Evolutionary relationship of phylum Arthropda and class insecta
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The document discusses the evolutionary relationships within the phylum Arthropoda, including insects. Key points include: - Arthropoda are characterized by jointed legs, a segmented and hardened exoskeleton, and metameric segmentation. - Insects have three distinct body regions (head, thorax, abdomen), while other arthropods like spiders have two regions. - Molecular evidence links arthropods with other moulting invertebrates like nematodes and velvet worms in the clade Ecdysozoa. - Fossil evidence suggests Onychophora and Tardigrada shared traits with early arthropods like paired nerve cords and striated muscles. - There are
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1. Taxonomy is the science of classification of organisms and involves classifying them into a hierarchical taxonomic system of kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species based on their shared characteristics.
2. Organisms are classified for several advantages including making the study of living things easier, helping with identification, and indicating evolutionary relationships.
3. The animal kingdom is divided into major phyla including porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, nematoda, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata, and chordata. Each phylum contains many distinctive characteristics in terms of body structure, symmetry, and level of organization
Phylum arthropoda
1. Arthropods are a phylum of joint-legged invertebrate animals including insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others.
2. They have segmented bodies, jointed appendages, a hard exoskeleton and molt to grow.
3. Major groups include insects, arachnids like spiders and scorpions, crustaceans like crabs and lobsters, and extinct trilobites.
Phylum arthropoda
1. Arthropods are invertebrate animals with jointed legs and external skeletons made of chitin. They include insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others.
2. They have segmented bodies and jointed appendages. Most have compound eyes and breathe through trachea, gills, or their exoskeletons.
3. The four subphyla of arthropods are trilobites, chelicerates, crustaceans, and uniramians. Major classes include insects, arachnids, crustaceans, centipedes, and millipedes.
Animal Animal kingdom
This document provides an overview of different animal phyla, including invertebrates like sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, segmented worms, mollusks, echinoderms, arthropods and vertebrates like fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. It describes key characteristics of each group such as their anatomy, habitat, examples of types of animals within each phylum, and some ecological information.
Arthropods
Arthropods are characterized by their jointed exoskeleton and limbs, and segmented bodies. They include insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and extinct groups like trilobites. The largest phylum of animals, arthropods have adapted to nearly all environments. Their success is due to traits like their tough exoskeleton, segmented body, and jointed legs adapted to many modes of life.
lecture_1_15.ppt
The document provides an overview of the phylum Arthropoda, which includes insects, arachnids, crustaceans, and others. It discusses their shared characteristics like jointed appendages and exoskeletons. It then describes some of the major classes within the phylum, including Insecta, Arachnida, Crustacea, Chilopoda, and Diplopoda. Key details are provided on traits and examples for each group.
Based on the information presented in lecture and your text- in which.docx
Shark: Paleozoic era, specifically the Devonian period.
Lizard: Mesozoic era, specifically the Triassic period.
Mammal: Cenozoic era, specifically the Cretaceous period.
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The document summarizes the characteristics of the phylum Chordata. It describes that chordates are defined by having a notochord, dorsal nerve chord, pharyngeal gill slits, post-anal tail, and an endostyle. The phylum is divided into two subphyla - Protochordata and Vertebrata. Protochordata includes hemichordates, calcichordates, urochordates, and cephalochordates. Urochordates are commonly called sea squirts and are mostly sessile, while cephalochordates include lancelets which have characteristics more developed than other protochordates. The phylum exhibits advancement over non-chordates in features
Diversity in living organisms
The document provides information on the classification of living organisms. It discusses the need for classification due to the huge diversity of life. It explains the levels of classification from kingdom down to species. The five kingdom system of Whittaker is described, including the kingdoms of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Characteristics of each kingdom are provided. The classification of plants and animals is then outlined down to class levels. Finally, scientific naming conventions are explained.
Unit 08 animal diversity
The document discusses animal diversity and taxonomy. It covers the taxonomic groups from kingdom to species and provides examples. It also covers the six kingdoms and three domain system of classification. Several invertebrate phyla are described including their characteristics and examples. Trends in vertebrate evolution related to respiration, circulation, reproduction, brain structure, and digestion are summarized.
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- 1. Evolutionary Relationship of Phylum Arthropoda and class insect BY NOSHABA MUNAWAR
- 2. Phylum Arthropoda Overview Jointed legs Metamarically segmented Body (Have segments with similar in structure) Hard external skeleton Segmented be like annelid Metameric segments were differentiated into specific body regions (tegmata) 1- spider have two tagmata (Abdominal region and cephalothorax) Myriapodas lack tegments e.g. centipedes and millipeds Insecta have three tegmental regions i.e. Head Thorax and Abdomen Non chiitinized , apodemes (piece of cuticle) Region of muscular attachment Ecdysis
- 3. Continue …….. Myriapodas lack tegments e.g. centipedes and millipeds Per segment two set of legs Position of legs under body Body is roundd Per segment one set of legs Position of legs on body Body is flatter
- 4. Success story of arthropods: They were found in marine and fresh water habitats Even colonized almost in all type of habitats from equator to poles Mountain to deep oceans Rain forest to desert Colder regions as well as hot springs Act as predator, parasites as well as pest
- 5. Evolutionary relation ship of Firstly they were associate with annelids due to metamerization Upon molecular basis arthropods were linked with due to ecdysis Through a clade known as Ecdysozoa Large subdivision in protosomia ECDYSOZOA Terdigrada Nematoda Nematophora Pariapulida Kinorhyncha Onychophora
- 7. Continue………………….. All above phyla were evolutionary related with arthropods Molecular studies revealed that in Ecdysozoa first three phylums were closely related Velvet worms Microscopic Eight legged animal The nematodes or roundworms invertebrates comprising the true nematocyst-bearing coelenterates Unsegmented marine worms Invertebrates live in marine mud Arthropods Jointed Legs animal
- 8. Fossils Evidences- Onychophorans were traced in Mid of Cambrian period approximately 520 MYA As they developed limbs in aquatic life and may these limbs served as a preadaptation Tracheal respiratory system Mensible like mouth part Tardigrades also posses some characters like arthropods 1- paired ventral nerve cord Have hemocoel Striated muscles Both phyla differ from arthropods due to absence of appendages
- 9. THEORY OF UNIRAMIA UNIRAMIA IS OLD GROUP OF ARTHROPODS INCLUDING HEXAPODA MYRIPODA Some time onchophora Have ramus on their appendages According to thi theory uniramia is phylogenetically isolated from crustacean an d chelicereta While according to current investigation all above phylum were included I the superphylum arthropoda
- 11. Artthropoda have Subphylum; Trilobytes • Marien arthropods • Segments with appendages • extinct subphyla Chelicereta • Segmented body with pointed limbs • Chitnous cuticle • Two tegma of body except mites Myriapoda • Less diverse classes • Jointed legs Lack sectionizatio • Including millipedes, centipeded Crustacea Diverse group Two to three temeta Specilized mouth part evolved Appendages used for locomotion Hemocayanin principle pigment Sexes were separated • Hexapoda • Including class insect • Six feet • Winged insects class insect • Wingless insects of subphylum arachaeognatha • Have three body regions