Detail explanaion about chemical pollution.

2. •DRINKING WATER AND POLLUTION
SOURCE

3. Drinking water
•Definition;
•Drinking water, also known
as potable water, is water that is
safe to drink or to use for food
preparation.

4. Characteristics of drinking water
1.Replenished
with Natural
Minerals
2.Cleaned of
Harmful
Contaminants
3.Alkaline
pH
Balanced
4.Great
Natural
Spring
Water Taste

5. Source Of Drinking Water
• There are two source of drinking water.
• 1. Surface water
• 2. Groundwater.
Surface Water is
found in lakes,
rivers, and
reservoirs.
Groundwate
r lies under
the surface
of the land,

6. Source of contamination of water
• Leakage from waste disposal
• Discharges from factories, industrial
sites,
• Leaching from aerial or land
application of pesticides and fertilizers
• Leakage from underground storage
tanks.
• Improper disposal of household
wastes such as cleaning fluids, paint,
and motor oil.

7. Danger of contaminated ground water
Drinking
contaminated
groundwater
can have
serious health
effects Diseases such
as hepatitis
and dysentery
may be
caused by
contamination
Wildlife can
also be
harmed by
contaminated
groundwater.

8. Review Of Literature
• Pakistan ranks at number 80 among 122 nations
regarding drinking water quality.
• drinking water quality is being deteriorated day by day
in Pakistan
• toxic metals and pesticides cause contamination.
• . Human activities cause pollution.
• Microbial and chemical pollutants responsible for
various public health problems.

9. Continue…..
• About 20% of the whole population of Pakistan has access to safe
drinking water.
• The remaining 80% of population is forced to use unsafe drinking
water
The primary
source of
contamination
is sewerage
Secondary source
is chemicals
pesticides, and
fertilizers from
agriculture

10. Continue….
Human activities cause waterborne diseases that about
80% of all diseases and are responsible for 33% of deaths.
of Pakistan, the elementary source of provision is ground
water supply
chemical agents causing 2.5 million deaths from
endemic diarrheal disease each year
Pakistan National Conservation Strategy
reported that 40% diseases
Cause by contaminate water
(IUCN) reported 60% Infant deaths
caused diarrhea are in Pakistan due to
dirty water
which is the highest ratio in Asia

11. Agro-Chemicals:-
Agrochemical is any chemical
that is used in agricultural
production to improve
productivity and control of pest
and diseases.
Agro-Chemicals:-

12. algaecides.
antimicrobi
al.
Biopesticid
es.
Fungicides
herbicidies
Insecticides
Synergists
Insecticides
Types Of Agrochemicals

13. History of agrochemical
• Approximately 10,000 years ago practice of agriculture started of
Crescent of Mesopotamia.
• 4500 years ago first insecticide sulphur compounds
• organic substances used to control pest up until the 1940s
• In 1946 house fly was reported resistance to DDT.
• herbicides,
• some other pesticides was used to control pest in 1970s-1980s.

14. • Nicotine recognized as has a potential to kill a pest in
late 1600s.
• To increase the food production pesticide are used.
Demand of pesticide increased with age
• . Water pollution is mainly caused by heavy utilization
of water for domestic, agricultural, and industrial
purposes

15. Fate of Agrochemical in water

16. Agrochemical as pollutents
• Water Pollution
• application of pesticides
• Point sources of wter pollution occur when the polluting substance is
emitted directly into the water way
• The greatest contributors to toxic pollution
herbicides, Pesticides
industrial
compounds
.

17. Fertilizers pollution:
• Use of fertilizers in agriculture is recognized as a potential source of
water pollution e.g nitrogen fertilizer.
• Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations found in surface and ground
water
• agricultural fertilizers which can enter directly from the fields into the
streams or underground sources cause fatal result

18. Pesticide pollution
• Chemical which are used to kill pest is called pesticides
• The contaminated natural water is very harmful for the aquatic
organisms
• Imidacloprid is used on large scale and became the part of surface
and ground water.
• EPA has estimated that as many as 50 out of 1000 registered
pesticides qualify for detection in groundwater pollution (Mubarik, &
Jabbar ,1992).

19. The ways in which pesticide enter in ground and
surface water

20. Herbicide Pollution
• Herbicide used as herbs and weeds.
• E.g Bentazone is a herbicide used for selective control of broadleaf weeds.
• Bentazone is highly soluble in water and very resistant to hydrolysis
• bentazone is liable to leach under conditions of extreme rainfall
• bentazone, as it usually occurs in drinking-water cause disease in water
living and water drinking organisms.

21. Most Common Used Agrochemicals
Atrazine
Deltamethrin,
fenitrothion,
cypermethrin,
profenofos and
malathion Herbicide
Commonly used pesticide in karachi

22. Different Methods of Groundwater Remediation
Physical Remediation
Biological Remediation
Chemical Remediation
Ozone and UV Light

23. Physical remediation
• Water purification starts on a physical level,
• removal of the largest particles and obstructions
• Air sparging is one physical remediation method
• involves using pressurized air to strip water clean.
• common method is to pump water directly, with filters stripping away and
large gravel or rock materials

24. Biological remediation
• biological remediation method microorganisms utilizes
• .
• In biological water remediation, biologic materials help to break down
unwanted chemicals that aren’t easily separated from the water
• particularly in industrial waste that forms in groundwater.
• A plus side to this method is that physically pumping groundwater out
is not required to treat it.

25. Chemical Remediation
• This is most costly type of water purification, and it can also take
the longe to complete
•
• . Chemical remediation can be achieved through a variety of
methods, including carbon absorption, ion exchange, oxidation, and
chemical precipitation.
• Chemical remediation is often used alongside physical water
treatment to achieve the cleanest groundwater after the fact.

26. Ozone and UV Light
• Some more distinct methods of remediation involve the use of either
ozone or ultraviolet light.
• Exposure to these substances helps purify water
• intention of killing any unwanted microorganisms
• Microorganisms are some of the more difficult things to treat in a
clean way, but the use of UV light and ozone help you to avoid
harsher chemicals
• . Groundwater remediation is best water treatment system by it.

27. Objective of study
• Monitoring and evaluation of the chemical in drinking water
• Aware the people from the hazards of contaminated water
At the end I want to say that;
save water because
water is life of ur future.