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Plant morphology
This document provides an overview of plant taxonomy and anatomy. It begins by outlining the major divisions of the plant kingdom from non-vascular plants like mosses to vascular plants with and without seeds. It then describes the distinguishing features of monocots and dicots. The remainder of the document details plant structures like roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds through diagrams and descriptions.
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Plant morphology
- 1. Dr. EDEN V.EVANGELISTA Philippine Normal University Plants
- 2. Seedless Non vascular Moss Liverwort Hornwort Vascular With seeds Ferns Lycopods Psilophytes Sphenopsida W/OFlowers W/ Flowers Cycads Ginkgo Conifers Gnetum Monocots Dicots Plant Kingdom
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- 10. Apical Meristem ofColeus
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- 26. Dicot Root (xsection)
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- 52. Phloem Xylem Occurrence: Roots,stems and leaves Roots, stems and leaves Additional Functions: Forms vascular bundles with xylem Forms vascular bundles with phloem and givesmechanical strength to plant due to presence of lignified cells. Elements: Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, bast fibers, intermediary cells Tracheids, vessel elements, xylem parenchyma, xylem sclerenchyma Nature of tissue: Living tissue Non living tissue at maturity Movement: Bidirectional Unidirectional (upward) Function: Transportation of food and nutrients from leaves tostorage organs and growing parts of plant. Water and mineral transport from roots to aerial parts of the plant. Structure: Tubular with soft walled cells Tubular with hard walled cells
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- 57. T.S. Tilia sp. secondary growthouter layer Dicot Stem
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- 78. Corms are unlikestolons and rhizomes because they usually grow vertically, instead of lying horizontally. They're unlike tubers in that tubers are typically attached to the main plant by a slender rootlike part of the stem, a sort of umbilical cord, while corms constitute the below- ground "heart" of the plant, the part from which aboveground stems and leaves directly sprout. Gladiolus
- 79. Tendril: Modified CoiledStem That Twines Around A Support
- 81. Stolons are slender stem-branchesrunning horizontally away from the main plant, either above or below ground.
- 82. Water - Storing Stems specializingin storing water for the plant's use between rains
- 86. Monocot and DicotVenations
- 87. Phyllotaxy ( leaf arrangement) OppositeAlternate Irregular Whorled
- 88. Simple Leaf Netted Venation SimpleLeaf Parallel Venation
- 89. Palmate Leaf PalmateLeaf - Trifoliate Pinnately Compound Pinnately Compound Bipinnate
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- 95. Modified leaf – forstorage
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- 98. Bulbs can beconsidered to be very short stems encased in thickened, fleshy bulb scales (which are modified leaves). As the drawing below shows, the two basic bulb types are layered and scaly:
- 99. LAYERED BULBS arecomposed of a series of fleshy scales that form concentric rings when the bulb is cut in cross-section.
- 100. SCALY BULBS, suchas the lily bulb have fleshy bulb scales, which are modified leaves loosely clustered around the stem base.
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- 109. Gumamela Flower –Hibiscus rosasinensis
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- 111. Dicot Flower MonocotFlower
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- 116. Rafflesia arnoldii measuring upto 150 cm (42 inches) weighing up to 10kg
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- 120. Anthurium Shows an openheart and hospitality
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- 125. Amherstia nobilis Queen ofthe flowering plants
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- 131. Types of Inflorescence RacemePanicleSpike Umbel Corymb
- 132. Types of Inflorescence Solitary Heador Capitulum Cyme
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- 136. These flowers canbe classified into : Regular or Disc Florets -All petals have same size -They form the central disk of the capitulum in typical daisies -Usually surrounded by an outer ring of ray florets Disc floret, typical for flowers of the Family Asteraceae A. ovary B. pappus C. theca D. ligule E. style with stamen
- 137. ●Irregular or RayFlorets -Usually pistillate or sterile, and have three or fewer teeth on the extended portion of the corolla Ray floret, typical for flowers of the Family Asteraceae A. ovary B. pappus C. theca D. ligule E. style with stamen
- 138. Puya raimondii Bolivian bromeliad longestinflorescence
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- 170. Stages of growthand development of the embryo
- 176. 1. Water –The testa ruptures when exposed to water 2. Oxygen – Required for respiration 3. Heat – suitable temperature required to stimulate germination Seed germination Three factors needed for seed germination:
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