Planning for teaching, Stages of planning, Year plan, Format of year plan, Unit plan, format of unit plan, lesson plan, bases of lesson plan, Preliminary knowledge and abilities, steps in lesson planning, format of a lesson plan, Characteristics of an effective lesson plan,

1. Planning for
teaching
By
Dr. I. Uma Maheswari
iuma_maheswari@yahoo.co.in

2. Planning for teaching
• Efficient and wise planning is the basis of
successful teaching.
• Planning begins with the goals of teaching
learning situation.
• Planning should be done in terms of the
goals to be achieved.

3. The stages in planning should be:
• Year planning: This determines the
content to be taught in various periods of
a year.
• Unit plan: This includes organization of
the selected materials into meaningful
segments of activity and experience.
• Lesson plan: This is a plan for the daily
work in the classroom.

4. Year plan
• Year plan is an overall course plan consisting of
units and lessons.
• Teacher may consult different textbooks and
instructional materials to plan.
• The yearly plan provides a fresh look to the
learning experiences to be arranged for pupils
and their relationship with the outcomes of
education.
• While planning for the year, the syllabus is
analyzed and topics are listed.

5. • The topics are further analyzed into sub-
topics.
• An overall plan for the year is prepared in
terms of facilities, resources, time etc.
• A teacher should record the time taken for
completing various units.
• The actual teaching is the feed back on
the basis of which teacher can modify the
next yearly plan if necessary.

6. Format
No Topic Sub-topic
Nature of
approach
Facilities &
Resources
Time

7. Unit plan:
• A unit plan is a detailed outline for a series
of interrelated lessons on a selected topic
of study, which lasts for two to four weeks.
• Unit planning is an organized instructional
material, which teachers develop and
select from the available sources to impart
instruction.

8. • Each sub – topic or unit is analysed and
the general instructional objectives are
stated.
• Each general instructional objective is
further analysed and stated into specific
instructional objectives in terms of terminal
behaviours of the learner.
• Then teaching points are prepared,
teaching methods are identified, teaching
aids are selected and methods of
evaluation are decided.

9. • Resource materials for further learning like
reference books, films, film – strips etc.
are also listed.
• Further time needed for each instructional
objective is to be estimated and allocated.

10. unit plan considers the following aspects.
– “why” aspect – deciding and stating
instructional objectives.
– “what” aspect – analysis of the unit.
– “How” aspect – method and learning
experiences.
– “Evidence for achievement” – tool for
evaluation.

11. Format
Subject: class:
Unit :
General Instructional Objectives:
1. …………….
2. …………….
3. …………….
S.No Topics No of
Lessons
Time required Specific
Instruction
&
Objectives
Teaching
method
Teaching
Aids
1
2
3
4
5

12. Lesson Plan
• After planning for the unit we have to
concentrate on the lesson plan.
• Lesson plan is actually a plan of action.
• The teacher has to decide his work in a
particular period.
• He has to plan his tools and materials.
• Lesson plan is a teacher’s mental and
emotional visualization of classroom
activities.

13. • For successful and effective teaching,
lesson plan is very essential.
• Lesson plan explains the objective to be
fulfilled and the teaching methods and aids
to be used.
• A lesson plan is a blue print, a guide map,
a creative piece of work and the chart for
classroom teaching in one period.
• It is systematic approach for the
development of concepts, skills,
understanding etc.

14. • lesson plan is an experience of anticipated
teaching.
• Its focus is mainly on learning outcome of
the learner, and the procedure for learning
process.
• The vivid imagination of the classroom
situation speaks of the classroom
experience.

15. For effective anticipation experience, the
pre-requisites are:
• Mastery of subject matter, the materials
and activities.
• Through knowledge of the environmental
forces. I.e., previous knowledge and
experience of the learners.
• Understanding of psychology of mental
process and laws of learning.
• Understanding of teaching techniques –
goals, aims, skills, methods etc

16. Advantages of lesson planning:
• It helps to think about meaningful learning
experiences to be provided in the classroom.
• It helps to identify specific objectives related to
particular lesson. This in turn may help to
determine the line of action to be provided in
the classroom.
• It helps students to learn specific concepts,
skills and values.
• It provides an outline of content and activities.

17. • It provides opportunity to select and
organize activities that may be helpful in
achieving the objectives.
• It eliminates the chance of trial and error
in teaching.
• It helps to select proper content in
relation to the specific objectives.
• It serves as a creative piece of work
where a teacher can utilize his
knowledge, skills, materials and
experiences.

18. • It provides situation for physical intellectual
and social involvement.
• It helps teacher to provide opportunity for
pupils to satisfy their interests.
• It helps visualize the need of the mixed
ability of the pupils.
• It develops confidence in the science
teacher to teach systematically in a
planned and organized way.

19. Bases of lesson plan
A lesson plan is based on the following
theoretical assumptions.
• Preliminary knowledge and abilities
required.
• Steps followed in writing lesson plan.
• Evaluation of lesson plan.

20. Preliminary knowledge and
abilities:
• Identification of teaching points or
concepts.
• Writing specific objectives.
• Developing learning activities.
• Selecting appropriate teaching
strategies.
• Identifying relevant instructional
materials.
• Writing the test items.

21. Steps in lesson planning:
• General information
• Identification of teaching points
• Writing Instructional Objectives
• Teaching Aids
• Motivation
• Presentation
• Recapitulation
• Home Assignment

22. FORMAT OF A LESSON PLAN
Lesson plan
Name of the trainee : Name of the school :
Subject : Standard :
Unit : Date :
Topic : Time :
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES:
The pupil,
• acquires knowledge about ……………….
• understands ……………….
• applies the knowledge of ……………..in …………….
• acquires the skill of drawing ………………
• develops interest in …………….

23. SPECIFIC INSTRUCIONAL OBJECTIVES: The pupil
1. defines ………………….
2. states ………………….
3. explains ……………….
4. differentiates ………….
5. compares ………………..
6. uses …………….
7. draws ……………….
8. collects / prepares …………….
INSTRUCTIONAL AIDS:
1. ……………
2. ……………
3. ……………

24. TEACHING METHOD:
Steps Content Specific
Behavioural
objectives
Teacher
activities
Students
activities
Evaluation
Motivation
Presentation
Review
Assignment
Signature of the guide teacher Signature of the trainee

25. Characteristics of an effective
lesson plan
A good lesson plan should
• include clearly mentioned instructional
objectives.
• include teaching aid’s how and when to be
used.
• include motivation techniques.
• include evaluation techniques.

26. • include student centred activities.
• be based on teaching skills including set
induction and closure.
• show connection between previous
lessons and future lessons.
• provide sufficient scope for mixed ability
grouping.
• anticipate pupils difficulties and
questions.
• encourage thought provoking and
interesting questions from students.

27. • provide effective illustrations throughout the
period.
• include relevant home assignment.
• provide opportunity to practice skills.
• provide enough opportunity to use new
methods of teaching.
• provide proper time allocation.
• provide for individual differences.
• be relevant to actual situation with particular
reference to the institution, its philosophy and
practices, syllabus, timetable and socio-
economic-cultural background of the learners.