Measuring the over all pressure of fluid flow

1. 1
Koya University
Faculty of Engineering
School of Chemical & Petroleum
Engineering
Chemical Engineering department
MECHANICAL FLUID
EXPERIMENT NUMBER NINE
Over all pressure of
Fluid flow
By:
1. Aree Salah 2. Alan Mawlud
3. Aso Ahmed 4. Payam Muhamed
Instructor: Mr. Ali & Miss. Hawzheen
Experiment Contacted on: 4/2/2014
Report Submitted on: 11/4 /2014
Group:A

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LIST OF CONTAIN:
THE AIM OF THIS EXPERIMENT…………………………………… 3
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………4
THEORY ……………………………………………………………………….5
PROCEDURE …………………………………………………………………6
TOOLS ……………………………………………………………………...7 , 8
Table of calculating ……………………………………………………...9
DISCUSSION …………………………………………………. 10 , 11 , 12
REFERENCE ………………………………………………………………..13

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THE AIM OF THIS EXPERIMENT:
Measuring the over all pressure of fluid flow

4. 4
INTRODUCTION:
In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that for an in
viscid flow, an increase in the speed of the fluid occurs
simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease
in the fluid's potential energy The principle is named after
Daniel Bernoulli who published it in his book
Hydrodynamic in 1738. Bernoulli's principle can be
applied to various types of fluid flow, resulting in what is
loosely denoted as Bernoulli's equation. In fact, there are
different forms of the Bernoulli equation for different
types of flow. The simple form of Bernoulli's principle is
valid for incompressible flows (e.g. most liquid flows) and
also for compressible flows (e.g. gases) moving at low
Mach numbers (usually less than 0.3). More advanced
forms may in some cases be applied to compressible flows
at higher Mach numbers.{1}

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THEORY:
Bernoulli's principle describes the relationship between the
flow velocity of a fluid and its pressure. An increase in velocity
leads to a drop in pressure in a flowing fluid, and vice versa.
The total pressure of the fluid remains constant. Bernoulli's
equation is also known as the principle of conservation of
energy of the flow.
The HM 150.07 experimental unit is used to demonstrate
Bernoulli's principle by determining the pressures in a Venturi
nozzle.
The experimental unit includes a pipe section with a
transparent Venturi nozzle and a movable pitot tube for
measuring the total pressure. The pitot tube is located within
the Venturi nozzle, where it is displaced axially. The position of
the pitot tube can be observed through the Venturi nozzle's
transparent front panel.
The Venturi nozzle is equipped with pressure measuring
points to determine the static pressures. The pressures are
displayed on the six tube manometers. The total pressure is
measured by the pitot tube and displayed on another single
tube manometer.
The experimental unit is positioned easily and securely on the
work surface of the HM 150 base module. The water is supplied
and the flow rate measured by HM 150. Alternatively, the
experimental unit can be operated by the laboratory supply.
The well-structured instructional material sets out the
fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the
experiments.

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PROCEDURE:
- Arrange the experimentation set-up on the Hydraulic Bench
Such that the discharge routes the water into the channel.
- Make hose connection between Hydraulic Bench and unit
- Open discharge of Hydraulic Bench
- Set cap nut [1] of probe compression gland such that slight
Resistance is felt on moving probe
- Open inlet and outlet ball cock
- Switch on pump and slowly open main cock of
Hydraulic Bench
- Open vent valves [3] on water pressure gauges
- Carefully close outlet cock until pressure gauges are flushed
- By simultaneously setting inlet and outlet cock, regulate
Water level in pressure gauges such that neither upper nor
Lower range limit [4,5] is overshot or undershot
-Record pressures at all measurement points. Then move overall
Pressure probe to corresponding measurement level and note
Down overall pressure.
- Determine volumetric flow rate. To do so, use stopwatch to
Establish time t required for raising the level in the volumetric
Tank of the Hydraulic Bench.

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TOOLS:
1. diagram,
2. tube manometers (static pressures),
3. water supply,
4. valve,
5. Venturi nozzle,
6. water drain,
7. valve,
8. pitot tube,
9. single tube manometer (total pressure)

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Measuring the pressures in a Venturi nozzle:
1. tube manometers for displaying the static pressures,
2. Venturi nozzle with measuring points,
3. Pitot tube for measuring the total pressure, axially movable.{2}

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Table of calculating:

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DISCUSSION:
1/
Bernoulli's principle relates the pressure of a fluid to its elevation and its
speed. Bernoulli's equation can be used to approximate these parameters
in water, air or any fluid that has very low viscosity. Students learn about
the relationships between the components of the Bernoulli equation
through real-life engineering examples and practice problems.{3}
2/
9) What happened in this experiment? Why?
Conclusion:
A) Relate what happens when a large truck is passing your car
on interstate 40.
B) Julie is riding in a car with her large family and, to her
disgust, grandpa lights up a cigar. The car is filled with smoke
and finally Julie asks him to crack open his window. How does
the pressure outside the car now relate to the pressure inside
the car? What happens to the disgusting smoke particles? (two
questions = two answers).
C) Use the diagram below to explain one reason why airplanes
can fly. Use the words pressure, velocity and force as well as
vector arrows

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At (236.12) volumetric Flow rate
Generally the value of Vm increases with Vact to a certain point then
decreases.
At (236.12) volumetric Flow rate
The value of Vact increases until it reaches the peak value which is about
in halfway of the (Pt/ᵞ) then decreases so it reaches the initial value.
0
50
100
150
200
250
37.3 59.47 153.52 101.68 51.44 37.3
Vm(cm/s)
Vact (cm/s)
Relation between Vact & Vm
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
27.3 27.5 27.7 27.4 27.1 26.7
Vact
(Pt/ᵞ)
Relation between Vact & (Pt/ᵞ)

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REFERENCE:
1/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli's_principle
2/
http://www.gunt.de/static/s4239_1.php?p1=0&p2=&pN=search;Volltext
;hm%20150.07#
3/
http://www.teachengineering.org/view_lesson.php?url=collection/cub_
/lessons/cub_bernoulli/cub_bernoulli_lesson01.xml