This document discusses oxygen administration through nasal cannulae and masks. It begins by introducing oxygen, its properties, sources, and uses in industries and therapy. It then defines oxygen administration and lists the sources of therapeutic oxygen in hospitals. The purposes, indications, equipment, and procedures for administering oxygen via nasal cannula and mask are described in detail. Precautions for oxygen administration and potential side effects are also outlined.

1. NASAL CANAULAE
--OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
--DR. NISAR AHMED ARAIN
Assistant Professor
Anesthesia / Critical Care / ER

2. INTRODUCTION
-Oxygen is a gas found in the air and has no colour,
no smell or taste and is very necessary for the life.
-Oxygen has the symbol O and atomic number eight (8).
-Oxygen makes up 21% of the atmosphere by volume.
-Oxygen is obtained by two (2) methods, that is by
distillation of liquid air and by passing a clean dry air
through a zeolite that absorbs nitrogen and leaves
the oxygen.
-Oxygen is used in industries, water treatment
and as a therapy.

3. DEFINITION
Oxygen administration is
the process by which
supplemented oxygen is
administered in high
concentration than that of
atmospheric air.

4. 1--Wall outlets.
2-- Oxygen cylinders.
a--Stationary
b-- Portable, mobile or ambulatory.
SOURCES OF OXYGEN
IN THE HOSPITALS
Therapeutic oxygen is available
from two sources

5. --To relieve dyspnea.
--To prevent hypoxemia (low level of oxygen
in the blood) and hypoxia (low level of
oxygen in cells).
--To increase oxygenation in the tissues.
PURPOSE OF OXYGEN
ADMINISTRATION

6. INDICATIONS FOR OXYGEN
ADMINISTRATION
Severe respiratory distress (e.g. acute
asthma and pneumonia.)
Intra and post operatively
Hypoxia and hypoxemia
Shock
Severe trauma
Acute myocardial infraction (heart
attack)

7. PRECAUTIONS
FOR OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION
-Avoid naked flames near oxygen cylinder.
-Put a No Smoking sign at the entrance of the
ward and near patients bed to warn others.
-Do not use oil on the oxygen cylinders.
Oil can ignite if exposed to oxygen.
-Do not use electrical gadgets or any article
which can cause sparks near oxygen cylinder.
-Do not give oxygen to a hyperventilated
patient.

8. PRECAUTIONS
FOR OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION
-Keep oxygen cylinders in a dry and cool place
-Mark oxygen cylinder to indicate whether full or
empty.
-Use only carriers with wheel to transport oxygen
cylinders, do not roll the cylinders on the
ground.
-Do not adjust flow meter until instructed.
-Encourage or assist patient to move about in bed
to prevent hypostatic pneumonia or circulatory
difficulties

9. PRECAUTIONS
FOR OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION
-Oxygen source: wall outlets or
oxygen cylinder.
-Flow meter.
-Humidifier filled with
sterile water.
-Oxygen tubing.
-Nasal catheter or Mask.
-Gallipot with cotton swabs.
-Water soluble lubricant.
-Bowl containing water.
-Oxygen precaution sign.

10. Oxygen
cylinders.
Flow
meter
Flow
adjuster
Oxygen
output
Humidifying
bottle Oxygen
input pipe
Pressure
gauge
Oxygen
input plug
Pressure
adjuster
P
ARTOF OXYGENCYLINDER

11. Oxygen
mask.
Nasal
cannula.
Oxygen stand /transporter
P
ARTOF OXYGEN CYLINDER

12. METHODS OF OXYGEN
ADMINISTRATION
There are many ways of administering oxygen to
the patients but the most common methods
used are:
a--By mask or
b--By nasal cannula.

13. OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION BYMASK

14. REQUIREMENTS
-Oxygen source.
-Oxygen tubing.
-Oxygen Mask.
-Bowl containing water.
-Gallipot with cotton
swabs.
-Oxygen precaution sign.
-Gloves.

15. PROCEDURE
-Check doctors orders including the date, time and flow
rate
-Explain purpose and procedure to patient to gain his/her
co-operation and to relieve fear and anxiety
-Observe safety precautions in oxygen in progress and let
this patient other patients and all visitors knows the
dangers involved.
-Wash hands and dry.
-Assemble the equipment's.
-Make patient comfortable in bed.

16. PROCEDURE
-Attach the flow meter with humidifier filled with 1/3 of
water and pressure gauge to the threaded outlet of the
oxygen cylinder.
-Connect the tubing from the mask to the outlet on the
humidifier.
-Turn on the key on the oxygen cylinder and put the end of
tubing in the bowl of water to test for the flow of
oxygen.
-Apply the mask over patients nose and mouth and adjust
the elastic strap over clients head to keep the mask in
position.
-Use gauze or cotton swab to reduce irritation caused by
the elastic strap especially on patients scalp and ears.
-Regulate flow meter as prescribed e.g. 2-3 liters/minute in
adults and half-2 liters in children.

17. PROCEDURE
-Stand by to observe the flow of oxygen for some time
before leaving the patients bed side.
-Document the procedure and wash hands.
-Regularly check on patient for any abnormalities.
-Regularly check the flow meter and gauge for the
amount of oxygen in the cylinder and the water level
in the humidifier.
- Remove mask from the patient when he/she is better.
-Turn off oxygen and make the patient comfortable in
the bed.
-Record and report any abnormalities.

18. OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION
BY NASALCANNULA

19. REQUIREMENTS
-Oxygen source
-Oxygen tubing.
-Nasal cannula Mask.
-Bowl containing water
- Gallipot with cotton
- Oxygen precaution sign
-Gloves.

20. PROCEDURE
-Check doctors order including the date, time, flow
rate and method.
-Explain purpose and procedure to patients to gain
his/her cooperation and to finish fear and anxiety.
-Observe safety precautions in giving oxygen and let
this patient & other patients and their visitors
know the dangers involved.
-Wash hands and dry.
-Assemble the equipment's.
-Make patient comfortable in bed.

21. PROCEDURE
-Attach the flow meter with humidifier filled with 1/3 of
water and pressure gauge to the threaded outlet of the
oxygen cylinder.
-Connect the tubing from the nasal cannula to the outlet on
the humidifier.
-Turn on the key on the oxygen cylinder and put the end of
tubing in the bowl of water to test for the flow of oxygen.
- Clean patient nostrils and place cannula in patients
nostrils, send the tubing over patients head and adjust it
behind patients head/ears.
-Encourage patient to breath through the nose and exhale
through the mouth to trap more oxygen into the trachea
which is less likely to be exhaled through the mouth.

22. PROCEDURE
-Regulate flow meter as prescribed e.g. 2-3
liters/minute in adults and half-2 liters in children.
-Stand by to observe the flow of oxygen for some
time before leaving patients bed side.
-Document the procedure and wash hands.
-Regularly check on patient for any abnormalities
especially the nares for irritations in an interval of
four (4) hours.
- Regularly check the flow meter and gauge for the
amount
- of oxygen in the cylinder and the water level in the
humidifier.

23. PROCEDURE
-Remove nasal cannula from patient
when he/she is better.
-Turn off oxygen and make patient
comfortable in bed.
-Record and report any abnormalities.

24. CLEANING THE CANNULA
AND MASK
-After each use, the oxygen cannula and mask
must be cleaned by
a-soaking the cannula or mask in a soap
water or savlon for an hour
b-Dry it properly
-Clean the tip of the cannula with a spirit
swab
-With the mask, clean the interior before
re-applying it to a patient

25. NASAL CANNULA
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
-Patients are able to talk, eat
and drink with oxygen in
place.
-Patients can vomit and
let oral secretion go out
easily without any
interruption in oxygen
delivery.
-It delivers low
concentration of oxygen.
-It can easily dislodge from
patient nostrils.
-It causes irritation in the
nostrils.
-It causes dryness in the
nostrils.

26. MASKS
DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
-It delivers high
concentration of
oxygen.
-Its quick and
easy to apply
-It must be removed while
talking, eating, vomiting
and drinking.
-It obstruct coughing.
-It blocks vomitus in
unconscious patients.
-Carbon dioxide may build
up in the mask.
-It causes skin irritation.
-Aspiration of vomitus is
likely when mask is in
place.

27. SIDE EFFECTS OF OXYGEN
ADMINISTRATION
-Oxygen toxicity.
-Drying of the mucus membrane.
-Infection.

28. THANK YOU