Oxygen therapy provides oxygen to patients through various sources and delivery systems. The amount of oxygen delivered is determined by the flow rate measured in liters per minute, which varies by patient condition and method of administration. Common delivery systems include nasal cannulas, face masks, tents, and catheters. Nasal cannulas are inexpensive and comfortable but deliver a lower concentration of 24-45%, while non-rebreather masks deliver the highest concentration of 95-100%. The appropriate delivery system depends on the patient's needs, comfort, and age.

1. OXYGEN THERAPY JEENA AEJY

2. SOURCES OF OXYGEN WALL OUTLET

3. CYLINDER or TANK

4. OXYGEN FLOW RATES DETERMINES THE AMOUNT OF OXYGEN DELIVERED TO THE PATIENT. MEASURED IN LITERS PER MINUTE. RATE VARIES ACCORDING TO PATIENT’S CONDITION & ROUTE OF O2 ADMINISTRATION

5. TO REGULATE OXYGEN PERCENTAGE CONCENTRATION :- we can take the help of OXYGEN ANALYSERS ABG ANALYSIS PULSEOXYMETRY

6. OXYGEN DELIVERY SYSTEMS A number of systems available Choice depends on client’s O2 needs, comfort and developmental considerations

7. Nasal canula Nasal catheter Trans tracheal catheter Simple mask Partial rebreather mask Non rebreather mask Venturi mask Oxygen tent

8. NASAL CANULA OR NASAL PRONGS

9. Common inexpensive device Easy to apply Does not interfere with eating or talking Relatively comfortable Permits some freedom of movement Well tolerated by clients

10. Delivers relatively low concentration of O2 (24% to 45%) at a flow rate of 2L to 6L per minute. Above 6L/mt client tends to swallow air and FiO2 is not increased.

11. NASAL CATHETER Nasal catheter is infrequently used as it is uncomfortable. May cause trauma It is inserted through nostril with the end of the catheter resting in the oropharynx.

12. Nasal catheter should be changed to another nostril every 8 hours. Gastric distention often occurs.

13. FACE MASKS Oxygen masks is fitted carefully to avoid leakage of O2. Shouldn’t be too tight

14. Commonly used types of masks are:- Simple face masks Partial re breather mask The non rebreather mask Venturi mask

15. Simple face masks Has vents on the sides for the room air to leak in and there by diluting the source O2 Also allows exhaled CO2 to escape Used when increased O2delivery is needed for short periods( e.g. less than 12 hrs)

16. Simple face masks delivers the oxygen concentrations from 40% to 60% At a flow rate of 5L to 8L/minute respectively. Due to the risk of retaining CO2 never apply a simple mask with a delivery rate of less than 5 L/ mt .

17. Partial re breather mask Delivers oxygen concentration of 60% to 90% at a flow rate of 6L to 10L respectively.

18. O2 reservoir bag attached allows the client to re breath about the first third of the exhaled air It increases Fio2 by recycling expired O2. It should not totally deflate.

19. The non rebreather mask Delivers the highest O2 concentration possible(95% to 100%) at a flow rate of 10L To 15L/Mt.

20. One way valves on the mask and between the mask and the reservoir prevent the room air and the client’s exhaled air entering the bag so only oxygen in the bag is inspired. This also should not deflate.

21. Venturi mask Delivers O2 concentrations varying from 24% to 40% or 50% at flow rates of 4L to 10L/mt.

22. The colour of the device reflects the delivered oxygen concentration: 24%: blue ; 28%: white ; 31%: orange ; 35%: yellow; 40%: red ; 60%: green

23. Face tent Designed for patients who cannot wear a mask or nasal prongs (e.g. facial surgery or trauma) Provide varying concentration of oxygen E.g. 30% to 50 % at 4L to 8L/Mt.

24. Trans tracheal oxygen delivery Trans tracheal oxygen therapy is a superior method of delivering oxygen directly into the lungs by a small, flexible catheter which passes from the lower neck into the trachea . IN THIS THE CLIENT REQUIERS LESS O2 (0.5L TO 2L/Mt) as it enters directly into the lungs.

25. In infants: OXYGEN HOOD A rigid plastic dome that encloses an infant’s head. It provides precise O2 levels and high humidity.

26. The gas should not be allowed to blow directly into infants face. And hood should not rub against infant’s neck, chin or shoulder.

27. In children: OXYGEN TENT

28. Rectangular , clear, plastic canopy with outlets that connect to oxygen which is humidified. O2 flow should be 15L/Mt for 5 mts initially and then adjust the flow meter according to the orders. Delivers approximately 30%Of O2

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