Konseling gizi di puskesmas berperan penting dalam pencegahan sindroma metabolik. Sindroma metabolik meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung dan diabetes, yang telah menjadi penyebab kematian utama di Indonesia. Perubahan gaya hidup seperti diet sehat dan aktivitas fisik dapat mengurangi risiko sindroma metabolik.
serbuk terbagi dan serbuk tabur yang gunakan untuk farmas
KonselingGiziPuskesmas
1. Peran Konseling Gizi di Puskesmas
sebagai Upaya Preventif menghindari
percepatan sindroma metabolik
Rulli Rosandi, Putu Moda Arsana
Divisi Endokrinologi, Metabolik dan Diabetes
SMF Ilmu Penyakit Dalam RS.Dr. Saiful Anwar –
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya Malang
2. Latar Belakang
• Indonesia mengalami peningkatan angka penyakit tidak
menular (PTM)
– 41.7 persen di tahun 1995 menjadi 59.5 persen di tahun 2007.
– Penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah menempati urutan teratas
sebagai penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia, dengan 26.9 persen
kematian disebabkan stroke.
• Faktor risiko umum PTM :
– konsumsi makanan yang tidak sehat
– kurangnya aktivitas fisik
– merokok
• Meningkatnya PTM merupakan ancaman serius karena
– peningkatan pembiayaan pemeliharaan kesejahteraan
– menurunnya produktivitas kerja
Kemenkes RI, 2011
9. Definisi Metabolik syndrome
• Kriteria menurut International Diabetes Federation (IDF) :
Obesitas sentral (kriteria Asia : Laki-laki ≥ 90 cm, wanita ≥
80 cm ) ditambah 2 dari 4 faktor yaitu
• Peningkatan Trigliserida ≥ 150 mg/dl, atau sedang dalam terapi
untuk dyslipidemia
• Penurunan HDL Kolesterol < 40 mg/dl
• Peningkatan Tekanan Darah : SBP ≥ 130 mmHg atau DBP ≥ 85
mmHg atau sedang dalam terapi
• Peningkatan glukosa darah puasa ≥ 100 mg/dl atau sebelumnya
sudah di diagnosa sebagai DM Tipe 2
18. Penatalaksanaan Sindroma Metabolik
• Tujuan utama adalah mengurangi resiko terhadap
clinical atherosclerotic disease
– Pengendalian LDL-C, tekanan darah dan gula darah
• Penanganan faktor resiko : obesity, physical inactivity
dan diet )
• Perubahan gaya hidup akan mengurangi semua faktor
resiko metabolik
20. Diabetes prevention strategies and outcomes
Intervention Risk
Therapy Study Reduction
Intensive lifestyle DPP, FDP 58% a
Metformin DPP 31% a
Acarbose STOP-NIDDM 25% a
Pravastatin WOSCOPS 30% a
Ramipril HOPE 34% a
Oestrogen/progesterone HERS 35% a
Intensive lifestyle XENDOS 37% b
+ Orlistat
a versus standard lifestyle advice b versus intensive lifestyle advice
21. U.S. Diabetes Prevention Project
• 3234 subjects with BMI > 34 kg/m2
• Placebo, metformin, and lifestyle modification
• Lifestyle modification goal > 7% weight loss
with diet and exercise ( 150 min / week)
• New onset diabetes: 11% placebo,
7% metformin, 4.8% lifestyle group
NEJM 2002
22. Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
• 522 overweight subjects; Intervention group -
met with dietician 4 x /yr and supervised
exercise vs control group (pamphlet)
• Goals: 1) 5 lb wt loss 2) 15gm of fiber/1000 cal
3) < 30% fat 4) < 10% saturated fat 5) 30
minutes of exercise /day
• Intervention group met 4/5 goals 0% new
diabetes, vs control group met 0 goals 32%
new diabetes
DIABETES CARE, VOLUME 26, NUMBER 12, DECEMBER 2003
35. Barriers to Dietary Adherence
• Restrictive dietary pattern
• Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
• Symptom relief may not be noticable
• Interference of diet with family/personal habits
• Cost, access to proper foods, preparation effort
• Denial or perceiving disease not serious
• Poor understanding of diet/disease link
• Misinformation from unreliable sources
36. Strategies for Maintaining Dietary Change
• Tailoring diet to patient’s needs
• Using social support inside and outside healthcare
setting
• Providing patient and caretaker with skills and
training
• Ensuring an effective patient-counselor relationship
• Evaluation, follow-up, and reinforcement
42. Kesimpulan
• Prevalensi penyakit tidak menular khususnya penyakit
jantung dan pembuluh darah telah menjadi penyebab
kematian utama di Indonesia, serta menjadi ancaman
serius bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat
• Menghindari berat badan berlebih, healthy diet, aktivitas
fisik reguler efektif dan aman dalam pencegahan
sindroma metabolik pada populasi
• Peran konseling gizi di layanan primer adalah sangat
besar
Editor's Notes
In 1988, Reaven [2] proposed that several risk factors for atherosclerotic CVD(ASCVD) (eg, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia) tend to clustertogether in a syndrome that he called syndrome X. Subsequently, syndrome Xwas also called the insulin resistance syndrome because of the belief that insulinresistance is the underlying cause of risk factor clustering. Another term that iswidely employed for this clustering is the metabolic syndrome, the term used byATP III [1]. Although most of the field agrees that ASCVD is the primary outcome,the metabolic syndrome confers increased risk for type 2 diabetes, as well.Moreover, diabetes itself is a major risk factor for ASCVD. Finally, there are otherconditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, fatty liver, cholesterol gallstones,asthma, sleep disturbances, and some forms of cancer, that are found to bemore common in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.In addition, there are several underlying risk factors for the metabolic syndrome:obesity (especially abdominal obesity), physical inactivity, atherogenic diet, primaryinsulin resistance, advancing age, and hormonal factors.
DASH diet (higher in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products and lower in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol).