Industrial automation involves using programmable logic controllers and connecting them to a central computer to provide stability, accuracy and eliminate harmful transitions in production processes. A PLC controller is at the central part of an automated system, continuously monitoring inputs and executing actions based on the programmed logic. Previously, relay-based control systems with wired boards were used, but they had disadvantages like being difficult to change and find errors. The programmable logic controller was developed in 1968 to replace these wired systems and provide an easily maintained and programmed solution using relay ladder logic. Automation brings benefits like faster production, safer operations in hazardous environments, and replacing repetitive physical work.

1. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

2. Industrial Automation
 A process control system is made up of a group
of electronic devices that provide stability,
accuracy and eliminate harmful transition
statuses in production processes.
 As technology quickly progresses, many complex
operational tasks have been solved by connecting
programmable logic controllers and a central
computer.

3. Industrial automation
 In an automated system, a PLC controller is
usually the central part of a process control
system.With the execution of a program stored
in program memory, PLC continuously monitors
status of the system through signals from input
devices.
 Based on the logic implemented in the program,
PLC determines which actions need to be
executed with output instruments.

4. History of Industrial automation
 Before the days of the PLC the only way to
control machinery was through the use of relays.
 Relays work by utilizing a coil that, when
energized, creates a magnetic force to effectively
pull a switch to the ON or OFF position.When
the relay is de-energized, the switch releases and
returns the device to its standard ON or OFF
position.
 So, for example, if I wanted to control whether a
motor was ON or OFF, I could attach a relay
between the power source and the motor.

5. History of Industrial automation

6. History of Industrial automation
 The relay based control systems, the electrical
enclosures to house the controls would typically be
six feet wide by four feet high, mounted near the
machinery.
 Disadvantages areToo much work required in
connecting wires, Difficulty with changes or
replacements
 Difficulty in finding errors; requiring skillful work
force
 When a problem occurs, holdup time is indefinite,
usually long.

7. Birth of the PLC Solution
 "General Motors" is among the first who
recognized a need to replace the system's
"wired" control board.
 Increased competition forced automakers to
improve production quality and productivity.
 Fortunately, at that time, the concept of
computer control had started to make its way
into conversations at large corporations such as
GM.According to Dick Morley, the undisputed
father of the PLC,“The programmable controller
was detailed on NewYear's Day, 1968.”

8. Need of automation in industries
 Effective process control is required to
maintain quality products and safe
operations.
 Faster production and cheaper labor
costs.
 Tasks in hazardous environments, such as
extreme temperatures, or atmospheres
 Repeat processes, easy to print.
 Replaces hard physical or monotonous
work.

9. Need of automation in industries
 Easily maintained and programmed in line with
the already accepted relay ladder logic way of
doing things.
 Easy exchange of components and expandability.
 The programming look of the PLC required that
it be easily understood and used by maintenance
electricians and plant engineers.

10. Examples- process automation

11. Process automation

12. Examples public transportation
 Real-Time GPS Tracking for PublicVehicles
 Arrival Forecast - EstimatedTimes of Arrival
(ETAs)
 AutomatedVoice and Text Information System
 Automated Passenger Counters
 LiveVideo Monitoring- cabin activity
 LED Signs / Annunciates
 Public Information Displays (PIDs)

13. Public transportation

14. Examples- building automation
 Building automation system refers to any electrical
control system that is used to control a buildings
heat ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
system.
 Modern BAS can also control indoor and
outdoor lighting as well as security, fire alarms,
and basically everything else that is electrical in
the building.
 Green buildings

15. Building automation