Other patterns of organization
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This document discusses different levels of biological organization, including unicellular, diploblastic, and triploblastic. It describes the three main patterns of triploblastic organization: acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate. The presence or absence of a body cavity distinguishes these patterns and provides advantages like more room for organs and improved gas exchange.
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This PPT is for F.Y.B.Sc students of course I Semester I, belonging to Mumbai University of Maharashtra India
You can email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in for further query.
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2. Cnidarians are radially or biradially symmetrical and have stinging cells called nematocysts. They exhibit a diploblastic body plan with two tissue layers separated by a gelatinous mesoglea.
3. Many cnidarians alternate between a sessile polyp stage and a motile medusa stage. Reproduction involves external fertilization producing a planula larva.
9. Phylum Porifera Notes
Phylum Porifera includes about 5,000 living species of sponges. There are three main classes: Hexactinellida (glass sponges), Demospongia (most diverse class making up 90% of species), and Calcarea (found in shallow waters with calcium carbonate spicules). Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals and feed by filtering water through their outer walls using flagella and contractile cells to pump water in and out for feeding, waste removal, and oxygen intake. They reproduce both sexually and asexually.
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This PPT is for F.Y.B.Sc students of course I Semester I, belonging to Mumbai University of Maharashtra India
You can email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in for further query.
star fish.pptx
The document summarizes the habitat, external structures, body wall, coelom, digestive system, and water vascular system of the starfish Asterias. Some key points:
- Asterias is a marine echinoderm that lives on rocky sea bottoms and feeds on bivalves. It has a central disc and 5 tapering arms.
- Its body is covered in calcareous plates and has ambulacral grooves lined with spines on the oral surface. The aboral surface contains dermal pores and papulae.
- Its digestive system includes a mouth, esophagus, stomach divided into cardiac and pyloric sections, intestine, anus, and digestive g
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2. Cnidarians are radially or biradially symmetrical and have stinging cells called nematocysts. They exhibit a diploblastic body plan with two tissue layers separated by a gelatinous mesoglea.
3. Many cnidarians alternate between a sessile polyp stage and a motile medusa stage. Reproduction involves external fertilization producing a planula larva.
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Phylum Porifera includes about 5,000 living species of sponges. There are three main classes: Hexactinellida (glass sponges), Demospongia (most diverse class making up 90% of species), and Calcarea (found in shallow waters with calcium carbonate spicules). Sponges are the most primitive multicellular animals and feed by filtering water through their outer walls using flagella and contractile cells to pump water in and out for feeding, waste removal, and oxygen intake. They reproduce both sexually and asexually.
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Sponges,are pore bearing,multicellular,diploblastic animals that belong to phylum Porifera
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Embryology is the study of development from fertilization to organ formation. In humans, this encompasses the first 8 weeks and includes key stages like fertilization, implantation, formation of the three germ layers through gastrulation, and organogenesis from weeks 5-8. The development involves gamete formation, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation establishing three germ layers, and organogenesis from these layers. Cell proliferation, migration and differentiation are essential cellular processes during development.
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This document provides information on the four basic tissue types found in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissue. It focuses specifically on epithelial tissue, describing its characteristics, classification, and major types. Epithelial tissue is classified based on cell layers, cell shape, and surface modifications. The major epithelial tissue types are simple and stratified squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional, and glandular epithelium. Glands are further classified based on their structure, secretory mechanism, and secretory products.
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Other patterns of organization
- 1. Other Patterns of Organization Noshaba Munawar Post Graduate college Samnabad Faisalabd
- 2. Other Patterns of Organization The Unicellular (Cytoplasmic) Level of Organization Diploblastic Organization Triploblastic Organization 1- The Triploblastic Acoelomate Pattern 2- The Triploblastic Pseudocoelomate Pattern 3- The Triploblastic Coelomate Pattern
- 3. The Unicellular (Cytoplasmic) Level of Organization Organisms whose bodies consist of single cells or cellular aggregates display the unicellular level of organization. E.g protists. Some cytoplasmic” to emphasize that all living functions are carried out within the confines of a single plasma membrane. All unicellular organisms must provide for the functions of locomotion, food acquisition, digestion water and ion regulation, sensory perception, and reproduction in a single cell. Cellular aggregates (colonies) consist of loose associations of cells exhibit little interdependence show some division of labor (reproductive, nutritive, or structural functions) There is no tissue
- 4. Diploblastic Organization Diploblastic (Gr. diplóos, twofold 1 blaste, to sprout) simplest tissue-level organization Body parts are organized into layers derived from two embryonic tissue layers Ectoderm (Gr. ektos, outside 1 derm, skin) gives rise to the epidermis, the outer layer of the body wall. Endoderm (Gr. endo, within) gives rise to the gastrodermis, the tissue that lines the gut cavity. Between the epidermis and the gastrodermis is a middle layer called mesoglea.
- 5. Diploblastic Organization Mesoglea may or may not contain cells When cells are present, this middle layer is sometimes referred to as mesenchyme “Mesoglea” is then reserved for the acellular condition. The cells in each tissue layer are functionally interdependent. Gastrodermis consists of nutritive (digestive) and muscular cells, Epidermis contains epithelial and muscular Cells. The feeding movements of hydra or the swimming Movements of a jellyfish only possible when groups of cells Cooperate, showing tissue-level organization.
- 7. Triploblastic Organization Triploblastic (gr. Treis, three 1 blaste, to sprout); that is, Their tissues are derived from three embryological layers. Ectoderm forms the outer layer of the body wall, Endoderm lines the gut. A third embryological layer is sandwiched between the ectoderm and endoderm. This layer is mesoderm (gr. Meso, in the middle), which gives rise to supportive, contractile, and blood cells
- 8. Triploblastic Organization Tissues are organized to form excretory, nervous, digestive, reproductive, circulatory, and other systems. Triploblastic animals are usually bilaterally symmetrical
- 9. Triploblastic Organization Triploblastic animals are organized into several subgroups based on the presence or absence of a body cavity The Triploblastic Acoelomate Pattern The Triploblastic Pseudocoelomate Pattern The Triploblastic Coelomate Pattern A body cavity is a fluid-filled space in which the internal organs can be suspended and separated from the body wall.
- 10. Triploblastic Organization Body cavities are advantageous because they 1. Provide more room for organ development. 2. Provide more surface area for diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes into and out of organs. 3. Provide an area for storage. 4 Often act as hydrostatic skeletons. 5. Provide a vehicle for eliminating wastes and reproductive products from the body. 6. Facilitate increased body size.
- 14. The peritoneum is a serous membrane that consists of two layers: parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum The parietal peritoneum lines the internal walls of the abdominal cavity, forming a closed sac known as the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneal cavity is completely closed in males A fold of the peritoneum which attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen.