The document discusses automation as the delegation of human control to technical systems to increase productivity, quality, and safety while reducing costs. It details the architecture and operation of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, emphasizing their roles in controlling industrial processes. Key features of PLCs, including their input/output capabilities and self-testing functions, are also covered.

2. “It is an idea of controlling a system or any equipments or a process
with respect to a set of instruction or a condition”
Automation is basically the delegation of human control
function to technical equipment for,
 Increasing Productivity
 Increasing Quality
 Reducing Cost
 Increasing Safety in working conditions
Human Aided Automatic

3. Automation is basically a delegation of human control function to control technical
equipment.
Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies reducing the
need for human intervention.

4. Cement & Fertilizer Automobile Food processing
Power Generation
Petrochemical Oil & Gas Water Treatment

5. Manual Control
PLC
Pneumatic Control Hard Wire Logic Control
Electronic Control Using Gates

6. Inputs Outputs
The Basic Block
A Programmable Logic Controller is a solid state control system that
continuously monitors the status of devices connected as inputs. Based upon a
user written program, stored in memory, it controls the status of devices
connected as outputs.
CPU

7.  Digitally operating electronic device.
 Uses a programmable memory for the internal storage of instructions
for implementing specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting
and arithmetic
 Can control through digital or analog input or output modules, various types of
machines or processes.

8. •Handles much more complicated
systems.
•Less and simple wiring.
•Easy programming
•Increased Reliability.
•More Flexibility.
•Lower Cost .
•Faster Response.
•Easier to troubleshoot.
•Remote control capability.
•Communication Capability.

9. PROCESSOR
POWER
SUPPLY
I M
N O
P D
U U
T L
E
O M
U O
T D
P U
U L
T E
PROGRAMMING
DEVICE
To
OUTPUT
Solenoids,
contactors,
alarms
etc.
From
SENSORS
Pushbuttons,
contacts,
limit switches,
etc.

10. • Switches and Pushbuttons
• Sensing Devices
• Limit Switches
• Photoelectric Sensors
• Proximity Sensors
• Condition Sensors
• Pressure Switches
• Level Switches
• Temperature Switches
• Vacuum Switches
• Float Switches

11. • Valves
• Motor Starters
• Solenoids
• Actuators
• Control Relays
• Horns & Alarms
• Stack Lights
• Fans
• Counter
• Pumps

12. Allen Bradley SLC 500 Modular PLC
Power supply Processor Input modules Output module
Slot 0 Slot 2Slot 1 Slot 3

13. CPU
I/O Modules Back plane

14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 C7 1110980 12 13
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Power
Run
Force
Communication
MicroLogix 1200
OUT
IN
Allen Bradley MicroLogix 1200 Fixed PLC
24 Volts
Power
Supply
Motor
Starter
L2
PLC I/O
Section
PLC O/P
Section
Sensor input to PLC
PLC Output to Motor Starter
Sensor

15. SMALL - It covers units with up to128 I/O’s and memories up to2 Kbytes.
These PLC’s are capable of providing simple to advance levels or
machine controls.
MEDIUM- Have up to 2048 I/O’s and memories up to 32 Kbytes.
LARGE - The most sophisticated units of the PLC family. They have up to
8192 I/O’s and memories up to 750 Kbytes.
Can control individual production processes or entire plant.

16. Self test
Input scan
Logic scan
Output
scan
1)Self test: Testing of its own hardware and
software for faults.
2)Input scan: If there are no problems, PLC
will copy all the inputs and copy their values
into memory.
3)Logic solve/scan: Using inputs, the ladder
logic program is solved once and outputs are
updated.
4)Output scan: While solving logic the output
values are updated only in memory , the real
outputs will be updated using temporary values in
memory during o/p scan.

17. HLLL S
S
S M
SET/RESET Timer
Level

18. PLC

20. SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
What is SCADA?
SCADA is “Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition”.
Real-time industrial process control systems used to centrally
monitor and control remote or local industrial equipment such as
motors, valves, pumps, relays, sensors, etc.
SCADA is Combination of telemetry and Data Acquisition.
SCADA is not just a hardware, neither a software. It’s a concept,
it’s a system as a combination of special hardware, software and
protocols.
SCADA is used to control chemical plant processes, oil and gas
pipelines, electrical generation and transmission equipment,
manufacturing facilities, water purification and
distribution infrastructure, etc.

21. Sensor/
Actuator
Bus
Field bus
Programmable
Logic Controller
Plant bus
SCADA level
Plant Level
Field level
File
Edit
EngineeringOperator
2
12
2
33
23
4
direct I/OSensor /

22. SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Central Monitoring Unit
Communications
Network
Sensor
Sensor
Programmable Logic Controller
Sensor
Fiber, Radio, Modem,
Microwave, Telephone,
Wireless, Powerline Carrier
Remote
Terminal
Unit (RTU)
RTU
RTU

23.  Human Machine Interface (HMI)
System Concept of SCADA
SCADA

24. SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Cooling System

25. SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Dynamic Representation
Alarms
Trends Scripts

26. SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Device Connectivity
Recipe Security
Database Connectivity

28.  What is Automation
 History Automation
 PLC
 Architecture
 operation
 Programming
 SCADA
 Working
 features