This a report about Marsh Funnel. written by Jarjis Muhammad, Petroleum Engineering Dep. Koya University. For more Information please contact me: www.facebook.com/Jarjis.shaqlawaee
This a report about Marsh Funnel. written by Jarjis Muhammad, Petroleum Engineering Dep. Koya University. For more Information please contact me: www.facebook.com/Jarjis.shaqlawaee
Abstract:
This assignment was used to design a mud and preparing mud for a well having a depth of 10000ft and each depth consist of different pore pressure gradient and fracture gradient. It was important to take in consider the safety margins and the kick margins by adding to the pore pressure gradient 0.5ppg and subtracting from fracture pressure 0.5ppg as shown in table (1). Then it has been drew the mud window to create a proper mud to solve the issue in this assignment and become safer. Since there are two muds needed to be prepared for a well having a depth of 10000ft and each with different density, it is important to measure the amount of barite required in order to increase the density to the target wanted. has been created the mud with 10.9 ppg, after creating the mud for this density will be testing all the classification for this test and if it is goof or no. The temperature for this mud was 28.7C and the density has been measured as well which was 10.95 and the ph was 8. In addition, has been measured the viscosity at different speed by using viscometers the speed was at 5,6,100,200,300, and 600 rpm the results shows in table 3. Then it has been measured the gel strength at 10s and 10 mins which was 30, and 31ib.100ft2 respectively, then it has been calculated the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, and yield point by the equation given above, and the results mentioned in table 3. Lastly has been measure the filtrate volume for 5,10, 15,20,15 and 30mins the total volume which was at 30 mins with result about 16.5cc. then it has been measured the mud cake thickness for this type of mud which was 3.23mm. it was given some of the errors that faced while drilling a well, those problems were loss circulation, high and innovation and the stuck pipe. in the first step it has been designed the sample mud that required to use at the surface, while the pressure of the well increase it should increase the density of the mud to balance between the hydrostatic pressure with the formation pressure, so it has been increased the density of the mud by using the barite, the mud was 10, and 14ppg.
Rotameter calibration report for multiple fluidsSakib Shahriar
We will study Rotameter and calibrate it for various fluids in this report. Mainly, we calibrated the rotameter for water. Calibration means nothing but the relationship between volumetric flow rate vs Rotameter reading.
This experiment will explain a procedure to get drilling mud with a range of density that requires for maintaining the borehole pressure as drilling goes dipper, the objective is generating a drilling mud; then it requires to rise the density by 0.1ppg and getting a drilling mud that is more dens.
In this test we will try to prepare core plugs of Different core size can be obtain during the drilling operation process(or can be prepared in the lab from surface rock or ungeometric shape), the main object behind this is to get more information about some targets in which we may get or find porosity permeability ,fluid saturation , hydrocarbon composition.
Abstract:
This assignment was used to design a mud and preparing mud for a well having a depth of 10000ft and each depth consist of different pore pressure gradient and fracture gradient. It was important to take in consider the safety margins and the kick margins by adding to the pore pressure gradient 0.5ppg and subtracting from fracture pressure 0.5ppg as shown in table (1). Then it has been drew the mud window to create a proper mud to solve the issue in this assignment and become safer. Since there are two muds needed to be prepared for a well having a depth of 10000ft and each with different density, it is important to measure the amount of barite required in order to increase the density to the target wanted. has been created the mud with 10.9 ppg, after creating the mud for this density will be testing all the classification for this test and if it is goof or no. The temperature for this mud was 28.7C and the density has been measured as well which was 10.95 and the ph was 8. In addition, has been measured the viscosity at different speed by using viscometers the speed was at 5,6,100,200,300, and 600 rpm the results shows in table 3. Then it has been measured the gel strength at 10s and 10 mins which was 30, and 31ib.100ft2 respectively, then it has been calculated the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, and yield point by the equation given above, and the results mentioned in table 3. Lastly has been measure the filtrate volume for 5,10, 15,20,15 and 30mins the total volume which was at 30 mins with result about 16.5cc. then it has been measured the mud cake thickness for this type of mud which was 3.23mm. it was given some of the errors that faced while drilling a well, those problems were loss circulation, high and innovation and the stuck pipe. in the first step it has been designed the sample mud that required to use at the surface, while the pressure of the well increase it should increase the density of the mud to balance between the hydrostatic pressure with the formation pressure, so it has been increased the density of the mud by using the barite, the mud was 10, and 14ppg.
Rotameter calibration report for multiple fluidsSakib Shahriar
We will study Rotameter and calibrate it for various fluids in this report. Mainly, we calibrated the rotameter for water. Calibration means nothing but the relationship between volumetric flow rate vs Rotameter reading.
This experiment will explain a procedure to get drilling mud with a range of density that requires for maintaining the borehole pressure as drilling goes dipper, the objective is generating a drilling mud; then it requires to rise the density by 0.1ppg and getting a drilling mud that is more dens.
In this test we will try to prepare core plugs of Different core size can be obtain during the drilling operation process(or can be prepared in the lab from surface rock or ungeometric shape), the main object behind this is to get more information about some targets in which we may get or find porosity permeability ,fluid saturation , hydrocarbon composition.
this document contains a list of experiments which is performed in the fluid mechanics laboratory.As this in not a professional document there might be some mistakes in the observations or plots, the writer and the publisher is a student of civil engineering at UET Peshawar.
1
KNE351 Fluid Mechanics 1
Laboratory Notes
Broad-Crested Weir
This booklet contains instructions and notes for the experiment listed above.
Additional material relating to laboratory work will be delivered during the
course. The expectations regarding lab work and reporting are described in a
separate document,‘KNE351. FLUIDMECHANICS: Laboratory Method and
Reporting’, which will also be circulated at the beginning of the course. It is
expected that all students study these notes and complete the pre-lab component
prior to the laboratory session. An overview of the laboratory equipment will
be provided at the beginning of each session.
A D Henderson
2
1. Learning Objectives
1. Observe and understand the behaviour of a real fluid flowing over a broad-crested weir,
2. Model this behaviour employing the Continuity and Bernoulli (Energy) Principles to
predict the flow rate from depth measurements.
3. Evaluate these predictions by comparing with measured values and use Specific Energy
to explain the changing nature of the flow over the weir.
2. Introduction
The theory of non-uniform flow in channels is covered by the course text, by many other fluid
mechanics texts, and by several web sites.
The specific energy, E, is the energy at a channel cross-section referred to the base of the
channel (in contrast to the Bernoulli equation, which is referred to a fixed horizontal datum).
The expression given for E is actually an approximation valid for small bed slopes. You've
measured the flume slope, and should examine this approximation in your report. A hydrostatic
pressure distribution is assumed, and you should also examine the validity of this assumption. If
the streamlines are not parallel, then the accelerative forces will modify the pressure - depth
relationship.
In general, two conjugate flows depths satisfy the specific energy equation for a given value of
the specific energy. The greater depth is associated with subcritical flow, and the shallower
depth with supercritical flow. At the critical depth the conjugate depths are equal, and the
discharge for the given specific energy is a maximum.
Broad crested weirs are used as a method of flow measurement in open channel flows. If the
weir is sufficiently high and long, the free surface will drop to critical depth. If the height of
the upstream flow is measured, then the flow rate can be determined.
3
3. Apparatus
• Water flume comprising of pump, control valve, venturi and v-notch flow meters,
downstream control gate.
• depth gauges
• 2 vertical water manometers
• 2 total head tubes
4. Preparation
Examine and sketch the layout of the channel and associated flow measuring equipment.
Measure the channel width and note significant geometrical parameters of the nozzle venturi
meter and V-notch weir. Note the directions of readings of all measuring scales.
a. Measure the channel, weir dimensions, a.
Energy losses in Bends, loss coefficient related to velocity head.Pelton Whee...Salman Jailani
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00923006902338
The two-phase flow through vertical transparent pipe is investigated
experimentally. The experimental rig designed to achieve the measurements of
pressure drop for various combinations of phases, flow pattern regimes such as
bubbly, slug and annular, with various range of water and air volumetric high speed
camera . The air volumetric ranged from 8.3334 L/min to 25 l/min, while the water
volumetric ranged from 5 l/min to 20 l/min and of 50 mm internal diameter along 1 m
length. The measured of the pressure will be done using four pressure sensors along
test pipe. The measured pressure values were used for different air volumetric and
different water volumetric. It has been found that the measuring of pressure gradient
through the distance of rig pipe are inversely changed with air volumetric. In
addition, it has been analyzed the flow pattern through obstruction, it has showed one
phase flow, bubbly and slug flow.
This is a preliminary text for the chapter. The Oslo Group is invited to provide comments on the
general structure and coverage of the chapter (for example, if it covers the relevant aspects related to
measurement units and conversion factors, and if there are additional topics that should be covered in
this chapter), and on the recommendations to be contained in IRES.
The current text presents the recommendations from the UN Manual F.29 as well as some points that
were raised during the last OG meeting. The issue of “harmonization” of standard/default conversion
factors still needs to be addressed. It was suggested that tables be moved to an annex. Please provide
your views on which ones should be retained in the chapter.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
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Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
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Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
1. Erbil Polytechnic University
Koya Technical Institute
Petroleum Technology
Operation and Control
Report
Fluid Mechanic Lab.
Test no: (6)
Test name:
( Pipe Friction for Laminer )
Supervised by:
Karwan A. Ali
Date of Test: 11/01/2018
Date of Submit:18/01/2018
Prepared by: Muhammed Fuad Rashid
3. -:Introduction
The name of this experiment is pipe Flow. The pur[pose of this lab is to
observe the variation of head loss with velocity for the flow of water through
a small diameter pipe over a range of Reynolds numbers including both
laminar and turbulent flow, and to compare the variation of friction factor
with Reynolds number with published result. This experiment is a
requirement for the fluids laboratory. The experiment was performed by a
group of students.
-:Objective
Determine the pipe friction losses in laminar and turbulent flow. The
purposes of the variation of head loss with velocity for the flow of water
through a small diameter pipe, over a range Reynolds number including both
laminar and turbulent floe, and to compare the variation of friction factor with
Reynolds number with published results.
-:Unit description
The pipe section used is a brass pipe with an inside diameter of 3mm and a
length of 524mm.
The pressure losses are measured in laminar flow with a water manometer.
The statics pressure difference is indicated. In turbulent flow the pressure
difference is measured with a water-filled U-tube manometer. A level tank is
provided to generate the laminar flow. It ensure a constand water in flow
pressure on the pipe section at a constant water level. The level tank is not
used to generate turbulent flow. The water is fed directly from the water main
into the pipe section. The flow rate is set by means of needle valves at each
end of the pipe. The water is supplied either from the hydraulic bench or from
the laboratory main. An enclosed water circuit can be established with the
hydraulic bench.
-:Apparatus
1/ Demonstration board
2/ U-Tube manometer
3/ Discharge needle valve
4/ pressure tapping at the end of the pipe
5/pressure tapping at the beginning of the pipe
4. 6/ pipe section
7/ Inlet needle valves
8/ Hose connection water supply
9/ Overflow
10/ water tank
11/ water manometer
-:Procedure
-Set up the experiment on the hydraulic bench so that the discharge directs the water the
water into the sewer.
- Connect a hose between the hydraulic bench and the unit.
- Open the hydraulic bench discharge.
- Connect the water manometer to the two pressure measuring nipples.
- Open the needle valve at the discharge fully.
- Close the valve (1) fully.
Open the valve (2) fully.
5. -Switch the hydraulic bench pump on water level is created at the overflow.
--Close the needle valve at the discharge until a constant pressure difference is
.festablished on the water manometer. This corresponds to the fall h
-- Determining the volume flow.
-.increases) and repeat the volume flowfIncrease the flow in increments (h-
-repeat the volume flow) andincreasesfIncrease the flow in increments (h-
measurements.
-:Calculation
T=18.1ºC d=3mm → 0.3cm r=
𝑑
2
→
0.3
2
=0.15cm
2
cm0.070685A=L=524mm
t=75.61s3
V=250cm=114mmfh/.1No
=?thf=?mf=?eRv=?Q=?
-Volume flow rate (Q):
𝑄 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
/s3
cm3.3064==
250
75.61
Q
-Average velocity:
Q=VA → V=
𝑄
𝐴
→ 3.3064
0.070685
= 46.776 cm/s
-Renolds number:
/s2
cm046680.01v=
Re =
𝑉𝑑
𝑣
=
46.776×0.3
0.0104668
= 1340.6963
):mf(coefficientfrictionmeasuredThe-
2𝑔𝐷ℎ 𝑓
𝐿𝑉2 =
2×9810×3×114
524×46.7762 = 0.5852=mf
):thffriction coefficient (theoreticalThe-
0.0477=
64
𝑅 𝑒
=
64
1340.4963
=htf
8. -:Discussion
/1
2- by increasing the discharge of the fluid , the
theoretical coefficient will decrease but the measured
coefficient will increases.
0.5852
2.7096
1.5386
0.5852
0.7427
0.9002
1.0577
1.2152
1.3727
1.5302
1.6877
1.8452
2.0027
2.1602
2.3177
2.4752
2.6327
13401590184020902340259028403090334035903840409043404590
fm
Re
0.0477
0.02428
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
1340159018402090234025902840309033403590384040904340
fth
Re