Cell Energy 2: Respiration & Fermentation

1. CELL ENERGY 2
Cellular Respiration
ppt. by Robin D. Seamon

2. ENERGY
MOVEMENT
VOCABULARY

3. We’ve learned that autotrophs make their own food-
glucose, and that they begin the energy web.
Now what?
The glucose needs to be converted (chemical
reaction) into a form that cells can USE…

4. SUN
light
energy CHLOROPLAST
chemical
energy
Glucose&
Oxygen
MITOCHONDRIA
chemical
energy
Water &
CO2
CELL PROCESSES thermal
energy (heat)
ATP
chemical
energy

5. Remember the equation for photosynthesis?
REACTANTS PRODUCTS

6. (Check out the reactants & the products)
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O 32- 38
ATP
This is the equation for cellular respiration.
(ATP is the energy currency
that all organisms can use)

7. Remember the equation for photosynthesis?
(Check out the reactants & the products)
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
This is the equation for cellular respiration.
32- 38
ATP

8. The products of photosynthesis are the reactants
for cellular respiration!
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
REACTANTS PRODUCTS
32- 38
ATP

9. LOOKING CLOSER
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
38
ATP
One molecule of glucose supplies 32- 38 ATP
molecules that the cells may use for Energy.
1
glucose
molecule
6
oxygen
molecules
6
water
molecules
6
carbon
dioxide
molecules
YIELDS+ + 38
ATP

10. LOOKING CLOSER
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
38
ATP
1
glucose
molecule
6
oxygen
molecules
6
water
molecules
6
carbon
dioxide
molecules
YIELDS+ + 38
ATP

11. How do we get the reactants or “ingredients” for
the reaction?
1. Eating food (to obtain glucose)
2. Breathing (to obtain oxygen)
… raw materials
for the cells of
the body

12. Human Digestion
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

13. Human Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

14. 1. Oxygen is breathed in through the
nose/mouth & enters the lungs
2. Alveoli in the lungs meet blood vessels
& exchange oxygen with simple
diffusion across the membrane
3. Carbon dioxide: a
waste product in
cellular respiration
travels back to your
lungs via the blood
stream and diffuses
back into lungs to be
breathed out

16. Where does this occur?

17. Mitochondria
The folds of the cristae inside the mitochondria
provide more surface area for the chemical reaction
to occur.

18. ATP Energy:
What is it?

19. ATP / ADP Cycle
• ATP is the universal energy source for all
living things
• “Energy currency”
• Used to store & transport energy
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate

20. ADP ATP
- P
Release energy
+ P
Release energy
Low energy:
dead battery
High energy:
charged battery
Energy is stored in phosphate
bonds.
When a cell has energy available it will store small amounts of
it by adding a phosphate group to ADP.
When a cell needs energy, the third phosphate is removed,
releasing energy for the cell.

21. ATP
Adenosine triphosphate: GAINS a P
BREAK IT DOWN
tri- 3
phosphate- has P SUGAR
3 phosphate
groups
A = one of
the nucleic
acids
HIGH Energy Bond
*Adding P stores
energy
*Removing P
releases energy

22. ADP
Adenosine diphosphate: LOST a P
BREAK IT DOWN
di- 2
phosphate- has P
SUGAR
3 phosphate
groups
A = one of
the nucleic
acids
HIGH Energy Bond
broken releases energy
*Adding P stores
energy
*Removing P
releases energy

23. ATP/ ADP Cycle
ATP / ADP is like a rechargeable battery
1. ATP holds the energy in the phosphate
bonds.
2. Energy is released when the phosphate
bonds are broken.
3. ADP is “recharged” to ATP by replacing the
used phosphate.
ATP is continuously being made & must be
regenerated. A working muscle cell consumes 10
million ATP per second.

24. ATP

25. Mitochondria Diagram

26. CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
VOCABULARY

27. Cellular Respiration: breaking down glucose in
the presence of oxygen to make ATP
NOT ALL ORGANISMS USE OXYGEN!
(more on that in a minute)
THERE ARE
2 TYPES OF RESPIRATION
1. Aerobic respiration: requires oxygen
2. Anaerobic respiration: does NOT require
oxygen

28. Cellular Respiration: breaking down glucose in
the presence of oxygen to make ATP
3 MAIN STAGES
1. Glycolysis (anaerobic: no oxygen)
2. Krebs Cycle (aerobic)
3. Electron Transport Chain (aerobic)

29. Glycolysis- occurs in
the cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle &
electron
transport chain
occur in the
mitochondria
(VERY simple organisms
can get by with just doing
this)
(More complex
eukaryotes must do
these next two steps
too.)

30. 1. Glycolysis- process in which one molecule
of glucose is oxidized to produce two
molecules of pyruvic acid
• No oxygen present
• Occurs in the cytoplasm
• Inefficient and short term… only produces
2 molecules of pyruvic acid

31. For aerobic organisms (like ourselves) the next
steps happen in the mitochondria for ATP
production (Krebs Cycle & electron transport
chain.)
However, if we exercise vigorously, muscles can
run out of oxygen.
• Muscles turn glucose into lactic acid.
• Lactic acid makes muscles cramp and burn:
• lactic acid fermentation- no oxygen
required/no mitochondria required

32. Lactic Acid Fermentation
How many ATP are produced?
Is this as efficient as aerobic respiration?
Why?
REACTANTS PRODUCTS

33. Glycogen
Glucose
No
oxygen
oxygen
Store of
carbohydrates =
Lactic
Acid
and
2 ATP
CO2
and 32
– 38
ATP

34. • During exercise or physical work, cells use
ATP first.
• After 90 seconds, lactic acid fermentation
begins to provide ATP
• After longer exertions,
aerobic respiration
takes over (other way
is too inefficient)

36. Lactic Fermentation
• Anaerobic
• Occurs in the cytosol
• Only makes 2 ATP so only small yeast,
bacteria, and molds use this to live

37. Large animals like us cannot use lactic
fermentation for long.
Smaller microorganisms such as bacteria, mold
and yeast use lactic fermentation (anaerobic) all
the time since they require little ATP to survive
Yogurt & cheese: products of bacterial lactic
fermentation

38. This chemical reaction produces alcohol and
carbon dioxide
We use it to make beer, liquor, & wine
We use it to make yeast bread (carbon dioxide
bubbles make the “holes” in bread)
Alcoholic Fermentation
Bubble s in bread
Alcohol

39. Products of yeast
respiration as they
use sugar:

40. DETAIL