Chlorine is an essential micronutrient that participates in physiological processes in plants like photosynthesis, osmoregulation, and stomatal regulation. It plays a role in oxygen evolution in photosystem II and stimulates enzymes involved in starch conversion and nitrogen metabolism. Sodium and chloride help regulate osmotic pressure in cells and sodium is required for carbon fixation in C4/CAM plants. Silicon increases rice crop yield by keeping leaves erect, enhancing disease and pest resistance, improving water use efficiency, and reducing lodging. It acts as a structural component deposited in cell walls and leaves.