The document discusses three basic essentials for life: oxygen, water, and food. It then focuses on oxygen, defining it as an element, gas, and drug. It describes oxygen therapy as administering oxygen at concentrations greater than room air to treat hypoxemia. Hypoxemia and different types of hypoxia are defined. Common signs and symptoms as well as indications for oxygen therapy are listed. Various oxygen delivery devices, their uses, advantages, and disadvantages are outlined.

2. 3 BASIC ESSENTIAL IN LIFE
 OXYGEN
 WATER
 FOOD

3. DEFINITION:
OXYGEN
 Element, gas, and drug.
OXYGEN THERAPY
 Is the administration of oxygen at concentrations
greater than that in room air to treat or prevent
hypoxemia.

4. WHAT IS HYPOXIA AND TYPES
HYPOXIA
 A condition of insufficient oxygen anywhere in the body
from the inspired gas to the tissue.
TYPES OF HYPOXIA
 Hypoxemic hypoxia
 Circulatory hypoxia
 Hematological hypoxia
 Demand hypoxia
 Histotoxic hypoxia

5. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
 Tachypnea, dyspnea, hyperpnoea.
 Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, pulse
change, hypertension.
 Anemia, polycythemia.
 Restlessness, disorientation, lethargy.
 Cyanosis, digital clubbing.

6. INDICATIONS FOR OXYGEN
THERAPY
1. Treat hypoxia
2. Decrease the work of breathing
3. Decrease myocardial work
4. Severe trauma
5. Short term/long term, post operative

7. OXYGEN FLOW RATES
 Determines the amount of oxygen delivered to the
patient.
 Measured in LITERS PER MINUTE (litrs/min).
 Rate varies according to patient condition and route
of O2 administration.

8. OXYGEN DELIVERY SYSTEMS
LOW FLOW
 Do not provide a constant or known concentration of
inspired O2.
EXAMPLE- Nasal, face, partial, non-rebreather ..
HIGH FLOW
 Provide the total inspired air.
 Specific % of O2 is delivered independently.
 Requires constant & precise amount.
EXAMLE- Transtracheal, venturi, T- piece, face tent..

9. O2 ADMINISTRATION DEVICES
cannula 1-6 24%-45%
Facial mask 5-8 40%-60%
Partial rebreather 6-10 60%-90%
Nonrebreather 10-15 95%-100%
Venturi 4-8 24%-50%
Face tent 4-8 30%-50%

10. NASAL PRONGS OR NASAL
CANNULA

11. ADVANTAGES
 Common inexpensive device
 Easy to apply
 Does not interfere with eating and talking
 Relatively comfortable
 Permits freedom of movement
 Well tolerated by clients

12. DISADVANTAGES
 Delivers relatively low concentration
of O2 (24%-45%) at a flow rate of
2Lits-6Lits/Min.
 Above 6Lits/Min patient tends to
swallow air and feels uncomfortable, hence FiO2
cannot be increased

13. FACE MASKS
 Oxygen mask is fitted
Carefully to avoid leakage
Of O2.
 Shouldn’t be too tight.

14. COMMONLY USED TYPES OF
MASKS ARE-
 Simple face mask
 High concentration mask
 Venturi mask

15. SIMPLE FACE MASK
 Has vents on the sides for the
room air to leak in and there by
diluting the source of O2.
 Also allows exhaled CO2 to escape.
 Used when increased O2 delivery is
needed for shorter periods.

16. FACE MASK
 Simple face mask delivers the
oxygen concentrations from
40%-60% at a flow rate of
5L-8L/Min respectively.
 Due to the risk of retaining CO2 never
a simple mask with a delivery rate of
less than 5L/Min

17. HIGH CONCENTRATION MASK/
NON REBREATHER MASK

18. HIGH CONCENTRATION MASK
 Delivers the highest O2 concentration
possible(95%-100%) at a flow rate of
10L-15L/Min.
 There is a 2 liter reservoir bag with 3 one-way
valves, which prevents the room air and the client’s
exhaled air entering the bag to deliver 100% O2.

19. VENTURI MASK

20. VENTURI MASK
 It delivers O2 concentrations
varying from 24%-60% at a
flow rates of 4L-10L.
 It is a medical device to deliver a known oxygen
concentration to patients on controlled oxygen
therapy.

21. VENTURI MASK
The color of the device reflects the delivered
oxygen concentration:
BLUE-24%, WHITE-28%, ORANGE-31%
YELLOW-35%, RED-40%, GREEN-60%

22. OXYGEN HOOD -infants

23. OXYGEN HOOD -infants
 A rigid plastic dome that encloses
an infant’s head.
 It provides precise O2 levels and high humidity.

24. Nurse’s Responsibility
 The gas should not be
allowed to blow directly
into infants face.
 Hood should not rub against infant’s chin, neck or
shoulder.

25. OXYGEN TENT-children
 Rectangular, clear, plastic
canopy with outlets that
connects to oxygen which
is humidified.
 O2 flow should be 15L/Min
for 5Mins initially and then
adjust according to orders (delivers approx. 30%
O2)

26. TRANSTRACHEAL 02 CATHETER

27. OXYGEN T-PIECE
 The Oxygen T-Piece is used for delivering oxygen to
patients with a tracheostomy tube in situ.

28. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
ASSESSMENT
 Skin and mucus membrane.
 Breathing patterns.
 Chest movements.
 Lung sounds.
 Presence of clinical signs of hypoxemia.
 Presence of clinical signs of O2 toxicity.

29. GOLDEN RULE
“YOU SHOULD NEVER
STOP GIVING OXYGEN TO
A PATIENT IN NEED”

30. SOP (CARE HOSPITALS)
(Standard Operating Procedure)
 AIM :
To provide guidelines during oxygen therapy.
 SCOPE :
This procedure is applicable for nurses associates to
care of the patients who require oxygen administration.
 RESPONSIBILITY :
Assigned Nurse.
 ACCOUNTABILITY :
Nurse manager.

31. SOP (CARE HOSPITALS)
(Standard Operating Procedure)
ARTICLES RERUIRED
1. Nasal cannula/oxygen mask/reservoir mask/trans tracheal
catheter/non rebreather mask/ventilator.
2. Humidifier.
3. Oxygen source.
4. Gauze pads if applicable.
5. Pulse oxymeter.
PROCEDURE
1. Identify the patient
2. Check doctors order
3. Assess the patient for the signs and symptoms associated

32. SOP (CARE HOSPITALS)
(Standard Operating Procedure)
with hypoxia.
4. Explain the procedure to the patient.
5. Provide comfortable position.
6. Record the vital signs and SPO2.
7. Perform hand hygiene.
8. Check proper functioning of equipment.
9. Administer oxygen by appropriate device as per
requirement.
10. Use a clean flow meter with humidifier.
11. Monitor SPO2 during the procedure.

33. SOP (CARE HOSPITALS)
(Standard Operating Procedure)
12. Check the O2 supply and connections & patients
comfort.
13. Record the date, time and flow rate of O2
administration.
14. Do not permit smoking near O2 equipment.