Muhammed Fuad Rashid Petroleum Engineering Department at Koya Universiy Fluid Mechanics Laboratory 2020

1. Erbil PolytechnicUniversity
Koya Technical Institute
PetroleumTechnology
Operationand Control
Report
Fluid Mechanic Lab.
Test no: (6)
Test name:
( Pipe Friction for Laminer )
Supervised by:
Karwan A. Ali
Date of Test: 11/01/2018
Date of Submit:18/01/2018
Prepared by: Muhammed Shwan Ali

2. Title Page number
Introduction 3
Objective 3
Apparatus 3-4
procedure 4-5
Calculation 5-7
Discussion 8

3. -:Introduction
The name of this experiment is pipe Flow. The pur[pose of this lab is to
observe the variation of head loss with velocity for the flow of water through
a small diameter pipe over a range of Reynolds numbers including both
laminar and turbulent flow, and to compare the variation of friction factor
with Reynolds number with published result. This experiment is a
requirement for the fluids laboratory. The experiment was performed by a
group of students.
-:Objective
Determine the pipe friction losses in laminar and turbulent flow. The
purposes of the variation of head loss with velocity for the flow of water
through a small diameter pipe, over a range Reynolds number including both
laminar and turbulent floe, and to compare the variation of friction factor with
Reynolds number with published results.
-:Unit description
The pipe section used is a brass pipe with an inside diameter of 3mm and a
length of 524mm.
The pressure losses are measured in laminar flow with a water manometer.
The statics pressure difference is indicated. In turbulent flow the pressure
difference is measured with a water-filled U-tube manometer. A level tank is
provided to generate the laminar flow. It ensure a constand water in flow
pressure on the pipe section at a constant water level. The level tank is not
used to generate turbulent flow. The water is fed directly from the water main
into the pipe section. The flow rate is set by means of needle valves at each
end of the pipe. The water is supplied either from the hydraulic bench or from
the laboratory main. An enclosed water circuit can be established with the
hydraulic bench.
-:Apparatus
1/ Demonstration board
2/ U-Tube manometer
3/ Discharge needle valve
4/ pressure tapping at the end of the pipe
5/pressure tapping at the beginning of the pipe

4. 6/ pipe section
7/ Inlet needle valves
8/ Hose connection water supply
9/ Overflow
10/ water tank
11/ water manometer
-:Procedure
-Set up the experiment on the hydraulic bench so that the discharge directs the water the
water into the sewer.
- Connect a hose between the hydraulic bench and the unit.
- Open the hydraulic bench discharge.
- Connect the water manometer to the two pressure measuring nipples.
- Open the needle valve at the discharge fully.
- Close the valve (1) fully.
Open the valve (2) fully.

5. -Switch the hydraulic bench pump on water level is created at the overflow.
--Close the needle valve at the discharge until a constant pressure difference is
.festablished on the water manometer. This correspondsto the fall h
-- Determining the volume flow.
-.at the volume flowincreases) and repefIncrease the flow in increments (h-
-) and repeat the volume flowincreasesfIncrease the flow in increments (h-
measurements.
-:Calculation
T=18.1ºC d=3mm → 0.3cm r=
𝑑
2
→
0.3
2
=0.15cm
2
cm0.070685A=L=524mm
1st=51.3
0cmV=20mm=118fh/No.1
=?th=? fm=? feQ=? v=? R
-Volume flow rate (Q):
𝑄 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
/s3
cm3.8834==
200
51.1
Q
-Average velocity:
Q=VA → V=
𝑄
𝐴
→ 3.8834
0.070685
= 54.939 cm/s
-Renolds number:
/s2
cmv=0.0104668
Re =
𝑉𝑑
𝑣
=
54.939 ×0.3
0.0104668
= 1584.793
):mffriction coefficient (measuredThe-
2𝑔𝐷ℎ 𝑓
𝐿𝑉2
=
2×9810×3×118
524×54.9392
= 4.391=mf
):thffriction coefficient (theoreticalThe-
0.04038=
64
𝑅 𝑒
=
64
1584.793
=thf

6. st=33.13
cm0mm V=20=170fh/.2No
=?th=? fm=? feQ=? v=? R
-Volume flow rate (Q):
𝑄 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
/s3
cm0426.==
200
33.1
Q
-Average velocity:
Q=VA → V=
𝑄
𝐴
→ 6.042
0.070685
= 85.4778cm/s
-Renolds number:
/s2
cmv=0.0104668
Re =
𝑉𝑑
𝑣
=
85.4778×0.3
0.0104668
=2449.946
):mffriction coefficient (measuredThe-
2𝑔𝐷ℎ 𝑓
𝐿𝑉2
=
2×9810×3×170
524×85.4778
2 = 1.81411=mf
):thffriction coefficient (theoreticalThe-
6120.02=
64
𝑅 𝑒
=
64
2449.946
=thf

7. st=25.33
cm200mm V==260fh/.3No
=?th=? fm=? fev=? RQ=?
-Volume flow rate (Q):
𝑄 =
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
/s3
cm10.2766==
260
25.3
Q
-Average velocity:
Q=VA → V=
𝑄
𝐴
→ 10.2766
0.070685
= 14.538 cm/s
-Renolds number:
/s2
cmv=0.0104668
Re =
𝑉𝑑
𝑣
=
14.538 ×0.3
0.0104668
= 4167.10922
):mffriction coefficient (measuredThe-
2𝑔𝐷ℎ 𝑓
𝐿𝑉2
=
2×9810×3×260
524×14.538
2 = 62.7135=mf
):thffriction coefficient (theoreticalThe-
0.01535=
64
𝑅 𝑒
=
64
4167.10922
=thf
-:Table of Calculating
thfmfeRV (cm/s))/s3
Q (cmNo.
0.040384.3911584.79354.9393.88341
0.026121.814112449.94685.47786.0422
0.0153562.71354167.109214.53810.2763

8. -:Discussion
/1
2- by increasing the discharge of the fluid, the
theoretical coefficient will decrease but the measured
coefficient will increase.
4.391
1.81411
62.7135
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
150020002500300035004000
fm
Re
0.04038
0.02612
0.01535
0.015
0.0175
0.02
0.0225
0.025
0.0275
0.03
0.0325
0.035
0.0375
0.04
1500172519502175240026252850307533003525375039754200
fth
Re