There are two types of respiration: aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen to produce ATP, and anaerobic respiration, which does not use oxygen. Aerobic respiration is a multi-step process that occurs in the mitochondria and produces 36-38 ATP. Anaerobic respiration has fewer steps and occurs in the cytoplasm, producing only 2 ATP without oxygen. Both involve glycolysis but aerobic respiration continues with the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain while anaerobic respiration results in lactic acid or ethanol. Aerobic respiration is more efficient but requires oxygen while anaerobic respiration produces less energy in the absence of oxygen.

1. Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration

2. Respiration
Respiration is the process of making ATP from
glucose(C6H12O6)
There are two types respiration:
1.Aerobic respiration
2.Anaerobic respiration

3. Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration is the process of producing cellular energy
involving Oxygen.Its a multistep process that producess
roughly 36 ATP.
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP
There are four steps of Aerobic respiration:
1.Glycolysis(Creating 3 carbon containing pyruvic acid) from
glucose.
2.Creating 2 carbon containing Acetyl-CoA from Pyruvic acid
3.Tri Carboxylic Acid Cycle(Crebs Cycle)
4.Electron Transport system(Oxydative Phosphorilation)

4. Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic respiration is the process of producing
cellular energy without Oxygen.
C6H12O6 ->2CH3CH2OH/CH3-CO-COOH+ATP(56
K Cal/mol)
There are two steps of Anaerobic respiration:
1.Glycolysis(Creating 3 carbon containing
pyruvic acid)
2.Creating ethyl alcohol or lactic acid from
pyruvic acid.

5. Glycolysis
1.Glycolysis(Creating 3 carbon containing
pyruvic acid)

6. Creating Acetyl Co-A from Pyruvic acid
• Pyruvic acid + TPP -> TPP Compound +CO2
(Decarboxylase enzyme)
• TPP(Thiamine Pyrophosphate)
• TPP Compound + Lipoic acid->Acetyl Lipoic
Acid Compound +TPP(Transacetylase enzyme)
• Acetyl Lipoic Acid Compound + Co-A ->Acetyl
Co-A + Lypoic Acid(Reduction)
• Lypoic Acid(Reduction) + NAD -> Lypoic
Acid(Oxidation)

7. Heat emission Test at Respiration

8. Carbondioxide emission test in
Anareobic respiration

9. Electron Transport System(ETS)

10. What is Electron transport system?
Electron transport chain is a series of electron
transporters embadded in the inner mitochondrial
membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2
to molecular oxygen.
From FADH2 there produce 2ATP
From NADH2 there produce 3ATP
NADH2,FADH2 and Co.Q passes H+
O2 is transferred from cyt.a3 which received 2H+ and
produced H2O.Oxygen comes from the air.

11. Electron Transport System
• Final step of aerobic respiration.
• Most ATP and metabolic water generated in this
step.
• Located in inner mitochondrial member ( cristae &
oxysomes).
Individual members are called electron carriers.
• Electrons from NADH and Succinate pass through
the ETS to oxygen,which is reduced to water.

12. Total ATP Production

13. Anaerobic Respiration
It takes place in two steps
Glycolysis
Incomplete Oxidation of Pyruvic Acid

14. Incomplete Oxidation of Pyruvic Acid
• Pyruvic acid is incompletely oxidized to form
ethanol and carbon-dioxide or lactic acid only.
• There are two step of Pyruvic acid.
1.Formation of ethanol
2.Formation of lactic acid.

15. Formation of Ethanol
Step 1:Pyruvic acid is converted to acetaldehyde
by activity of carboxylase enzyme.One molecule
of CO2 also formed in this process.
CH3-CO-COOH
Carbonoxylase
CO2 CH3-CHO
Acetaldehyde

16. Cont..…
Step 2:In the second step ,acetaldehyde is
converted to ethanol by receiving to hydrogen
atoms from NADH+H+ is presence of the enzyme
dehydrogenase.
CH3-CHO(Acetaldehyde)
NADH+H+ NAD
Dehydrogenase
CH3-CH2-OH
Ethanol

17. Formation of Lactic Acid
In this case pyruvic acid is converted to lactic
acid by receiving two hydrogen atoms from
NADH+H+ in presence of dehydrogenase
enzyme.Lactic acid is not formed in higher
plants but it is formed sufficiently in the muscles
of animal.
CH3-CO-COOH CH3-CHOH-COOH +36 Kcl
NADH+H+
NAD

18. Comparison of Aerobic & Anaerobic
resperiation.

19. BASIS FOR COMPARISON AEROBIC
RESPIRATION ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
Definition
• The breakdown of glucose in the presence of
oxygen to produce more amount of energy is
called as aerobic respiration.
• The breakdown of glucose in the absence of
oxygen to produce energy is called as
anaerobic respiration.

20. Chemical Equation
• Glucose + Oxygen gives Carbon dioxide +water + energy
• Glucose gives Lactic acid + energy
** It occurs in
• The cytoplasm to mitochondria.
• Takes place in cytoplasm only.
** Energy produced
• The high amount of energy is produced.
• Less amount of energy produced.
**Number of ATP
• 38 ATP.
• 2 ATP. Released.
** Final product is
• Carbon dioxide and water.
• Lactic acid (animal cells), carbon dioxide and ethanol (plant cell).

21. It requires
• Oxygen and glucose to produce energy.
• It does not require oxygen but uses glucose to
produce energy.
It involves
• 1. Glycolysis - also called Embden-Meyerhof-
Parnas(EMP) pathway.
2. The respiratory chain (electron transport and
oxidative phosphorylation).
3. The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), also known as
the citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle.

22. Importance of Resperiation
The importence of resperiation in the life of any living being is very
high. The suspension of respiration process indicates the death of
particular cell of that organism. The importance of resperiation in plant
life given below….
1. Energy is necessary to carry out every biological process for all
living being .This useful energy comes through resperiation process.
2. The co2 is released by the resperiation process are directly or
indirectly used in the process of photosynthesis and manufacture food
materials.
3. Resperiation process plays a vital role in absorption of mineral salt
by plant. The rate of salt absorption reduces with the reduction of
resperiation rate.
4. This process helps in production of different secondary base
organic acid thus helps in other biological activities of life.