2. OXYGEN ADMINISTRATION
• Method by which oxygen is supplemented at
higher percentages than what is available in
atmospheric air.
• Oxygen (O2) is administered as a corrective
treatment for conditions resulting in hypoxia
(low level of oxygen in the Cells).
3. • The normal amount of oxygen in the arterial blood
should be in the range of 80 to 100 mm of Hg.
• If it falls below 60 mm of Hg; irreversible physiologic
effects may occur.
• The oxygen administration treats the effects of oxygen
deficiency but it does not correct the underlying causes
4. DEFENITION OF OXYGEN
ADMINISTRATION
• Oxygen administration is the process by which
supplemented oxygen is administered in high
concentration than that of atmospheric air.
• The air that we breathe contain approximately
21% oxygen
5. PURPOSE
• To relieve dyspnea.
• To reduce or prevent hypoxemia (low level of
O2 in blood) and hypoxia (low level of O2 in
cells).
6. Sources of O2
•
Therapeutic oxygen is available from two sources:
1. Wall Outlets(; Central supply)
2. Oxygen cylinders
Stationary
Portable, mobile or ambulatory.
7. INDICATIONS FOR OXYGEN
ADMINISTRATION.
• Severe respiratory distress (e.g. acute asthma and
pneumonia.)
• Intra and post operatively
• Hypoxia and hypoxemia
• Shock
• Acute myocardial infraction (heart attack)
8. PAO2 AS AN INDICATOR FOR
OXYGEN THERAPY
• PaO2 : 80 – 100 mm Hg : Normal
• 60 – 80 mm Hg : cold, clammy extremities
• < 60 mm Hg : cyanosis
• < 40 mm Hg : mental deficiency, memory loss
• < 30 mm Hg : bradycardia, cardiac arrest
PaO2 < 60 mm Hg is a strong indicator for oxygen therapy
9. GENERAL NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
• Oxygen must only be administered at the rate and percentage prescribed.
• Explain to the client the dangers of lighting matches or smoking cigarettes, cigars.
Be sure the client has no matches, cigarettes, or smoking materials in the bedside table.
• Make sure that warning signs (OXYGEN - NO SMOKING) are posted on the client’s door
and above the client’s bed.
• Do not use oil on oxygen equipment.( Rationale: Oil can ignite if exposed to oxygen.)
• With all oxygen delivery systems, the oxygen is turned on before the mask is applied to
the client.
• Make sure the tubing is patent at all times and that the equipment is working properly.
10. • Watch for respiratory distress.
• Encourage or assist the client to move about in bed.
• Provide frequent mouth care. Make sure the oxygen contains proper humidification.( Rationale:
Oxygen can be drying to mucous membrane.)
• Discontinue oxygen only after a physician has evaluated the client. Generally, you should not
abruptly discontinue oxygen given in medium-to-high concentrations( above 30%). Gradually
decrease it in stages, and monitor the client’s arterial blood gases or oxygen saturation level. (
Rationale: These steps determine whether the client needs continued support.)
• Always be careful when you give high levels of oxygen to a client with COPD. The elevated levels of
oxygen in the patient’s body can depress their stimulus to breathe.
• Wear gloves any time you might come into contact with the client’s respiratory
secretions.( Rationale: To prevent the spread of infect
11. • Mark oxygen cylinder to indicate whether full or empty.
• Use only carriers with wheel to transport oxygen cylinder,
do not roll the oxygen cylinder.
• Oxygen must only be administered at the rate and
percentage prescribed.
• Do not adjust flow meter until instructed.
• Encourage or assist patient to move about in bed to prevent
circulatory difficulties.
15. Low flow delivery system
NASAL CANNULA.
ADVANTAGES
• Patients are able to talk, eat
and drink with oxygen in place.
• Patients can vomit and let
oralsecretion out easily
without anyinterruption in
oxygen delivery.
• It delivers low concentration
of oxygen.
DISADVANTAGES
• It can easily dislodge from
patient nostrils.
• It causes irritation in the
nostrils.
• It causes dryness in the
nostrils
16. • Low flow, Up to 5 liter of oxygen can provide
through nasal cannula
• 1ltr 24%
• 2 28%
• 3 32%
• 4 36%
• 5 40%
• 6 44%
17.
18. MASK
ADVANTAGES
• It delivers high
concentration of
oxygen.
• Its quick and easy to apply
DISADVANTAGES
• It must be removed while talking,
eating, vomiting and drinking.
• It obstruct coughing.
• It blocks vomitus in unconscious
patients.
• Carbon dioxide may build up in the
mask.
• It causes skin irritation.
• Aspiration of vomitus is likely when
mask is in place.
19. • It delivers 35% to 60% oxygen. A flow rate of
6 to 10 L/mnt.
20. NASAL CATHETER :
• The nasal catheter is inserted into the nostrils
reaching up to the uvula & is held by adhesive
tapes
• The catheter does not interfere with the
patients freedom to eat , to talk & to move in
bed
• Flow of 1 to 4 liters of oxygen will be sufficient
to maintain the concentration of 22 to 30 %
oxygen
21.
22. OXYGEN TENT :
• When a patient has a facial injury or for any
other reason cannot tolerate an oxygen mask ,
then this method can be used
23. OXYGEN TENT
Advantages
• It provides an environment
for patient with controlled
oxygen concentration ,
temperature regulation &
humidity control
• It allows freedom for free
movement in bed
Disadvantages
• Create feeling of isolation
• It requires high volume of oxygen
( 10 to 12 liter/ minute )
• There is increased chances of fire
• It requires much time & effort to
clean & maintain a tent
24.
25.
26.
27.
28. THE PARTIAL REBREATHER
MASK
• It is used to deliver oxygen concentration up
to 80%.
• The oxygen flow rate must be maintained
at a minimum of 6 L/mnt.
29. The partial re-breathing reservoir
mask:
• The mask has a reservoir bag that must remain inflated
during both inspiration & expiration.
• It collects the first parts of the patients' exhaled air.
• The oxygen flow rate must be maintained at a minimum of
6 L/min to ensure that the patient does not rebreath large
amounts of exhaled air.
• It is used to deliver oxygen concentrations up to 80%
30.
31.
32. THE PARTIAL REBREATHER MASK
Advantages
• Client can inhale room air
through openings in mask if
oxygen supply is briefly
interrupted.
• Delivers moderate oxygen
concentration
Disadvantages
• Requires tight seal ( eating
and talk difficult,
uncomfortable)
33. THE NON RE -BREATHER
MASK
• This mask provides the highest concentration
of oxygen ( 80%- 100%) at a flow rate 6-15
L/mnt.
34.
35. • Similar to the partial rebreather mask except that
two one way valves are present to conserve the
exhaled air.
• The bag is an oxygen reservoir.
• When the patient exhales, the one way valve
closes and all the exhaled air is vent out and the
patient does not re breath any of the exhaled air.
36. THE NON RE -BREATHER
MASK
Advantages
• Delivers the highest
possible oxygen
concentration
Disadvantages
• Impractical for the long
term therapy
• Suffocation
• Expensive
• Uncomfortable
37. Differnce between simple, partial
rebreathing,
• Simple O2 Mask
•
1. Provide FiO2 40 to 60% at
a flow 6 to 10L/min.
•
2. Flow rate must be 5
L/min to prevent CO2
rebreathing.
•
3. No one way valve
present for inspired and
expired gases.
38. Partial rebreathing
reservoir O2 mask
•
1. Provide FiO2 60 to
80% at a flow 6 to 10
L/min.
•
2. Flow rate must be
6L/min to ensure that
patient does not
rebreath exhaled air.
•
Non rebreathing
reservoir O2 mask
• 1. Provide FiO2 60 to
100% at a flow 4 to
10L/min
•
2. Flow rate should be set
high to prevent
deflation of reservoir
bag usally about
15L/min.
•
3. One way valve present
for inspired and expired
gases.
39. HIGH FLOW DELIVERY SYSTEM
VENTURI MASK
• It is a high flow oxygen delivery device.
• Oxygen from 40-50% At litters flow of 4 to 15
L/ mint.
• The mask is constructed in a way that there is a
constant flow of room air blended with a fixed
concentration of oxygen.
40.
41. • COLOR FiO2 O2 Flow
Blue 24% 2 L/mnt
White 28% 4 L/mnt
Orange 31% 6 L/mnt
Yellow 35% 8 L/mnt
Red 40% 10 L/mnt
green 60% 15 L/mnt
42.
43. VENTURI MASK
Advantages
• Delivers most precise
oxygen concentration
• Doesn’t dry mucous
membranes
Disadvantages
• Uncomfortable
• Risk for skin irritation
• Produce respiratory
depression in COPD
patient with high
concentration of oxygen
50%
44. TRACHEOSTOMY COLLAR
• Direct to the trachea.
• To deliver oxygen, humidity, and medication to
patients with tracheostomies.
• The oxygen flow rate is 8- 10 L/mnt. It is
comfortable and more efficient.
45.
46. TRACHEOSTOMY COLLAR
Advantages
• Deliver high concentration
of oxygen
• Maintain saturation level
• Stable and not moved
• Good humidity
Disadvantages
• Heavy with tubing
• Regular cleaning
• Chance for infection
47. T- PIECE
• T- Piece adaptor is used on end of
endotracheal tube to provide humidification
and oxygen therapy.
• The oxygen flow rate is 8 – 10 L/mnt and 30%
- 100% oxygen can be given
48.
49.
50. TRANSTRACHEAL THERAPY
• Trans tracheal catheter is used to deliver
oxygen directly into the lungs.
• A small plastic catheter is surgically placed in
your neck and sits in the windpipe.
• Here the flow rate is 1-4 L/mnt and the
oxygen 60% - 100%
51.
52.
53. Advantages
• Lower O2 use
• Eliminates nasal and skin
irritation
• Increased mobility
Disadvantages
• HIGH COST
• Surgical complications
• Infections
• Frequent regular cleaning
54. SIDE EFFECTS OF OXYGEN
ADMINISTRATION.
• Oxygen toxicity.
• Drying of the mucus membrane.
• Infection.
55. HAZARDS OF O2 THERAPY
•
1.Drying of mucous membrane.
2.Depression of ventilation in COPD.
3. Atlectasis due to absorption collapse.
4.O2 toxicity.
