Objects, specimens, models, and replicas can all be used for educational purposes. Objects are real, tangible items like books or medical equipment. Specimens are parts of objects that represent a whole category. Models are three-dimensional replicas that can be the same size, larger, or smaller than the actual object. Replicas are full-sized copies of objects that look, feel, and function like the real thing. While objects, specimens, and replicas can provide hands-on learning, they have limitations like storage needs, cost, and potential for damage. Models are versatile for demonstrating size, processes, structures and simulations in ways that overcome limitations of distance, time, and inaccessibility.

1. OBJECTS , SPECIMENS & MODELS

2. OBJECTS Objects are samples of real things, tangible and is complete in itself. E.g: a book, syringe with needles thermometer, stethoscope etc…

3. REPLICA IS A FULL SIZED COPY OF AN OBJECT . It looks , feels and acts like the objects itself.

4. REPLICA ADVANTAGES Gets to know the finer points Multisensory approach in learning DISADVANTAGES Problems regarding their storage Can be used for small groups May get damaged easily

5. SPECIMENS A specimen is a part taken as an example of whole or a category of like things so chosen to represent the whole category.

6. Advantages of specimens Specimens gives direct real life experience. Clear cut images Concrete experience Motivates for further learning

7. Disadvantages of specimens Collecting specimens is difficult. Needs specialized skills in preserving. Expensive preserving agents. Needs proper handling

8. Students gets the first hand information by looking at them or handling them.

9. MODELS A model is a three dimensional recognizable imitation of a real object. It can be same size / larger / smaller than the actual one. It can be seen, handled and operated from a number of angles.

10. Models can be used in relation to: Size: various sizes Time: from past / future Physical inaccessibility: places we cannot visit Unusable reality: when real material cannot be studied ( human eye, lungs) For simulations ( cpr) Process ( eg. Gastric suction)

11. ADVANTAGES The size can be adjusted as needed. Distance and time do not become as limitations. Can explains concepts, structures ,working parts etc… Simulates reality Enables participation of the class

12. LIMITATIONS Costly Needs more storage space Useful for small group Need talent to prepare