This document summarizes the impacts of organic farming on food grain security in India. It begins with definitions of organic farming and discusses its history and principles. Case studies show higher yields, soil quality, and nutrient levels from organic practices compared to conventional methods. Organic production has increased in India, though challenges remain around transition times, marketing, and policy support. Food security frameworks highlight India's progress but ongoing issues of undernutrition. Overall, the document finds that organic farming can help improve long-term productivity, environmental sustainability, and social welfare while supporting national food security goals.

1. Organic farming its impact on
food grain security in India
Master Seminar on
Chairman: Dr. P. Laxminarayana,
Credit seminar Course in Charge: Dr. P. Laxminarayana,
Head of the Department of Agronomy.
K.Venkatkiran Reddy,
ID.No: RAM/15-03,
Dept. of Agronomy,
M.Sc (Ag 2nd year).
Course No: AGRON-591

2. CONTENTS
• Organic farming definition
• History of organic farming
• Need of organic farming, Principles &components
• Constraints, advantages, disadvantages, challenges
• Organic production in world and India
• Organic portfolio in India & certification
• Case studies
• Food security frame work in India
• Impact on food grain security trends
• Conclusions
• Future prospects

3. Organic Farming
• Organic farming is a holistic production management system
which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health,
including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological
activity.
• It emphasizes, the use of management practices in preference
to the use of off – farm inputs, taking into account that
regional conditions require locally adapted systems.

4. • As per the definition of the United States Department of
Agriculture (USDA) study team on organic farming
• “organic farming is a system which avoids or largely
excludes the use of synthetic inputs (such as
fertilizers, pesticides,hormones, feed additives etc)
and to the maximum extent feasible rely upon crop
rotations, crop residues, animal manures, off-farm
organic waste, mineral grade rock additives and
biological system of nutrient mobilization and plant
protection”.

6. • Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam stated that
“Organic agriculture, a holistic system that
focuses on improvement of soil health, use of
local inputs and relatively high intensity use of
local labor, is a admirable fit for dry lands in
many ways and the dry land offer many benefits
that would make it relatively easy to
implement.”
source: w w w . g j a r . o r g

7. Father of Organic farming

8. NEED FOR ORGANIC FARMING
1. Using less technological innovations,
2. Sustainable soil management,
3. Pollution free environment,
4. Efficient use of agriculture inputs as well as
production of poison free foods ..
5. Rapidly degrading soil fertility status.
6. Increased cost of production
7. Health hazards.

10. Inorganic V/s Organic farming
Inorganic Farming Organic Farming
Against Nature Harmony with Nature
Soil structure destroyed Soil structure improves
More chemical residues present in crops No chemical residues
Low quality produce Premium quality
Highly fluctuation in yield Satisfactory and reliable yield

11. Why Organic Food Is Better Than
Conventional Food Organic
• Organic farming is better for wildlife.
• Organic farming is better for the soil.
• Organic food is better for animal reproduction Organic
food helps fight cancer, stroke and heart problems .
• Organic food contains more nutrients.
• Organic farming can feed the world .
• Organic farming protects the climate.
• Organic farming produces higher yields in drought
Conditions.
• Organic food is safer.

13. The International Federation for Organic Agriculture Movement’s (IFOAM)

15. Core principles to Organic Farming
1.Soil Organic Matter
2.Soil Organisms
3.Bacteria & Fungi
4.Organic Fertilizers
5. Natural Predators
6.Balance of envirnoment
7. Diversification

16. Organic manures &Fertilizers

17. Effect of Organic farming
• long-term productivity of the land
• Food security and stability
• Environmental impact
• Social impact

18. • “FoodSecurityexist when all people at all times have physical, social and
economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.”
(FAO, 2002).
Three dimensions of Food Security:
Availability of Food: Food production within the country, food imports
and the previous years stock stored in government granaries,
Accessibility: Food is within reach of every person and
Affordability: An individual has enough money to buy sufficient, safe
and nutritious food to meet one's dietary needs.
The poorest section of the society might be food insecure most of the times
while persons Above the Poverty Line (APL) might also be food insecure
when the country faces:
a)Earthquake
b)Drought
c)Tsunami
d)Flood
e)Famine

19. Policies and Programmes Taken For Food Security

20. Production and Agrarian Issues:
Decreasing Trend in GDP of Agricultural Sector (Central Statistics Office - advance
Estimates 2010-11)
15.7% - 2008-09
14.2% - 2010-11
 Rice and wheat are the two essential food articles on which food
security depends most
 In 2009-10 : Cereals : 15% in total food grain production
Wheat & Rice : 78% in total food grain production
 Decrease in the production of rice and wheat from 3% during the 1980s
to only 1.59% and 1.89% respectively during 2000-01 to 2009-10.
 The per capita availability of milk in India is 263 gram/day which is
much lower than that in developed countries [2009-10]

21. Present Scenario of Food Security in India
India is home to more than 230 million undernourished people - 21%
population [FAO Report on (The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2008]
About 1/2 of the population suffers from chronic under-nutrition
especially Children, Women & Elderly (lower income groups)
The rise in food prices between 2005 and 2007 increased poverty by
3% on an average. Extrapolating these results globally suggest that as a
result of the rise in food prices, total world poverty may have increased
by 73-105 million people [A recent study by World Bank -2008 in 8 countries]
The rising prices have increased 41 million hungry in Asia and 24
million hungry in Sub-Saharan Africa
Among the farmers, 84% are marginal and small farmers operating not
more than 2 hectares of land

22. Production and Agrarian Issues:
Farmers suicides have continued/increased in some states
Limited exposure of domestic agriculture to international competition
Steeper decline in per capita land availability (shrinking of farm size)
Farming is becoming a non-viable activity & scope for increase in net-sown
areas is limited
Increase in Land degradation in the form of depletion of soil fertility, erosion
and water logging
Decrease in the surface irrigation expansion rate & in ground water table
Disparities in productivity across regions and crops, between rainfed and
irrigated areas

26. Major producing crops under
organic farming
Type Products
Commodity Tea, Coffee, Rice, Wheat
Spices Cardamom, Black pepper, white pepper, ginger, turmeric,
vanilla, mustard, tamarind, clove, cinnamon, nutmeg, mace
chilly
Pulses Red Gram, Black Gram
Fruits Mango, Banana, Pineapple, Grape, passion fruit, Orange,
Cashew nut, walnut
Vegetables Okra, Brinjal, Garlic, Onion, Tomato, Potato
Oilseeds Sesame, castor, sunflower
Others Cotton, herbal extract
Garibay and Jyoti(2003

28. ORGANIC FARMING STATUS IN SOUTH INDIA
National Centre of Organic Farming, Ghaziabad

29. Particulars Quantity, tonnes
Floriculture 46,398
Fresh Fruits & Veg. 17,24,574
Processed Fruits & Veg 7,74,849
Animal products 19,32,856
Cereals 97,52,246
Other processed
products
32,20,200
National Centre of Organic Farming, Ghaziabad

31. 2nd Green revolution as organic farming extended area North-East India – vandana Shiva

32. Organic Product Portfolio in India…

33. Organic certification
• Organic certification means having the farm and the
farmer’s methods inspected by an organic certifying
group to ensure that they comply with the guidelines
on organic farming.
• Organic certification improves the image of organic
agriculture and provides transparency in certification.
• Organic standards are defined as minimumproduction
practices including storage, transportation, processing,
handling, packing and labeling requirements which
must be followed for certifying the products as organic.

34. CERTIFICATION IN INDIA
• The Ministy of Commerce launched NPOP(National
Programme for Organic Production) in March 2000,
designed to establish national standards for organic
products, which could then be sold under the logo
“India organic”.
• For the proper implementation of NPOP,
NAPP(National Accreditation Policy and Programme)
has been formulated with Accreditation Regulations
announced in May 2001.
• There are 6 accreditation agencies in India.

35. For TS Organic certification Agency

36. Accreditation agencies in India :-
1. Agriculture Processed Food Products Exports
Development Authority (APEDA).
2. Coffee Board.
3. Spices Board.
4. Coconut Development Board.5. Tea Board.
6. Directorate of Cashew and Cocoa
Development.
Source:- Farm Guide 2009, Farm information Bureau, Government of Kerala

37. Constraints in organic farming
• Government Support
• Lack of Financial support and
• Defined Market structure
• Consumer awareness
• Training
• Certification cost
• Low yield in early stages
• Labour Intensive

38. Challenges
• Transition time to organic
• Policy Initiatives
• Marketing of produce
• Infrastructure and Funds for scientific
studies

39. Organic farming Disadvantages
• Low Productivity
• Skilled labour is required
• Cost effective
• Lack of market facilities

40. Recommendations
• Provide financial incentives
• Research and technology development
• Incentive campaign
• Ensure food security and low-cost
sustainable agriculture.

41. Development of the number of organic producers
1999‐2014

44. STATUS OF ORGANIC FOOD PRODUCTION IN INDIA
Total area under
certified organic
2.8Mha
Total production 0.59 Million tonnes
Total quantity exported 0.02 Million tonnes
Value of total export Rs. 30124 lakh
Number of farmers 141904

46. IMPACT OF ORGANIC FARMING case study (1st VILLAGE EXAMPLE IN TELANGANA)

47. Typical marketing channel of organic
products in India
(Singh, 2009)

49. Energy usage in different corn
production systems
(Pimentel, 2006).

50. Food security framework for the poor in India
K G Karmakar & Gaurang Karmakar , 2012

51. Differences in nutritional status between
Organic and non-organic produce

52. Lockeretz et at. (1978)

53. CASE STUDIES

54. Diet Vit-c (mg) Iron (mg) Magnesium(mg) Phosphorous
(mg)
Organic 89.2 3.7 80.0 124.0
Conventional 67.9 3.0 68.6 111.8
NUTRIENT CONTENT OF AN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL DIET: MILLIGRAMS OF VITAMIN C,
IRON, MAGNESIUM, AND PHOSPHORUS IN ONE DAY’S VEGETABLE INTAKE

56. Influence of organic manures and fertilizers on nutrient uptake, quality
and yield in cabbage during rabi 2010, Rajedranagar.
Srinivasan etal., 2014RDF 100:50:50 kg ha-1 N,P and K

57. 100% RDN 30kg ha-1

58. Grain yield ( t ha -1) in paddy as influenced by different organic sources under organic
farming during kharif 2008 and rabi 2008-09, ARI, Hyderabad.
Figure in row within same season with different letters differ significantly (p= 0.05)
Jagadeeswar et al., 2012

59. Fig.1 Dehydrogenase activity in soil under different nutrient management practices in onion
Sridevi et al., 2011Rajendranagar

60. Sridevi et al., 2011RDF 150:60:60 kg NPK ha-1 Rajendranagar

62. effects foliar spray of urea and soil application of
vermicompost on essential oil and chlorophyll content f Mint.
Mahmmodabad et al. 2014
International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research

63. Grain and straw yield(kg ha-1)-kharif 2005
Treatments Grain yield
Kharif 2005 Rabi
2005
Straw yield
Kharif 2005 Rabi 2005
T1 2997 2507 3215 2715
T2 4995 4494 5900 5400
T3 4250 4006 5010 4510
T4 4016 3524 5515 5015
T5 4002 3500 5720 5220
T6(FYM + Neemcake 90kg Nha-1 ) 5675 5175 6520 6020
T7 4620 4118 4900 4400
T8 4327 3822 5710 5210
T9 4130 3622 5720 5220
T10 5300 4797 6200 5700
T11 4116 3620 5820 5320
T12 4711 4209 5130 4630
SED 106 106 129 129
CD(P=0.05) 218 218 265 265
Krishnakumar et.al 2005

64. Treatments Bulk density(Mg m-3) Hydraulic conductivity
(cm h-1)
Water holding
capacity (%)
Porespace
(%)
T1 1.40 4.40 38.40 52.70
T2 1.40 4.50 38.30 52.70
T3 1.30 5.40 45.70 55.30
T4 1.36 5.10 45.00 55.80
T5 1.32 5.20 45.20 55.90
T6 1.24 6.30 51.20 56.90
T7 1.36 5.10 44.80 54.60
T8 1.27 5.80 47.50 56.80
T9 1.29 4.70 42.70 54.40
T10 1.27 6.10 47.10 56.30
T11 1.32 4.90 42.80 54.90
T12 1.30 4.90 39.50 53.30
T13 1.30 4.70 39.00 53.40
T14 1.30 4.70 39.40 53.40
Mean 1.32 5.13 43.33 54.74
CD (p=0.05) 0.02 0.02 1.30 0.50

65. Chemical composition and quantity of nutrients added to soil through various sources
Organic manures, crop residue management effect on soil
Organic manure/fertilizer Nutrient content
of organic sources (%)
N P K
Quantity of nutrients
added in soil (kg/ha)
N P K
25% N through FYM
(12.50 q/ha)
Phosphocompost
(24.4 q/ha)
25% N through pigeonpea
stalk
(4.46 q/ha)
Phosphocompost
(25 q/ha)
100% RDF - - - 25 50 -
0.48 0.20 0.44
1.23 1.94 0.70
1.40 0.20 0.89
1.23 1.94 0.70
------ ---- ----
6.25 2.50 5.50
30.25 47.35 17.08
6.25 0.90 4.00
30.75 48.50 17.50
25 50 -----
Nagar et al .,2016International Journal of Farm Sciences 2016

66. Effect of organic farming practices on soil and performance of soybean (Glycine max) under
semi-arid tropical conditions in Central India
Crop productivity under different management practices (Mean of 2 years).
Parameter Organic Integrated Inorganic Mean
Seed yield (kg ha-1) 601 498 426 508
Total biomass (kg ha-1) 1927 1807 1587 1774
Harvest index (HI) (%) 31.19 27.56 26.84 28.53
Note: LSD (P < 0.05) for seed yield: management, 30.86; total biomass: management,
92.13; harvest index: management, 3.06.
( Aher et al.) (2015)

67. Benefit cost ratio of sequential crop as influenced by organic and biofertilizers
treatments under paddy based cropping systems
Control 2.18 2.09 1.04 0.68 1.47 1.72 1.53
Azolla 2.72 2.90 1.45 3.33 2.34 2.34 2.21
vermicompost 2.71 2.79 1.30 0.97 1.96 2.02 1.96
Eupatorium 2.57 2.64 1.30 0.92 2.25 1.65 1.89
Glyricidia 3.52 3.45 1.38 1.21 2.15 2.20 2.35
(Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences ) Nayak et.al 2005

68. Food Security and Nutrition: Vision 2020
Projections of Households food demand - All India
(million tons per annum)
2010 2020
Rice 97.99 118.93
Wheat 72.07 92.37
Other Cereals 14.11 15.57
All Cereals 181.12 221.11
Pulses 14.58 19.53
Oilseeds 195.69 230.64
Food grains 106.43 240.64
Milk & Milk products 7.67 165.84
Edible oils 7.67 10.94
Meat and Fish 7.25 10.80
Sugar & Gur 17.23 25.07
Fruits & Vegetables 75.21 113.17
R. Radhakrishna and K. Venkata Reddy 2008

69. Effect of organic manures and vartieties on tillers,yield attributes and yield of rice
Treatment Tillers/m-2 Panicles/m-2 Totalgrains/panicle Filled grains/panicle Grain yield
(kg/ha)
Straw yield
(kg/ha)
HI
(%)
Organic manures
M1-60kg
ha-1 FYM-N
424 294 109 92 3739 5210 41.78
M2-60 kg
ha-1 Neem
leaf –N
479 353 129 101 4127 5739 41.83
M3-60kg
ha-1 sheep
manure -N
451 312 110 88 3914 5517 41.50
M4-60kg
ha-1 Poultry
manure-N
546 376 121 106 4405 5931 42.62
SEm± 14.2 11.8 3.7 3.2 120 147 -
CD(P=0.05) 49 41 13 11 415 509 -
Tejeswara rao etal..,2013International.J.current.Microbiology Applied sciences

70. Effect of different treatments on yield(t ha-1 )of groundnut and economics
Treatment Pod
(t/ha)
Haulm
(t/ha)
Net realization
(Rs ha-1 )
B:C ratio
(Re/Rs)
T1 ( Control) 1.02 1.88 22,750 2.71
T2 Recommended dose of fertilizers
(12.5:25.0 kg NP ha-1)
1.19 2.13 27,815 2.98
T3 (T2 + 40 kg K2O ha-1) 1.24 2.24 29,196 3.03
T4 (T2 + 500 kg gypsum ha-1) 1.28 2.43 31,417 3.21
T5 ( T2 + 10 kg zinc sulphate ha-1) 1.28 2.39 30,611 3.14
T6 ( T2 + spraying 1.0% ferrous
sulphate at 45 and 55 DAS)
1.17 2.26 27,704 2.95
T7 ( T2 + 5 kg borax ha-1) 1.16 2.05 27,124 2.91
T8 (T2 + inoculation (Rhizobium +PSM
each of 1 kg ha-1)
1.22 2.22 28,158 2.80
T9 (50% of T2 + 500 kg castor cake ha-1) 1.43 2.62 35,326 3.33
C.D.(P=0.05) 0.12 0.18
Akbari et.al 2011

71. Colony forming units(cfu) of different microbes during
composting and vermicomposting
Sampling
Period (Days) Bacteria×106
Fungi × 104 Actinomycetes × 105
Noncompost Vermicompost Noncompost Vermicompost Noncompost VC
1 41a 41a 15a 15a 38 a 38a
7 56b 63b 15a 18b 44b 59b
14 62c 79c 18b 22 c 59c 71c
21 70d 96d 20c 26 de 66d 80d
28 77e 126e 20c 28 e 69e 93e
35 80f 101f 23d 27 e 80f 92e
42 85g 96d 25e 23 c 82g 90e
9 93h 92e 22d 19b 86h 87f
Values are g-1 compost, a Nutrient agar, b Rose Bengal agar, c Kenknights agar same
letter are not significantly different (p<0.05)
Journal of Environmental Biology 2009 Haritha Devi et.al 2009

72. Effect of different sources of organic manures on
Cane yield and sugar yield (t/ha) at harvest of sugarcane plant – ratoon system.
Treatments Cane yield
(t/ha)
Sugar
yield(t/ha)
Plant Ratoon Plant Ratoon
RDF(112-100-120NPK kg/ha ) 87.42 80.22 11.06 9.72
FYM (25t/ha)+RDF (10.62) 84.90 94.18 86.12 12.92
PMC (12 t/ha) + RDF 90.12 84.88 11.67 10.36
VC (2.5t/ha) + RDF 93.88 85.94 12.59 10.60
NADEP compost
(5.0 t/ha) + RDF
91.58 82.12 12.20 10.14
CD (5 %) 4.52 3.59 1.52 1.26
Rama Lakshmi et.al 2011INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

73. Yield parameters, yield and quality of table purpose groundnut
as influenced by organic nutrient management
Ramakrishna et al., 2015

74. Effect of different organic treatments on the performance of okra
Sl.no Treatment
Height (cm)
No.fruits
per plant
Yield
(t ha )
BC ratio
Crude (%)
Q u a l i t y
Characters
Moisture(%)
T1 FYM @ 20 t ha-1 19.3 10.39 10.31 87.4
T2 Vermicompost @ 5 t ha 11.0 8.65 13.40 87.5
T3 Neemcake @ 2 t ha 15.6 9.13 13.00 88.1
T4 Poultry manure 5 t ha 11.0 8.58 13.20 88.0
T5 FYM @ 10 t ha +
Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha
13.7 9.81 11.44 87.9
T6 FYM @ 10 t ha +
Neemcake @ 2.5 t ha
15.7 9.46 14.86 87.7
T7 FYM @ 10 t ha + Poultry
manure @ 2.5 t ha
15.0 9.26 14.56 88.5
T8 Vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha +
Neemcake 1 t ha
15.0 8.24 12.93 88.3
CD (5%) 2.25 0.01 - -
Premsekhar, M. and. Rajashree, V. 2009
American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 2009

75. Effect of organics on growth, yield and biochemical parameters of chilli
(Capsicum annum L.)
The effect of organics on yield parameters Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b Carotenoid, ,
Protein, Ascorbic acid chilli (Capsicum annum L.) c versus : Suryamukhi.
Treatment Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Carotenoid Protein Ascorbic acid
Control 0.38 0.60 0.22 014 1.14
FYM(12.5t/ha) 0.42 0.85 0.23 0.17 1.35
Vermicompost(2.5t/ha) 0.49 0.90 0.26 0.18 1.48
Biofertilizer (@2.5kg/ha
Azospirillum+2.5kg/ha PSB)
0.41 0.87 0.24 0.16 1.28
FYM(12.5t/ha)+ Biofertilizer
(@2.5kg/ha
Azospirillum+2.5kg/ha PSB)
0.58 0.91 0.27 0.22 1.52
Vermicompost(2.5t/ha)+
Biofertilizer (@2.5 kg/ha
Azospirillum+ 2.5kg/ha PSB)
0.55 0.80 0.29 0.19 1.51
FYM (12.5t/ha) +
Vermicompost (2.5t/ha)
+Biofertilizer(@2.5kg/ha
Azospirillum+ 2.5kg/ha PSB)
0.59 0.92 0.31 0.25 1.62
Chandra kishor Singh et.al 2014IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science

76. Effect of different organic manures on yield attributes of turmeric (mean of 2 years).
Treatment Primaryfingers/plant Secondaryfingers/plant Rhizome
weight/plant (g)
Yield
(t/ha)
Control 5.8 8.6 285.0 19.36
FYM@18t/ha 6.6 16.8 597 39.29
Poultry manure
6.4 14.0 583 38.63
Pig manure 5.5 12.2 483 30.83
Rabbit manure 6.2 10.2 411 27.34
Bioplus 6.0 9.0 315 22.43
Neem Shield 6.0 11.0 421.5 28.99
100% NPK 5.6 10.6 430.0 29.58
CD (P = 0.05) 0.4 1.2 40.3 1.05
Indian Journal of Horticulture,2007 Sanwal et.al 2007

77. Effect of different organic manures on quality traits of turmeric
Treatment Curcumin(%) Oleoresin(%)
Control 5.02 6.68
FYM @ 18t/ha 6.35 8.96
Poultry manure 6.50 8.99
Pig manure 6.40 8.19
Rabbit manure 6.45 8.06
Bio plus 6.45 8.04
Neem shield 6.76 8.30
100%NPK 6.27 8.73
CD(P=0.05) 0.22 0.41
Sanwal et.al 2007Indian Journal of Horticulture,2007

78. Test weight (g), grain yield (t ha-1), stover yield (t ha-1) and Protein content (%)
of sorghum as influenced by different organic nutrient sources
Bharath et al., 2015

79. Grain yield ( t ha -1) in paddy as influenced by different organic sources
under organic farming during kharif 2008 and rabi 2008-09, ARI,Hyderabad.

80. Grain yield ( t ha -1) as influenced by varieties under organic farming during
kharif 2008 and rabi 2008-09,Rice section, ARI, Hyderabad.

81. Managing soil fertility in organic
farming systems
Watson et.al 2005Source : Archived at http://orgprints.org/8060

82. Developing appropriate and strong extension services.
Developing strong linkage between producer and consumer.
Reducing the cost of certification and easily approachable to farmer.
Making the organic inputs available to small holders like bio-fertilizer and
bio-pesticide.
Developing the domestic market.
Providing subsidies and other financial support.
Enhancing linkages in the supply chain promoting research on organic
agricultural research and development.
Providing regular training on organic agriculture.
Maintain a stable resource balance.
 Avoid over exploitation of renewable resource.
Conserving inherent soil nutritional quality and soil health, and biodiversity.
CONCLUSIONS:

83. FUTURE PROSPECTS:
• The movement started with developed world is gradually picking up in
developing countries. But demand is still concentrated in developed and
most affluent countries.
• Local demand for organic food is growing.
• India is poised for faster growth with growing domestic market.
• Success of organic movement in India depends upon the growth of its
own domestic markets.
• India has traditionally been a country of organic agriculture, but the
growth of modern scientific, input intensive agriculture has pushed it to
wall.
• But with the increasing awareness about the safety and quality of foods,
long term sustainability of the system and accumulating evidences of
being equally productive,
• The organic farming has emerged as an alternative system of farming
which not only addresses the quality and sustainability concerns, but also
ensures a debt free, profitable livelihood option and secure the food grain.

84. References
Akbari, K.N., Kanzaria, K.K., Vora, V.D., Sutaria, G.S and Padmani, D. R. 2011. Nutrient
Management Practices for Sustaining Groundnut Yield and Soil Productivity on Sandy
Loam Soils. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science. 59 (3) : 308-311.
Krishnakumar,S.,Saravanan,A., Ramesh,K., Natarajan,S.K., Veerabadran,V and Mani,S. 2005
Organic farming: Impact on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Productivity and Soil Health. Asian Journal of
Plant sciences. 4 (5) : 510-512.
Rama Laxmi, Ch.S., Sreelatha, T., Usha Rani, T. Rao, S. R. K. and Naidu, N .V 2011.Effect of
organic manures on soil fertility and productivity in North coastal zone of A.P. Indian
Journal of Agricultural Research. 45(4) : 307-313.
Ramakrishna,K., Suneetha Devi,K.B.,Vani,K.P.,Sailaja,V 2016. Nodule, plant and yield
characters of organically grown table purpose groundnut as influenced by Integrated
Nutrient Management. Ecosystem Environmental and Conservation 22(4) : 2016.
Srinivasan, R., Jeevan Rao, K., Sailaja, V and Kalaivanan,D 2014. Influence of organic manures
and fertilizers on nutrient uptake, yield and quality in cabbage-baby corn cropping sequence.
Journal of Horticultural sciences 64(4) : 444-449

85. THANK YOU ONE AND ALL