This is short yet comprehensive lecture on oxygenation for Bsc nursing students. This lecture comprises of various devices of oxygen administration and their uses, advantages and disadvantages.
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OXYGENATION - TYPES OF OXYGEN DEVICE.ppt
1.
2. Oxygen is a clear, odorless gas that
constitutes approximately 21 % of the air
we breathe.
It is necessary for proper functioning
of all living cells
3. It is a process, which uses a device to
administer the oxygen to the patient in order
to increase the arterial oxygenation
4. -The body takes up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide
-If this process is inadequate, oxygen levels in the blood
decrease, and the patient may need supplemental oxygen
-The purpose of oxygen administration is to increase oxygen
saturation in tissues where the saturation levels are low
6. • Acute respiratory failure
• Acute myocardial infarction
• Cardiac failure
• Shock
• Hypermetabolic state
• Anemia
• Cyanide poisoning
• During CPR
• During anesthesia for surgery
7. • Must be prescribed by a doctor
• Prescription should be dated by the doctor
• Doctor must indicate duration of oxygenation
• The oxygen concentration must be indicated
• The flow rate must be determined and
prescribed
10. • Also called nasal prongs
• Disposable plastic device
with 2 protruding prongs for
insertion into nostrils,
connected to an oxygen
source
• Low flow system
•
12. • Client able to talk and eat with
oxygen in place
• Easy to use in home care setting
• Safe and simple
• Easily tolerated
• Delivers low concentration of
oxygen
13. • Unable to use with nasal obstruction
• Drying of mucous membrane is seen at higher
flow rate
• Can dislodge from nares easily
• Causes skin irritation or breakdown over ears
or at nare
• Not good for mouth breathers
• Patient’s breathing pattern may affect FiO2
14. • Be alert for skin breakdown
over ears and in nostrils
• Ensure that the straps are
not too tight
• Observe for mucosal
dryness
• ensure nasal prongs have
not dislodged.
15.
16. • A clear plastic mask is placed on the patient’s face with
an elastic strap to secure it.
• The body of the mask stores oxygen between the
patient’s breaths.
• Side port openings located on either side of the mask
allow room air to mix with delivered oxygen and allow
exhaled air to escape.
• The percentage of delivered oxygen varies, depending on
the rate and depth of the patient’s breathing
17. • SIMPLE FACE MASK
• PARTIAL REBREATHER MASK
• NON RE BREATHER MASK
• VENTURI MASK
18. • Clear, flexible, plastic or rubber mask
that can be molded to fit the face
• Secured with elastic straps
• Metal clip that can be bent over the
bridge of the nose for better fit
• 7mm diameter of tubing
• Should not be used if oxygen flow
rate is less than 5 L due to chances
of carbondioxide retention
19. • Oxygen delivery - 35 to 60 %
• Flow rate - 6 to 10 litres per minute
• Has vents on its sides which allows
room for air to leak in at many places,
thereby diluting source oyxgen
• Increased delivery of oxygen in short
period of time
20. • 5-6 L = 40% FiO2
• 6-7 L = 50% FiO2
• 7-8 L = 60% FiO2
21. • Meets the requirement of
increased delivery of oxygen
for short period of time
• Simple, lightweight
• can be used with humidity
• FiO upto 60 %
22. • Tight seal required to deliver higher
concentration
• Difficult to keep mask in position
over nose and mouth
• Potential for skin breakdown due to
buildup of moisture
• uncomforatble for patient while
eating or talking
• Expensive
23. • Monitor client frequently to
check placement of the
mask
• secure physician’s order to
replace mask with nasal
cannula during meal time
24. • The mask is with reservoir bag that
must remain inflated during
inspiration and expiration
• It collects of part of the patient’s
exhaled air
• For the next inhalation the air present
in the reservoir bag is mixed with
100% oxygen allowing patient to
rebreathe first 1/3rd of exhaled air
25. • Used to deliver oxygen concentrations
up to 35 to 80%
• The Oxygen flow rate must be
maintained at minimun of 6L /min to
ensure that the patient does not re-
breathe large amounts of exhaled air.
• The remaining exhaled air exits through
vents
26. • Exhaled oxygen from
anatomic dead space is
conserved
• Client can inhale room air
through the opening in mask
if oxygen supply is briefly
interrupted
27. • Insufficient flow rate may
lead to rebreathing of CO2
• Chances of breakdown
• Drying and irritation of eyes
• Chances of skin breakdown
• Requires a tight seal
• uncomfortable during eating,
talking etc.
28. • Set flow rate so mask
remains two thirds full
during inspiration
• Keep reservoir bag free of
twists or kink
29. • This mask provides the
highest concentration of
oxygen (95 to 100%) at a
flow rate of 6 -15 l/min
• It is similar to the partial re
breather mask except two
one way valves prevent
conservation of exhaled air
30. • The bag has an oxygen reservoir
• When the patient exhales air the
one way valve closes and all of the
expired air is deposited into the
atmosphere, not the reservoir bag
• In this way, the patient is not
rebreathing any of the expired gas
31. • Delivers the highest possible
oxygen concentration
• suitable for patient
breathing spontaneous with
severe hypoxemia
32. • Impractical for long term
therapy
• Malfunction can cause CO2
buildup
• Suffocation
• Expensive
• Uncomfortable
33. • Maintain flow rate so reservoir
bag collapses only slightly
during inspiration
• Check that valves and rubber
flaps are functioning properly
(open during expiration)
• Monitor SaO2 with pulse
oximeter
34. • The venturi mask has got its name from
the effect named as “Venturi effect”
• The venturi effect states that in a
situation with constant mechanical
energy, the velocity of a fluid passing
through a constricted area will increase
and its static pressure will decrease
35. • This mask allows the delivery of preset
specific concentration of oxygen
• These types of masks are used for critically
ill patients who require a specific
concentration of oxygen.
• Mask has a large tube with an oxygen inlet.
• It consists of a mask with holes on each
sides that helps in the escape of exhaled air
36. • There are color coded ports that
are present at the base of mask,
that allow the regulation of
different concentrations of oxygen
to be administered.
37. • A fixed and specific
concentration of oxygen
delivered
• Does not dry the mucus
membrane
38. • In case of COPD patients, if
oxygen is delivered at high
concentrations, it may
produce respiratory
depression
• Skin irritation
• Uncomfortable for patients
39. • Used to deliver oxygen directly
into the lungs
• Bypass the upper airways and
the oxygen is delivered through
the catheter, which is placed
directly in the trachea.
• Minimally invasive procedure
40. • It is a minimally invasive procedure.
• CPAP is a form of positive airway
pressure ventilation in which a constant
level of pressure greater than
atmospheric pressure is continously
applied to the upper respiratory tract of
a person
( )
41. • Patient whose condition is
not improving with oxygen
therapy
• The patient with respiratory
distress or respiratory
failure
• Carbon monoxide poisoning
• Sleep apnea
43. • Unable to follow commands
• BP 90 mmHg
• Known blebs
44. Monitor the following :
• Level of consciousness
• Respiratory assessment
• Heart rate
• Use of accessory muscles
• Oxygen requirements
• Pulse oximetry
• Compliance/comfort with therapy
• respiratory synchronization with bi level
ventilation
45.
46. • Simplest method
• Least reliable of delivering specific
concentration of oxygen
• done using a large bore cannula or
oxygen tubing connected with
oxygen tent or face mask.
• Used for patients unable to tolerate
other types of oxygen device
•
47. • It is a plastic enclosure that surrounds
the neonate’s head
• A continous flow of oxygen is provided
to the patient by means of air
entrainment devices or an air oxygen
blender
• Oxygen concentration of 22-80% with
flow rate of 7-10L/min through hood
and 15-30L/min throughtent
48. • Most common method
• Low flow nasal cannula
delivers fractional
concentration of oxygen
using 2 soft nasal prongs
that are applied to the
anterior nares
49. • Used in respiratory failure
• flow rate 2-8L/min for neonates and
4-7L/min for children
• used to deliver large amount of
oxygen via nasal cannula, can be
connected to the ventilator to
deliver 60 -70L/min
50.
51. • Oxygen is a flammable gas, it helps in
combustion of fire which is why there is
always a risk of fire if there a spark anywhere
close to the oxygen cylinder, outlet or near
patient.
• NO SMOKING sign and no Live fire sign should
be placed to prevent fire near the patient’s
bedside
•
52. • When only oxygen is being
given, it is rapidly and
completely absorbed from
the alveoli and results in
collapse also known as
absorption atelectasis
53. • Oxygen therapy for prolonged period
of time can cause lung damage
• Due to administration of high amount
of oxygen, there is intracellular
generation of reactive metabolites
which has the ability to damage the
alveolar capillary membrane
54. • Due to this, the pulmonary capillary
permeability increases leading to
edema, thickened membranes and
finally to pulmonary fibrosis
• Pulmonary fibrosis may occur after
exposure to high concentration of
oxygen for a week
55. • Most common in COPD patients
• Patients with COPD have chronic
Carbondioxide retention ad hypoxic
respiratory drive to breathe
• oxygenation affects the hypoxic stimuli
where the hypercapnia maintains the
ventilation and doe not stimulates the
hypoxic drive for respiratory efforts.
56. • Prolonged exposure of hyperbaric O2 therapy
can lead to pulmonary, optic and central nervous
system toxicity.
• Symptoms includes: retrosternal burning, cough
and chest tightness
• can cause narrowing of visual fields
• CNS symptoms: behavior change, nausea, vertigo,
facial twitching and tonic clonic seizures.
57. • There is risk of cross
infection
• irritation and skin breakdown
can be there.