Performance of second order system
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This presentation discusses the performance of a second-order system. It covers standard test input signals used to analyze systems, such as steps, ramps, and sinusoids. The response and performance indices of an underdamped second-order system are examined, including oscillatory behavior and effects on rise time and overshoot. Adding a third pole or zero can further impact the system response by changing the dominant system poles.
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This chapter discusses transient response in control systems. It describes how to determine the time response from a transfer function using poles and zeros. For a first order system, the chapter defines the time constant, rise time and settling time. For a second order system, it defines damping ratio, percent overshoot, settling time and peak time. The chapter also discusses higher order systems and how to approximate them as second order systems. Exercises are provided to analyze systems and design feedback control systems based on desired transient response specifications.
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This document discusses time response analysis of control systems. It begins by introducing poles and zeros and their influence on system response. It then examines the transient response of first-order and second-order systems. Key concepts covered include time constant, rise time, settling time, damping ratio, natural frequency, and the different responses based on being underdamped, overdamped or critically damped. The document provides examples of step responses for different system types and calculations of critical response specifications.
SMALL SIGNAL ROTOR ANGLE STABILITY
Small-Signal (or Small Disturbance) Stability is the ability of a power system to maintain synchronism when subjected to small disturbances
such disturbances occur continually on the system due to small variations in loads and generation
disturbance considered sufficiently small if linearization of system equations is permissible for analysis
Corresponds to Liapunov's first method of stability analysis
Small-signal analysis using powerful linear analysis techniques provides valuable information about the inherent dynamic characteristics of the power system and assists in its robust design
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Here's the continuation of the report:
3.2.1 Parallel Plate Capacitor (continued)
As the IV fluid droplets move between the plates of the capacitor, the capacitance increases due to the change in the dielectric constant, resulting in the observation of a peak in capacitance.
3.2.2 Semi-cylindrical Capacitor
The semi-cylindrical capacitor consists of two semi-cylindrical conductors (plates) facing each other with a gap between them. The gap between the plates is filled with a dielectric material, typically the IV fluid.
When a potential difference is applied across the plates, electric field lines form between them. The dielectric material between the plates enhances the capacitance by reducing the electric field strength and increasing the charge storage capacity.
3.2.3 Cylindrical Cross Capacitor
The cylindrical cross capacitor is composed of two cylindrical conductors (rods) intersecting at right angles to form a cross shape. The space between the rods is filled with a dielectric material, such as the IV fluid.
When a potential difference is applied between the rods, electric field lines form between them. The dielectric material between the rods enhances the capacitance by reducing the electric field strength and increasing the charge storage capacity, similar to the semi-cylindrical design.
3.3 Advantages of Capacitive Sensing Approach
Capacitive sensing for IV fluid monitoring offers several advantages over other automated monitoring methods:
1. Non-invasive operation: The sensors do not require direct contact with the IV fluid, reducing the risk of contamination or disruption to the therapy.
2. High sensitivity: Capacitive sensors can detect minute changes in capacitance, enabling precise tracking of IV fluid droplets.
3. Low cost: The sensors can be constructed using relatively inexpensive materials, making them a cost-effective solution.
4. Low power consumption: Capacitive sensors typically have low power requirements, making them suitable for continuous monitoring applications.
5. Ease of implementation: The sensors can be easily integrated into existing IV setups without significant modifications.
6. Stable measurements: Capacitive sensors can provide stable and repeatable measurements across different IV fluid types.
Chapter 4: Experimental Setup and Results
4.1 Description of Experimental Setup
To evaluate the performance of capacitive sensors for IV fluid monitoring, an experimental setup was constructed. The setup included various capacitive sensor designs, such as parallel plate, semi-cylindrical, and cylindrical cross capacitors, positioned around an IV drip chamber.
The sensors were connected to a capacitance measurement circuit, which recorded the changes in capacitance as IV fluid droplets passed through the sensor's electric field. Multiple experiments were conducted using different IV fluid types and flow rates to assess the sensors' accuracy, repeatability, and sensitivity.
4.2 Measurements with
time domain analysis.pptx
Here are the key steps:
1) Identify the second order system transfer function:
C(s)/R(s) = 4/(s^2 + 2s + 4)
2) Compare to the general second order system transfer function:
C(s)/R(s) = ωn^2/(s^2 + 2ζωns + ωn^2)
3) Equate coefficients:
ωn^2 = 4
2ζωn = 2
ωn = 2
ζ = 1
Therefore, the un-damped natural frequency (ωn) is 2 rad/s and the damping ratio (ζ) is 1.
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学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问微bwp0011
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAM
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
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- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
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- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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Performance of second order system
- 1. PRESENTATION ON PERFORMANCE OF A SECOND- ORDER SYSTEM
- 2. Main content Test input signals Performance of a second-order system Effects of a third pole and a zero on system response Steady-state error analysis
- 3. Introduction Transient response Steady-state response Design specifications How to get compromise? A distinct advantage of feedback control system is the ability to adjust the transient and steady-state response
- 4. Test input signals Step input Ramp input Parabolic input Sinusoidal input Unit impulse input The standard test input signals commonly used are:
- 5. Representation of test signals Step: Ramp: Parabolic: sinusoidal: 22 3 2 2 sin 1 0 2 1 1 0, 1 0),(1 s A tA s tt s tt s tt Input time domain frequency domain
- 6. Unit impulse response otherwise t t ,0 22 , 1 )( Unit impulse: )]([)( 1 sGLtg System impulse response: t sRsGLdrtgty )]()([)()()( 1 System response is the convolution integral of g(t) and r(t):
- 7. Standard test signal The standard test signals are of the general form: n ttr )( And its Laplace transform is: 1 ! )( n s n sR
- 8. Performance indices Time delay t d Rise time t r Peak time t p Settling time t s Percent overshoot % Transient Performance: Steady-state Performance: Steady-state error
- 9. Response and performance of a second-order system Model of 2nd-order system Roots of characteristic equation (Poles) 22 2 2)( )( )( sssR sY sT 12 2,1 nns The response depends on and n
- 10. Unit step response of 2nd- order system If ,2 positive real-part roots, unstable If ,2 negative real-part roots, underdamped If ,2 equal negative real roots, critically damped If ,2 distinct negative real roots, overdamped If ,2 complex conjugate roots, undamped 0 10 1 1 0
- 11. Case 1: underdamped Oscillatory response No steady-state error
- 12. Case 2: critically damped Mono-incremental response No Oscillation No steady-state error
- 13. Case 3: overdamped Mono-incremental response slower than critically damped No Oscillation No steady-state error
- 14. Performance evaluation ( underdamped condition) Performance indices evaluation 1 Time delay 2 Rise time 3 Peak time 4 Percent overshoot 5 Settling time
- 15. Effects of a third pole and a zero on 2nd-order system response Effect of a third pole Effect of a third zero Dominant poles
- 16. References 1. Modern Control System by Richarc C. Drof and Robert H. Bishop,11th Edition Person Int. 2. Modern Control Engineering by Katsuhiko Ogata, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall of India. 3. Automatic Control Systems by Benjamin C.Kuo, 8th Edition, Farid Golnaraghi, John Wiley & Sons. 4. Control Systems Engineering by Nagrath and Gopal New Age Publication 5. Feedback and Control Systems by Joseph J Distefano 2nd Edition TMH