This document discusses four major philosophies of education: idealism, realism, existentialism, and their key philosophers and principles. Idealism believes in ideas over material things and was influenced by Plato. Realism focuses on empirical evidence and science, influenced by thinkers like Aristotle. Existentialism emphasizes individual existence and choice, as put forth by philosophers such as Kierkegaard and Sartre. The document also covers goals and objectives in education, distinguishing between aims which focus on teaching intentions, and learning outcomes which emphasize what students will demonstrate.