Photosynthesisand cellularrespiration
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This document summarizes cellular respiration and its key components. It explains that cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce ATP through three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria, and the electron transport chain in the mitochondria. Glycolysis produces some ATP without oxygen, while the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain generate most ATP through redox reactions that require oxygen. The role of ATP as the energy currency of cells is also described.
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Cell resp
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert the chemical energy in nutrients into a usable form called ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration: aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen and produces 36 ATP per glucose molecule, and anaerobic respiration, which does not use oxygen and produces only 2 ATP per glucose molecule. Aerobic respiration occurs in three main stages - glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain - and takes place primarily in mitochondria.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from glucose and other molecules with oxygen. It occurs in the mitochondria and produces ATP, which cells use to power chemical reactions. There are two types of respiration - aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce a large amount of ATP, while anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and produces only a small amount of ATP through fermentation. Overall, cellular respiration breaks down glucose to produce water, carbon dioxide, and 36 ATP molecules.
Cellular Respiration Notes
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into usable energy (ATP). There are two types of cellular respiration: aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to produce 36 ATP, and anaerobic respiration, which does not use oxygen and produces only 2 net ATP. The process begins with glycolysis in the cytoplasm, which breaks glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules. The cell then undergoes either anaerobic respiration through fermentation, or aerobic respiration in the mitochondria.
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The document discusses cellular respiration and how cells harvest chemical energy from food molecules like glucose. It describes the three main stages of cellular respiration - glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation/electron transport chain. The summary provides an overview of how these stages break down glucose to produce ATP that cells can use as energy to power cellular functions.
Getting energy to make atp part 1 (pp.231-226) answer key
This document is a biology assignment from Centro Escolar Solalto for the 9th Pre-IB Biology class, taught by Javier Aguirre. It provides instructions for students to complete a handout on cellular respiration by investigating key vocabulary terms and answering questions about glycolysis from their textbook. The questions cover topics like the stages of cellular respiration, where glycolysis occurs, what happens during glycolysis, and the role of molecules like ATP, NAD+, and pyruvic acid in energy production.
Bio9 Cellular Respiration Review SlideShow
Cellular respiration involves three main stages:
1. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose molecule.
2. The Krebs cycle produces 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 GTP per glucose.
3. Electron transport chain uses the NADH and FADH2 to produce 34 more ATP per glucose.
Overall, cellular respiration results in the production of 36 ATP from one glucose molecule.
Cell Respiration
Metabolism involves the chemical processes that take place in organisms. There are catabolic pathways that break down molecules and release energy, and anabolic pathways that use energy to build molecules. Energy exists in various forms like kinetic, potential, and activation energy, and it can be transferred and transformed according to the laws of thermodynamics. Cellular respiration uses energy from molecules to make ATP through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, but anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen through fermentation pathways.
Mitochondria lesson the basics of glucose to ATP production
This document provides information about how cells convert food energy into a usable form through cellular respiration. It discusses that glucose is the molecule that cells can directly use for energy but must first be broken down by mitochondria. The mitochondria break down glucose and convert the energy from it into many molecules of ATP through cellular respiration. ATP is the form of energy that cells can directly use to power their functions and work. The document seeks to explain this process to students through diagrams, examples, and questions to help them understand how food energy is converted into a usable form in cells through the mitochondria and ATP.
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Cell resp
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert the chemical energy in nutrients into a usable form called ATP. There are two types of cellular respiration: aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen and produces 36 ATP per glucose molecule, and anaerobic respiration, which does not use oxygen and produces only 2 ATP per glucose molecule. Aerobic respiration occurs in three main stages - glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain - and takes place primarily in mitochondria.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from glucose and other molecules with oxygen. It occurs in the mitochondria and produces ATP, which cells use to power chemical reactions. There are two types of respiration - aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce a large amount of ATP, while anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and produces only a small amount of ATP through fermentation. Overall, cellular respiration breaks down glucose to produce water, carbon dioxide, and 36 ATP molecules.
Cellular Respiration Notes
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into usable energy (ATP). There are two types of cellular respiration: aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to produce 36 ATP, and anaerobic respiration, which does not use oxygen and produces only 2 net ATP. The process begins with glycolysis in the cytoplasm, which breaks glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules. The cell then undergoes either anaerobic respiration through fermentation, or aerobic respiration in the mitochondria.
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The document discusses cellular respiration and how cells harvest chemical energy from food molecules like glucose. It describes the three main stages of cellular respiration - glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation/electron transport chain. The summary provides an overview of how these stages break down glucose to produce ATP that cells can use as energy to power cellular functions.
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This document is a biology assignment from Centro Escolar Solalto for the 9th Pre-IB Biology class, taught by Javier Aguirre. It provides instructions for students to complete a handout on cellular respiration by investigating key vocabulary terms and answering questions about glycolysis from their textbook. The questions cover topics like the stages of cellular respiration, where glycolysis occurs, what happens during glycolysis, and the role of molecules like ATP, NAD+, and pyruvic acid in energy production.
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Cellular respiration involves three main stages:
1. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH per glucose molecule.
2. The Krebs cycle produces 8 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 GTP per glucose.
3. Electron transport chain uses the NADH and FADH2 to produce 34 more ATP per glucose.
Overall, cellular respiration results in the production of 36 ATP from one glucose molecule.
Cell Respiration
Metabolism involves the chemical processes that take place in organisms. There are catabolic pathways that break down molecules and release energy, and anabolic pathways that use energy to build molecules. Energy exists in various forms like kinetic, potential, and activation energy, and it can be transferred and transformed according to the laws of thermodynamics. Cellular respiration uses energy from molecules to make ATP through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, but anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen through fermentation pathways.
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This document provides information about how cells convert food energy into a usable form through cellular respiration. It discusses that glucose is the molecule that cells can directly use for energy but must first be broken down by mitochondria. The mitochondria break down glucose and convert the energy from it into many molecules of ATP through cellular respiration. ATP is the form of energy that cells can directly use to power their functions and work. The document seeks to explain this process to students through diagrams, examples, and questions to help them understand how food energy is converted into a usable form in cells through the mitochondria and ATP.
Cellular respiration introduction general for 9th grade biology
Cellular respiration is the process cells use to release energy from glucose and store it in ATP. It occurs in three stages:
1. Glycolysis breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a small amount of energy as ATP.
2. The citric acid cycle in the mitochondria further breaks down the pyruvate molecules, producing more ATP and electron carriers.
3. The electron transport chain uses oxygen to pump protons out of the mitochondria, powering ATP synthase to produce most of the cell's ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP while fermentation makes only 2 ATP without oxygen.
Cellular respiration introduction for 9th grade biology
Cellular respiration is the process cells use to release energy stored in glucose and store it in ATP. It occurs in three main stages:
1. Glycolysis breaks glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP.
2. The citric acid cycle in the mitochondria further breaks down pyruvate, producing more ATP, CO2, and electron carriers.
3. The electron transport chain uses oxygen to generate most of the cell's ATP through oxidative phosphorylation as electrons are passed through protein complexes, producing up to 36 ATP per glucose molecule.
AP Bio Ch. 9 Anaerobic respiration
Fermentation allows cells to produce ATP without oxygen through substrate-level phosphorylation. Glycolysis proceeds normally to generate pyruvate and NADH, but in the absence of oxygen, NADH donates its electrons to pyruvate instead of entering the electron transport chain. This regenerates NAD+ so glycolysis can continue repeatedly. There are two main types of fermentation: alcohol fermentation produces ethanol, and lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid. Both recycle NAD+ so glycolysis and ATP production can continue anaerobically.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and is the reverse of photosynthesis. Glucose and oxygen are broken down to produce ATP, water, and carbon dioxide through a series of redox reactions. ATP is a high-energy molecule that cells use to power their metabolic functions.
Respiration
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and partially oxidizes glucose to produce pyruvic acid, generating a small amount of ATP. The Krebs cycle then fully oxidizes pyruvic acid in the mitochondria, producing NADH, FADH2, and one GTP molecule. Oxygen is still required for the electron transport chain to generate the majority of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation using the energy from NADH and FADH2.
Anaerobic respiration
This document summarizes anaerobic respiration. It begins by explaining cellular respiration and how cells break down food to produce ATP energy. It then describes glycolysis, which breaks down glucose to pyruvate. When oxygen is limited, anaerobic respiration occurs through fermentation instead of aerobic respiration. Two types of fermentation are lactic acid fermentation, where pyruvate is converted to lactate, and ethanol fermentation, where pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The document also notes that humans undergo anaerobic respiration in muscles during intense exercise when oxygen demands outpace supply.
Anerobic & aerobic respiration
There are two types of respiration: aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to produce ATP, and anaerobic respiration, which does not use oxygen. Aerobic respiration is a multi-step process that occurs in the mitochondria and produces 36-38 ATP. Anaerobic respiration has fewer steps and occurs in the cytoplasm, producing only 2 ATP without oxygen. Both involve glycolysis but aerobic respiration continues with the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain while anaerobic respiration results in lactic acid or ethanol. Aerobic respiration is more efficient but requires oxygen while anaerobic respiration produces less energy in the absence of oxygen.
Cellular respiration
The document discusses cellular respiration, which is the process that produces energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. It occurs mainly in the mitochondria of cells. There are three main steps: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis produces a small amount of ATP and occurs in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle produces more ATP and occurs in the mitochondria. The electron transport chain produces the most ATP and also occurs in the mitochondria. Cellular respiration requires oxygen. In its absence, fermentation occurs, which still uses glycolysis but produces less ATP. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have opposing reactions but work together to sustain life.
Cellular respiration
The document discusses cellular respiration, which is the process that produces energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. It occurs mainly in the mitochondria of cells. There are three main steps: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis produces a small amount of ATP and occurs in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle produces more ATP and occurs in the mitochondria. The electron transport chain produces the most ATP of the three steps and also occurs in the mitochondria. Cellular respiration requires oxygen. In its absence, fermentation occurs, which still uses glycolysis but produces less ATP. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite but complementary processes.
Respiration stage 1
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other nutrients to produce energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondria, where it is further broken down in the Krebs cycle. This is followed by the electron transport chain, where oxygen is the final electron acceptor and water is produced, yielding the majority of ATP. Cellular respiration requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy as waste products.
5. anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and involves two pathways - ethanol fermentation and lactate fermentation. Ethanol fermentation converts pyruvate to ethanol and occurs in yeast and plants, producing CO2 that allows bread to rise. Lactate fermentation converts pyruvate to lactate in skeletal muscles during exertion when oxygen demand exceeds supply, allowing muscles to continue working by recycling NAD+ but building up a toxic "oxygen debt".
Aerobic & anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to break down glucose, releasing energy. This occurs in mitochondria and produces significantly more ATP than anaerobic respiration. During intense exercise, the body shifts to anaerobic respiration which takes place in the cytoplasm when oxygen demand outstrips supply. It generates lactic acid and ATP more quickly but to a lesser extent. The human body repays this oxygen debt through deep breathing after exercise to oxidize lactic acid buildup.
Respiration stage 2
Cellular Respiration is a metabolic process that releases energy from food through oxidation to produce ATP, which provides energy for cells' activities. It involves three main stages: 1) Glycolysis produces some ATP. 2) The Krebs cycle further breaks down molecules and produces more ATP and electron carriers. 3) The electron transport chain uses the electron carriers to produce the most ATP through an energy-releasing process that uses oxygen. Overall, cellular respiration yields 36 ATP through these three stages of breaking down glucose with oxygen.
Power Point 5.1: Cell Energy (Photosynthesis & Respiration)
1) Plants use photosynthesis to capture energy from sunlight and produce glucose food from carbon dioxide and water, while animals obtain energy by eating plants or other animals.
2) Cells release energy stored in food through cellular respiration using oxygen, or through fermentation when oxygen is unavailable.
3) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite but complementary processes - photosynthesis produces oxygen and food, while cellular respiration consumes oxygen and food to release energy.
03.7 biochemistry - cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells via enzyme-catalysis to form ATP, and can take place in the presence or absence of oxygen. The first step, glycolysis, involves breaking down glucose into pyruvate and a small amount of ATP in the cytoplasm without oxygen. Aerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is present, with pyruvate being broken down into carbon dioxide and water in the mitochondria, producing a large yield of ATP. Anaerobic respiration takes place without oxygen, with pyruvate being converted to lactate in human cells or ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeast cells.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
This document provides an overview of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It describes how photosynthesis uses sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. The process occurs in chloroplasts and involves light and dark reactions. It also summarizes how cellular respiration harvests chemical energy from glucose to produce ATP through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain under aerobic conditions or lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
3 7 cell respiration
The document discusses key terms related to cellular respiration, including glycolysis, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, ATP, ATPase, phosphorylation, and defines the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and occurs in mitochondria, producing a large amount of ATP. Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen, and pyruvate is converted to lactate in humans or ethanol in yeast, producing no ATP. The document also notes that cellular respiration is not the same as breathing.
Atp
Bioenergetics is the study of energy in living systems and how organisms utilize energy. Organisms require kinetic or potential energy to function. ATP is a high-energy molecule that cells use to store and transport energy released from exergonic reactions like cellular respiration to power endergonic reactions like biosynthesis. ATP is regenerated through coupling exergonic hydrolysis reactions to endergonic synthesis reactions like dehydration. This coupling allows cells to continuously power metabolic pathways.
Summary of Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration involves three main stages to break down glucose and produce ATP as energy. [1] Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm, producing a small amount of ATP. [2] The pyruvate then enters the mitochondrion, where the citric acid cycle further oxidizes it and produces more ATP and electron carriers. [3] Finally, the electron transport chain uses these carriers to pump protons across a membrane and produce a large amount of ATP through chemiosmosis. Overall, the process fully oxidizes one glucose molecule into 6 carbon dioxide molecules and produces 38 ATP.
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The document is the agenda and lesson plan for a biology class. It discusses aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and only produces 2 ATP through lactic acid or alcohol fermentation.
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Cellular respiration introduction general for 9th grade biology
Cellular respiration is the process cells use to release energy from glucose and store it in ATP. It occurs in three stages:
1. Glycolysis breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules, releasing a small amount of energy as ATP.
2. The citric acid cycle in the mitochondria further breaks down the pyruvate molecules, producing more ATP and electron carriers.
3. The electron transport chain uses oxygen to pump protons out of the mitochondria, powering ATP synthase to produce most of the cell's ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP while fermentation makes only 2 ATP without oxygen.
Cellular respiration introduction for 9th grade biology
Cellular respiration is the process cells use to release energy stored in glucose and store it in ATP. It occurs in three main stages:
1. Glycolysis breaks glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP.
2. The citric acid cycle in the mitochondria further breaks down pyruvate, producing more ATP, CO2, and electron carriers.
3. The electron transport chain uses oxygen to generate most of the cell's ATP through oxidative phosphorylation as electrons are passed through protein complexes, producing up to 36 ATP per glucose molecule.
AP Bio Ch. 9 Anaerobic respiration
Fermentation allows cells to produce ATP without oxygen through substrate-level phosphorylation. Glycolysis proceeds normally to generate pyruvate and NADH, but in the absence of oxygen, NADH donates its electrons to pyruvate instead of entering the electron transport chain. This regenerates NAD+ so glycolysis can continue repeatedly. There are two main types of fermentation: alcohol fermentation produces ethanol, and lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid. Both recycle NAD+ so glycolysis and ATP production can continue anaerobically.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and is the reverse of photosynthesis. Glucose and oxygen are broken down to produce ATP, water, and carbon dioxide through a series of redox reactions. ATP is a high-energy molecule that cells use to power their metabolic functions.
Respiration
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and partially oxidizes glucose to produce pyruvic acid, generating a small amount of ATP. The Krebs cycle then fully oxidizes pyruvic acid in the mitochondria, producing NADH, FADH2, and one GTP molecule. Oxygen is still required for the electron transport chain to generate the majority of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation using the energy from NADH and FADH2.
Anaerobic respiration
This document summarizes anaerobic respiration. It begins by explaining cellular respiration and how cells break down food to produce ATP energy. It then describes glycolysis, which breaks down glucose to pyruvate. When oxygen is limited, anaerobic respiration occurs through fermentation instead of aerobic respiration. Two types of fermentation are lactic acid fermentation, where pyruvate is converted to lactate, and ethanol fermentation, where pyruvate is converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide. The document also notes that humans undergo anaerobic respiration in muscles during intense exercise when oxygen demands outpace supply.
Anerobic & aerobic respiration
There are two types of respiration: aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to produce ATP, and anaerobic respiration, which does not use oxygen. Aerobic respiration is a multi-step process that occurs in the mitochondria and produces 36-38 ATP. Anaerobic respiration has fewer steps and occurs in the cytoplasm, producing only 2 ATP without oxygen. Both involve glycolysis but aerobic respiration continues with the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain while anaerobic respiration results in lactic acid or ethanol. Aerobic respiration is more efficient but requires oxygen while anaerobic respiration produces less energy in the absence of oxygen.
Cellular respiration
The document discusses cellular respiration, which is the process that produces energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. It occurs mainly in the mitochondria of cells. There are three main steps: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis produces a small amount of ATP and occurs in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle produces more ATP and occurs in the mitochondria. The electron transport chain produces the most ATP and also occurs in the mitochondria. Cellular respiration requires oxygen. In its absence, fermentation occurs, which still uses glycolysis but produces less ATP. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration have opposing reactions but work together to sustain life.
Cellular respiration
The document discusses cellular respiration, which is the process that produces energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen. It occurs mainly in the mitochondria of cells. There are three main steps: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis produces a small amount of ATP and occurs in the cytoplasm. The Krebs cycle produces more ATP and occurs in the mitochondria. The electron transport chain produces the most ATP of the three steps and also occurs in the mitochondria. Cellular respiration requires oxygen. In its absence, fermentation occurs, which still uses glycolysis but produces less ATP. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite but complementary processes.
Respiration stage 1
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other nutrients to produce energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondria, where it is further broken down in the Krebs cycle. This is followed by the electron transport chain, where oxygen is the final electron acceptor and water is produced, yielding the majority of ATP. Cellular respiration requires oxygen and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy as waste products.
5. anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and involves two pathways - ethanol fermentation and lactate fermentation. Ethanol fermentation converts pyruvate to ethanol and occurs in yeast and plants, producing CO2 that allows bread to rise. Lactate fermentation converts pyruvate to lactate in skeletal muscles during exertion when oxygen demand exceeds supply, allowing muscles to continue working by recycling NAD+ but building up a toxic "oxygen debt".
Aerobic & anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to break down glucose, releasing energy. This occurs in mitochondria and produces significantly more ATP than anaerobic respiration. During intense exercise, the body shifts to anaerobic respiration which takes place in the cytoplasm when oxygen demand outstrips supply. It generates lactic acid and ATP more quickly but to a lesser extent. The human body repays this oxygen debt through deep breathing after exercise to oxidize lactic acid buildup.
Respiration stage 2
Cellular Respiration is a metabolic process that releases energy from food through oxidation to produce ATP, which provides energy for cells' activities. It involves three main stages: 1) Glycolysis produces some ATP. 2) The Krebs cycle further breaks down molecules and produces more ATP and electron carriers. 3) The electron transport chain uses the electron carriers to produce the most ATP through an energy-releasing process that uses oxygen. Overall, cellular respiration yields 36 ATP through these three stages of breaking down glucose with oxygen.
Power Point 5.1: Cell Energy (Photosynthesis & Respiration)
1) Plants use photosynthesis to capture energy from sunlight and produce glucose food from carbon dioxide and water, while animals obtain energy by eating plants or other animals.
2) Cells release energy stored in food through cellular respiration using oxygen, or through fermentation when oxygen is unavailable.
3) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposite but complementary processes - photosynthesis produces oxygen and food, while cellular respiration consumes oxygen and food to release energy.
03.7 biochemistry - cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells via enzyme-catalysis to form ATP, and can take place in the presence or absence of oxygen. The first step, glycolysis, involves breaking down glucose into pyruvate and a small amount of ATP in the cytoplasm without oxygen. Aerobic respiration occurs when oxygen is present, with pyruvate being broken down into carbon dioxide and water in the mitochondria, producing a large yield of ATP. Anaerobic respiration takes place without oxygen, with pyruvate being converted to lactate in human cells or ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeast cells.
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
This document provides an overview of photosynthesis and cellular respiration. It describes how photosynthesis uses sunlight to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. The process occurs in chloroplasts and involves light and dark reactions. It also summarizes how cellular respiration harvests chemical energy from glucose to produce ATP through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain under aerobic conditions or lactic acid fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
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The document discusses key terms related to cellular respiration, including glycolysis, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, ATP, ATPase, phosphorylation, and defines the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration uses oxygen and occurs in mitochondria, producing a large amount of ATP. Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen, and pyruvate is converted to lactate in humans or ethanol in yeast, producing no ATP. The document also notes that cellular respiration is not the same as breathing.
Atp
Bioenergetics is the study of energy in living systems and how organisms utilize energy. Organisms require kinetic or potential energy to function. ATP is a high-energy molecule that cells use to store and transport energy released from exergonic reactions like cellular respiration to power endergonic reactions like biosynthesis. ATP is regenerated through coupling exergonic hydrolysis reactions to endergonic synthesis reactions like dehydration. This coupling allows cells to continuously power metabolic pathways.
Summary of Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration involves three main stages to break down glucose and produce ATP as energy. [1] Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm, producing a small amount of ATP. [2] The pyruvate then enters the mitochondrion, where the citric acid cycle further oxidizes it and produces more ATP and electron carriers. [3] Finally, the electron transport chain uses these carriers to pump protons across a membrane and produce a large amount of ATP through chemiosmosis. Overall, the process fully oxidizes one glucose molecule into 6 carbon dioxide molecules and produces 38 ATP.
Nov. 2 (aerobic vs. anaerobic)
The document is the agenda and lesson plan for a biology class. It discusses aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen and only produces 2 ATP through lactic acid or alcohol fermentation.
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Cellular respiration introduction general for 9th grade biology
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Cellular respiration introduction for 9th grade biology
Cellular respiration introduction for 9th grade biology
Power Point 5.1: Cell Energy (Photosynthesis & Respiration)
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Cardiovascular system
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, which pumps blood through arteries into capillaries and back to the heart through veins. The heart rate is regulated by the cardiac conduction system and sympathetic and parasympathetic input from the medulla oblongata. Blood pressure is affected by factors like heart rate, blood volume, vessel resistance and viscosity. High blood pressure can lead to health issues, so lifestyle changes and medications are used to treat hypertension. The circulatory system transports blood to tissues and adjusts flow based on the body's needs.
Cell theory
The document discusses the development of cell theory and the scientists who contributed to it. Anton van Leeuwenhoek invented the compound microscope and was the first to observe cells. Robert Hooke coined the term "cell" after observing cork cells. Matthias Schlieden and Theodor Schwann discovered that plants and animals are made of cells, respectively. Rudolf Virchow established that cells only come from pre-existing cells, which became a tenet of cell theory along with cells being the basic unit of structure and function. Francesco Redi and Louis Pasteur also made discoveries that supported the germ theory of disease.
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Cell cycle
1. The cell cycle consists of four main phases - G1, S, G2, and M phase. G1 is a growth phase where the cell prepares for DNA replication, S phase is where DNA replication occurs, G2 is a second growth phase where the cell prepares for mitosis, and M phase is mitosis and cytokinesis where the cell divides.
2. The cell cycle is regulated by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Different cyclins partner with CDKs to control progression through the phases of the cell cycle.
3. p53, p21, and pRb play important roles in regulating the G1 to S phase transition.
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Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration has three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate and produces a small amount of ATP. The citric acid cycle further breaks down pyruvate and produces more ATP and electron carriers. During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed through an electron transport chain which pumps protons across a membrane, establishing a proton gradient. ATP synthase uses this gradient to produce most of the cell's ATP. Fermentation can also produce a small amount of ATP without oxygen. Cellular respiration and fermentation are important catabolic processes that provide energy to fuel anabolism and power cellular functions. Diseases can arise if there are defects in acetyl-Co
Cell Energy 2: Respiration & Fermentation
1. Cellular respiration involves a series of steps to break down glucose and produce ATP as energy.
2. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and produces some ATP. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain occur in mitochondria to produce more ATP through aerobic respiration.
3. Without oxygen, glycolysis continues as lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation to produce a small amount of ATP. Large animals use lactic acid fermentation briefly during intense exercise when oxygen is limited.
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a series of reactions where glucose and oxygen are broken down to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose outside the mitochondria, producing some ATP and pyruvate. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondria, where the Krebs cycle further breaks it down, producing more ATP and electrons/hydrogen. These electrons are passed through the electron transport chain, producing large amounts of ATP through chemiosmosis as oxygen accepts the electrons. Overall, aerobic cellular respiration produces 36 ATP from one glucose molecule.
Unit 4 Chemical Energy And Atp
1) Cellular respiration converts sugar into ATP using oxygen in mitochondria. It has two main stages - glycolysis and the Krebs cycle/electron transport chain.
2) Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen. It occurs in chloroplasts and has two stages - the light-dependent reactions which capture energy from sunlight, and the light-independent reactions which use that energy to produce sugars.
3) Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue and produce a small amount of ATP without oxygen by converting pyruvate into other molecules like lactic acid or alcohol. It is important for processes like muscle movement and alcohol production.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration occurs in four stages to produce ATP from glucose:
1. Glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm, producing 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate molecules.
2. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA, producing more NADH.
3. Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle in the mitochondria, producing 2 ATP, 2 FADH2, and 6 NADH as carbons are removed and oxidized.
4. Oxidative phosphorylation uses the electron transport chain to produce ATP from NADH and FADH2, yielding up to 34 additional ATP molecules.
Photosynthesisand cellularrespiration
Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms convert glucose into energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in four main stages: glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondria where it is further oxidized, producing NADH and FADH2. These enter the Krebs cycle to produce more NADH and FADH2. Finally, the electron transport chain uses the energy from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons across a membrane, building an electrochemical gradient used to produce a large amount of ATP through oxidative
Sompisi( respiration submision)
Cellular respiration has three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose in the cytoplasm, producing some ATP. The citric acid cycle further breaks down these products in the mitochondria, producing more ATP and electron carriers. Finally, the electron transport chain uses these carriers to produce the most ATP through an electron transport process that requires oxygen. Without oxygen, fermentation takes over to produce a small amount of ATP.
Respiration intro 3.7 and mitochondria
Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose in the presence or absence of oxygen to produce ATP. In aerobic respiration, glucose undergoes glycolysis, producing pyruvate, and then the pyruvate enters the mitochondria and undergoes the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain to yield much more ATP than anaerobic respiration. The mitochondria are specialized organelles that contain an inner membrane with cristae to increase surface area for ATP production via ATP synthase using a proton gradient generated by the electron transport chain.
Cell respiration
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from glucose and other molecules in the presence of oxygen. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP both with and without oxygen. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain use oxygen to break down pyruvate completely, producing much more ATP through multiple biochemical reactions in the mitochondria. Overall, cellular respiration breaks down one glucose molecule to produce 36 ATP molecules, the cell's main energy currency.
Module 6, lesson 2 cell respiration
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from glucose and other molecules in the presence of oxygen. It occurs in three main stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP both with and without oxygen. The Krebs cycle and electron transport chain use oxygen to break down pyruvate completely, producing much more ATP through multiple biochemical reactions in the mitochondria. Overall, cellular respiration breaks down one glucose molecule to produce 36 ATP through these three stages, which cells then use for all their energy needs.
A&P Chapter 04
This document summarizes key concepts about metabolism, including:
1) Metabolism involves both anabolic and catabolic reactions that synthesize and break down molecules. ATP is the main energy currency molecule in cells.
2) Glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain are the main catabolic pathways that break down glucose and other fuels to generate ATP through cellular respiration.
3) Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis are important reaction types in metabolism. Enzymes catalyze metabolic reactions and are essential for metabolic pathways and cellular function.
Cellular respiration
1) Cellular respiration uses oxygen and food to produce energy in the form of ATP through a series of chemical reactions.
2) There are two types of cellular respiration: aerobic respiration which uses oxygen to produce 38 ATP and anaerobic respiration which produces only 2 ATP without oxygen.
3) Aerobic respiration involves three main stages - glycolysis, the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria, and the electron transport chain - to fully break down glucose and produce large amounts of ATP through chemiosmosis.
Cellular Energetics
The document provides information about energy and how ATP is used to store and transport energy in cells. It discusses how ATP is formed through cellular respiration, with glycolysis generating ATP without oxygen and the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain producing more ATP with oxygen. Photosynthesis is also summarized, explaining how plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration involves the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen to release energy. Glucose is broken down into pyruvate which enters the mitochondria, undergoing further breakdown through glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain. This releases carbon dioxide, water, and generates up to 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule for energy in the cell.
Revision Respiration
Respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose and other organic molecules to extract energy to power cellular processes. It involves three main stages: glycolysis in the cytoplasm, the link reaction producing acetyl CoA, and the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria. These stages release energy that is captured in ATP molecules and electron carriers like NADH and FADH2, which will be used later in the electron transport chain to produce more ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Photosynthesis to Respiration
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together to provide energy for life. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The glucose is used by plants and animals through cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose and uses oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP as a form of chemical energy. The ATP produced through respiration powers cellular processes and activities that allow organisms to function.
Biology Project
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration work together to provide energy for life. Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The glucose is used by plants and animals through cellular respiration, which breaks down glucose and uses oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP as a form of chemical energy. The ATP produced through respiration powers cellular processes and activities that keep organisms alive.
number 18 please explain thanks the membrane they enable mechan.pdf
number 18 please explain
thanks the membrane they enable mechanicol work such as bacterial bacteria flagel rotating this
reaction? ATP Yield 16. What is a by-product of Events/ Products electrons and protons that
They were used to donate oxidation of glucose ATP into water and created the turned oxygen
molecules molecule molecules inder of the 32 ATP Production of 2 reduced process by which
ATP is 17, Chemiasmosis is the produced es hydrogen ions Production of 2 reduced move down
their concentration enzyme is involved in this coenzyme gradient. What protein process? ATP
synthase Release of 2 molecules summary of ATP synthesis Phosphorylation of 2 ADP
molecules 18 Complete the following summary of cellular respiration l I Release of 4 molecules
of CO2 Production of 8 reduced Up to ATP maximum
Solution
Ques-18:
Summary of ATP synthesis during cellular respiration:
Cellular respiration is the utilization of oxygen by the cell for the synthesis of metabolic products
such as sugars, fats, proteins etc. In humans, cellular respiration takes place in cytosol & in the
mitochondria (power hoses of the cell), in which the most of the metabolic processes takes place.
Blood carries the oxygen to each cell in the body and again collects the carbon dioxide.
C6H12O6 (glucose as substrate) + 6 O2 (g) 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (liq) + heat
In this reaction, glucose oxidized and oxygen reduced.
Glucose ----> 686 kcal/mol of free energy
One ATP ----> produce 7.3 kcal/mol
Now 7.3 x 36 (ATP produced from one mole of glucose via glycolysis, Kreb\'s cycle, oxidative
posphorylation) = 262.8 kcal/mol for all ATP\'s produced
262.8 / 686 = 38.3% energy efficiency & it is recovered from aerobic respiration of one mole of
glucose
The remaining 423.2 kcal/mole is the energy used for the other cellular miscellaneous activities
such as some of the phosphorylation processes are mediated by ATP in both glycolysis, Krebs’s
cycle as well as during electron transport. Therefore, remaining 61.6% energy utilized during
enzymatic reaction mediated by substrate level phosphorylation reactions of cellular respiration.
The first step in cellular respiration is glycolysis.
Total per one glucose molecule ---> 4 CO2 generated
Two citric acid cycles
Two glycolysis cycles
Glycolysis is an anaerobic process & takes place in cytosol, through which one glucose
molecules is breakdown into two molecules of three-carbon pyruvate. The glycolysis of each
glucose molecule generates 2 ATP molecules. ATP synthesis from anaerobic process is via
glycolysis of glucose in the presence of various enzymes.
Glucose + 2 NAD+ (oxidized) + 2 Pi + 2 ADP 2 pyruvate + 2 NADH (reduced) + 2 ATP + 2 H+
+ 2 H2O + heat
Citric acid cycle:
The pyruvate generated by the glycolysis is converted into acetyl-CoA that enters into the citric
acid cycle. Citric acid cycle involves a series of reactions that occur in the presence of oxygen.
Citric acid cycle generates NADH, which enters into the oxidative phosphorylation process. This
.
Cellular Energy Transfer (Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle) and ATP
This presentation is all about Cellular Energy Transfer with reference to Glycolysis and Kreb Cycle with all their stages involved.
It also includes ATP production in the body, its importance, structure.
Also contains a comparison of energy production in Krebs and Glycolysis cycle.
Chapter 9 Biology I
ATP is the energy storing molecule in cells. [1] It releases energy quickly whenever a cell needs it. [2] Photosynthesis uses sunlight to produce ATP, oxygen, and glucose from carbon dioxide and water. [3] It occurs in chloroplasts and has two stages - the light-dependent reaction produces ATP and NADPH, while the light-independent Calvin cycle uses these to produce glucose.
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