-shape age
structure results.
15. Stable population
• As the rate of growth
decreases and stabilities, the
pre-reproductive and
reproductive age groups
become more or less equal in
size, the post-reproductive
groups remain as the
smallest. The graphical
representation of this
stabilized population is bell-
shaped.
16. Diminishing population
• It is an urn-shaped age
structure, where the birth
rate is drastically reduced.
This is representative of a
population that is dying
off.
17. Population dispersal
• It is the movement of individuals into or out of the population or
the population area. But these changes do not affect the size of
the population.
• It occurs in three following ways-
▫ Emigration- One way outwards movement of individuals from
an area.
▫ Immigration- One way inward movement of individuals into
an area.
▫ Migration- Periodic departure and return of individuals to the
same area.