Embryology is the study of development from fertilization to organ formation. In humans, this encompasses the first 8 weeks and includes key stages like fertilization, implantation, formation of the three germ layers through gastrulation, and organogenesis from weeks 5-8. The development involves gamete formation, fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation establishing three germ layers, and organogenesis from these layers. Cell proliferation, migration and differentiation are essential cellular processes during development.
Giving overview of human embryonic development including spermatogenesis, oogenesis, fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, extraembryonic layers and pregnancy
Implantation and placentation , and overviewPranjal Gupta
Implantation and formation of placenta is an essential developmental process during human embryogenesis as it marks the connection between maternal and fetal blood, a condition specific to mammals more precisely eutherians. It works as a passage of required nutrients to the growing embryo and collection of its waste. It also discusses various types of placenta that are seen in mammals.
Giving overview of human embryonic development including spermatogenesis, oogenesis, fertilization, gastrulation, cleavage, extraembryonic layers and pregnancy
Implantation and placentation , and overviewPranjal Gupta
Implantation and formation of placenta is an essential developmental process during human embryogenesis as it marks the connection between maternal and fetal blood, a condition specific to mammals more precisely eutherians. It works as a passage of required nutrients to the growing embryo and collection of its waste. It also discusses various types of placenta that are seen in mammals.
Embryology Course I - Introduction, Gametogenesis, ImplantationRawa Muhsin
This is is the first session of a basic human embryology course, and it discusses:
1. Gametogenesis (both spermato- and oo-genesis)
2. Fertilization
3. Implantation of the zygote in the uterine wall
5ο Φεστιβάλ Elamazi Επιστρέφει δριμύτερο!
Να’ μαστε πάλι μέσα στο Μάιο και αν αναρωτιέστε πως θα αποχαιρετήσουμε την Άνοιξη και καλωσορίσουμε το γλυκό καλοκαιράκι, τότε η απάντηση είναι μια και μοναδική: «5ο Φεστιβάλ Elamazi» !
Ένα φεστιβάλ από γονείς για γονείς.
Τα συστατικά του αγνά όπως πάντα: μπόλικα παιδικά χαμόγελα, περίσσια γονική αγάπη, 2 οκάδες ξεγνοιασιά και απεριόριστη όρεξη για παιχνίδι!
Αν και εσείς έχετε την ίδια «τρέλα» με εμάς, τότε η ετήσια γιορτή μας είναι γεγονός.
Την Κυριακή 22 Μαΐου 2016 από τις 10.00 – 18.00 σας περιμένουμε στην κατασκήνωση «Ο Παράδεισος του Παιδιού» στο Καπανδρίτι.
Μια ημερήσια οικογενειακή απόδραση με πολύ ζωντάνια, κέφι, τραγούδια, εργαστήρια, αφηγήσεις, θεατρικές παραστάσεις, αθλητικές δραστηριότητες και όλα αυτά στον ασφαλή χώρο των κατασκηνώσεων Ασημακόπουλου «Ο Παράδεισος του Παιδιού». Οι εγκαταστάσεις βρίσκονται στις Αφίδνες Αττικής, πολύ κοντά στην Αθήνα και ειδικά στα βόρεια προάστια, στο ύψος των πρώτων διοδίων στο 31ο χλμ. Εθνικής οδού Αθηνών – Λαμίας.
Σημαντικοί αρωγοί στην προσπάθειά μας, αποτελούν οι συνεργάτες «διαμάντια» μας και σας τους παρουσιάζουμε
Καλλιτεχνικά εργαστήρια: Για Έναν Κόσμο του Κουτιού, Η Φιλοσοφία μας, Παίξε Γέλασε, Παραμυθοχωριό, Plasteliniland, Δον Κιχώτης
Θεατρικό Παιχνίδι: Μορφές Έκφρασης
Εργαστήρια Πειραμάτων: Δρ. Πειραματίξ, Planet Physics
Magic Show: Μάγος Funtastico
Φαντασμαγορικό Show: Mrs & Mrs Bubble
Αθλοπαιδιές: Fitness for Families, Agia Anna Club – Animation Team, Mini Πρωταθλήματα ποδοσφαίρου από την ομάδα ΑΟ Κορυδαλλού
Εργαστήρι καραγκιόζη: Ηλίας Καρελλάς
Διαδραστικό εργαστήριο επικοινωνίας γονέων με παιδιά: από την Αέρινη Πόλη και τον Αντώνη Μπέρτο
Θεατρικές Παραστάσεις:
«Κουκουμπλής» από την Θεατρική Ομάδα Μικρός Νότος
«Παίζοντας με τους μύθους» και «Αίσωπος+¬Αδελφοί Γκριμ=παιχνίδι» από τη Θεατρική Ομάδα ΤΟΠΙ
«Η άσπρη κότα» από τη Θεατρική Ομάδα Σκαραβαίοι
Αφηγήσεις Παραμυθιών: Από τη Σάσα Βούλγαρη και τη Νίκη Κάπαρη με μουσική συνοδεία από τον μουσικοσυνθέτη Γιάννη Ψειμάδα
Βιβλιοπαρουσιάσεις:
Μαρία Καλύβα παρουσίαση του βιβλίου της «Ένα ξεχωριστό πλάσμα» με διαδραστικά παχνίδια & κουκλοθεατρική αφήγηση.
Κωνσταντίνα Τασσοπούλου παρουσίαση βιβλίου της «ΤΥΡΟΛΟΓΙΟΝ» που μιλά για τη σωστή διατροφή και το βιβλίο της «KIDY & ΦΑΝΟΥΡΗ» που έχει ως ήρωα τον κύριο Μαϊντανό.
(ΓΙΑ TO ΑΝΑΝΕΩΜΕΝΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΦΕΣΤΙΒΑΛ, ΣΥΝΔΕΘΕΙΤΕ ΣΤΟ WWW.ELAMAZI.GR)
Γενική Είσοδος: 5 € (Δωρεάν τα παιδιά έως και 3 ετών)
Προπώληση: 4 € (μέσω viva.gr)
50 διπλές προσκλήσεις δώρο σε πολύτεκνους και ανέργους! Για περισσότερα, συνδεθείτε στο elamazi.gr/5thFestival
KATΑΣΚΗΝΩΣΕΙΣ ΑΣΗΜΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ «Ο ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΣΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΙΔΙΟΥ»
31ο χλμ. Εθνικής οδού Αθηνών – Λαμίας
Short link: https://goo.gl/maps/Z4hGEgTcYnE2
(Lat:38.1913692, Long:23.8540366)
Δεύτερο Φεστιβάλ του elamazi στον Παράδεισο του Παιδιού» στο ΚαπανδρίτιEla Mazi
Επιστρέφουμε ανανεωμένοι μετά τις καλοκαιρινές μας διακοπές και σας προσκαλούμε στο «2ο Φεστιβάλ elamazi» την Κυριακή 15 Σεπτεμβρίου, από τις 11 το πρωί και μέχρι τις 8 το βράδυ, στον καταπράσινο χώρο «Ο Παράδεισος του παιδιού» των κατασκηνώσεων Ασημακοπούλου στο Καπανδρίτι.
Embryology Course I - Introduction, Gametogenesis, ImplantationRawa Muhsin
This is is the first session of a basic human embryology course, and it discusses:
1. Gametogenesis (both spermato- and oo-genesis)
2. Fertilization
3. Implantation of the zygote in the uterine wall
5ο Φεστιβάλ Elamazi Επιστρέφει δριμύτερο!
Να’ μαστε πάλι μέσα στο Μάιο και αν αναρωτιέστε πως θα αποχαιρετήσουμε την Άνοιξη και καλωσορίσουμε το γλυκό καλοκαιράκι, τότε η απάντηση είναι μια και μοναδική: «5ο Φεστιβάλ Elamazi» !
Ένα φεστιβάλ από γονείς για γονείς.
Τα συστατικά του αγνά όπως πάντα: μπόλικα παιδικά χαμόγελα, περίσσια γονική αγάπη, 2 οκάδες ξεγνοιασιά και απεριόριστη όρεξη για παιχνίδι!
Αν και εσείς έχετε την ίδια «τρέλα» με εμάς, τότε η ετήσια γιορτή μας είναι γεγονός.
Την Κυριακή 22 Μαΐου 2016 από τις 10.00 – 18.00 σας περιμένουμε στην κατασκήνωση «Ο Παράδεισος του Παιδιού» στο Καπανδρίτι.
Μια ημερήσια οικογενειακή απόδραση με πολύ ζωντάνια, κέφι, τραγούδια, εργαστήρια, αφηγήσεις, θεατρικές παραστάσεις, αθλητικές δραστηριότητες και όλα αυτά στον ασφαλή χώρο των κατασκηνώσεων Ασημακόπουλου «Ο Παράδεισος του Παιδιού». Οι εγκαταστάσεις βρίσκονται στις Αφίδνες Αττικής, πολύ κοντά στην Αθήνα και ειδικά στα βόρεια προάστια, στο ύψος των πρώτων διοδίων στο 31ο χλμ. Εθνικής οδού Αθηνών – Λαμίας.
Σημαντικοί αρωγοί στην προσπάθειά μας, αποτελούν οι συνεργάτες «διαμάντια» μας και σας τους παρουσιάζουμε
Καλλιτεχνικά εργαστήρια: Για Έναν Κόσμο του Κουτιού, Η Φιλοσοφία μας, Παίξε Γέλασε, Παραμυθοχωριό, Plasteliniland, Δον Κιχώτης
Θεατρικό Παιχνίδι: Μορφές Έκφρασης
Εργαστήρια Πειραμάτων: Δρ. Πειραματίξ, Planet Physics
Magic Show: Μάγος Funtastico
Φαντασμαγορικό Show: Mrs & Mrs Bubble
Αθλοπαιδιές: Fitness for Families, Agia Anna Club – Animation Team, Mini Πρωταθλήματα ποδοσφαίρου από την ομάδα ΑΟ Κορυδαλλού
Εργαστήρι καραγκιόζη: Ηλίας Καρελλάς
Διαδραστικό εργαστήριο επικοινωνίας γονέων με παιδιά: από την Αέρινη Πόλη και τον Αντώνη Μπέρτο
Θεατρικές Παραστάσεις:
«Κουκουμπλής» από την Θεατρική Ομάδα Μικρός Νότος
«Παίζοντας με τους μύθους» και «Αίσωπος+¬Αδελφοί Γκριμ=παιχνίδι» από τη Θεατρική Ομάδα ΤΟΠΙ
«Η άσπρη κότα» από τη Θεατρική Ομάδα Σκαραβαίοι
Αφηγήσεις Παραμυθιών: Από τη Σάσα Βούλγαρη και τη Νίκη Κάπαρη με μουσική συνοδεία από τον μουσικοσυνθέτη Γιάννη Ψειμάδα
Βιβλιοπαρουσιάσεις:
Μαρία Καλύβα παρουσίαση του βιβλίου της «Ένα ξεχωριστό πλάσμα» με διαδραστικά παχνίδια & κουκλοθεατρική αφήγηση.
Κωνσταντίνα Τασσοπούλου παρουσίαση βιβλίου της «ΤΥΡΟΛΟΓΙΟΝ» που μιλά για τη σωστή διατροφή και το βιβλίο της «KIDY & ΦΑΝΟΥΡΗ» που έχει ως ήρωα τον κύριο Μαϊντανό.
(ΓΙΑ TO ΑΝΑΝΕΩΜΕΝΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΤΟΥ ΦΕΣΤΙΒΑΛ, ΣΥΝΔΕΘΕΙΤΕ ΣΤΟ WWW.ELAMAZI.GR)
Γενική Είσοδος: 5 € (Δωρεάν τα παιδιά έως και 3 ετών)
Προπώληση: 4 € (μέσω viva.gr)
50 διπλές προσκλήσεις δώρο σε πολύτεκνους και ανέργους! Για περισσότερα, συνδεθείτε στο elamazi.gr/5thFestival
KATΑΣΚΗΝΩΣΕΙΣ ΑΣΗΜΑΚΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ «Ο ΠΑΡΑΔΕΙΣΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΠΑΙΔΙΟΥ»
31ο χλμ. Εθνικής οδού Αθηνών – Λαμίας
Short link: https://goo.gl/maps/Z4hGEgTcYnE2
(Lat:38.1913692, Long:23.8540366)
Δεύτερο Φεστιβάλ του elamazi στον Παράδεισο του Παιδιού» στο ΚαπανδρίτιEla Mazi
Επιστρέφουμε ανανεωμένοι μετά τις καλοκαιρινές μας διακοπές και σας προσκαλούμε στο «2ο Φεστιβάλ elamazi» την Κυριακή 15 Σεπτεμβρίου, από τις 11 το πρωί και μέχρι τις 8 το βράδυ, στον καταπράσινο χώρο «Ο Παράδεισος του παιδιού» των κατασκηνώσεων Ασημακοπούλου στο Καπανδρίτι.
Θα θέλαμε να σας προσκαλέσουμε στο "3ο φεστιβάλ elamazi" που θα γίνει την Κυριακή 11 Μαϊου στην κατασκήνωση ΑΝΑΓΕΝΝΗΣΗ στον Κάλαμο Αττικής.
Θα είναι ένα πολιτιστικό φεστιβάλ για όλη την οικογένεια με συμμετοχή θεατρικών παραστάσεων, καλλιτεχνικών και θεατρικών εργαστηρίων, ενώ το φεστιβάλ θα κλείσει με την συναυλία "Μαμά θα κάνω ΜΠΑΝΤΑ" του αγαπημένου παιδικού συγκροτήματος "BURGER PROJECT"
Για την είσοδο σας στο φεστιβάλ, το οικογενειακό εισιτήριο είναι μόλις 10 ευρώ και καλύπτει όλη την οικογένεια ενώ για συλλόγους και με σκοπό να υποστηρίξουμε τις ασθενέστερες οικογένειες, υπάρχει η προσφορά με δύο εισιτήρια δώρο σε κάθε δέκα κρατήσεις
Για περισσότερες πληροφορίες καθώς και για δηλώσεις συμμετοχής, μπορείτε να στείλετε email στην διεύθυνση elamazi@gmail.com
Με εκτίμηση,
Γιώργος & Ελευθερία
elamazi.gr
As a collaborative platform, ROOSTERGNN offers contributors worldwide the chance to voice their opinions. If you are interested in contributing to the first global, bilingual and independent news agency, but need some advice on writing an Op-Ed that meets the ROOSTERGNN standards, look no further.
The following ROOSTERGNN Master Class, “The art of the Op-Ed,” will take you through the opinion article writing process step-by-step, from choosing a topic to crafting an opening paragraph to creating a compelling conclusion.
Interested contributors can then submit finished opinion articles via www.roostergnn.com/contributor. We look forward to reading your submissions!
I get a kick out of solving problems. If you have problems with your brands, I can help solve them with my skills in advertising,
motion graphics, video, design, copywriting, and life
lessons. I’m Nevaldo Shepherd. Welcome to my
advertising portfolio book. Enjoy!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
2. Embryology is the study of
development of an organism from
fertilization of the ovum-the single
cell stage-through the period of
organogenesis.
In the human, this time frame
encompasses the first 8 weeks of
pregnancy.
3. Earliest Development
Week 1: Fertilization , Morula, Blastocyst, Implantation
Week 2: Bilaminar Embryo, Placenta and Membranes,
Gastrulation
Embryonic Period
Week 3: Gastrulation, Neurulation, Early Circulatory System
Week 4: Protoheart beats, Gut tube, Branchial Arches, Limb
Buds
Week 5-8: Organogenesis, Face, Limb differentiation, Ear,
External Genitalia
Foetal Period
Weeks 9-38: Brain growth, neural connections, lots of growth
4.
5. The development of an animal embryo can be divided into
five major processes:
1) GAMETOGENESIS:
the process of gamete production.
2) FERTILIZATION:
the fusion of male and female gametes to form
a single-celled zygote capable of undergoing
development.
3) CLEAVAGE:
the mitotic divisions that divide the
cytoplasm into increasingly smaller
cells, without an increase in the total size
of the cell mass.
6. 4) GASTRULATION:
a stage of cell movement and rearrangement resulting
in three different germ layers of cells.
The three germ layers have different potentials for
tissue specialization and development. Yolk greatly
influences gastrulation and the development of these
three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and
mesoderm.
5) ORGANOGENESIS:
the process whereby organs develop from the three
germ layers.
7. Several cellular events are essential to the process:
(1) Cell proliferation increases cell number in
preparation for cell differentiation. Cell division
(cycle) times in the embryo are as little as 4 hours, so
there can be a 32-fold increase in cell number in a
24-hour period.
(2) Cell migration occurs as cells move into position
to create differentiated cell types.
(3) Cell differentiation is the completion of cell
development, when cells assume their ultimate
phenotype.
8. Oogonia are not shown in this
figure because they
differentiate into primary
oocytes before birth.
Note that
(1) following the two meiotic
divisions, the diploid number
of chromosomes, 46, is
reduced to the haploid number,
23;
(2) four sperms form from one
primary spermatocyte, whereas
only one mature oocyte results
from maturation of a primary
oocyte; and
(3) the cytoplasm is conserved
during oogenesis to form one
large cell, the mature oocyte.
The polar bodies are small
nonfunctional cells that
eventually degenerate.
10. OVARIAN CYCLE AND OVULATION
The ovarian cycle is regulated by the
gonadotrophin releasing hormone produced
by the hypothalamus.
This acts on the pituitary and stimulate the
production of gonadotrophins, the follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH) and the
leutinizing hormone (LH).
11. Ovulation
During each cycle, 5-15 primordial follicles begin to grow
by the action of FSH.
Usually only one of these, mature and only one oocyte is
released.
The others degenerate and the oocyte and follicular cells
are replaced by connective tissue, forming corpus
atreticum.
The follicular and thecal cells produce estrogens which
induces follicular or proliferative phase of the
endometrium and stimulates the production of LH
(required for follicular maturation and ovulation).
14. Ovulation and subsequent changes
The primordial follicle matures into graffian follicle under
the influence of FSH.
The primary oocyte completes the first meiotic division.
The surface of the ovary bulges locally and an avascular sopt
(stigma) appears.
The oocyte together with the cells of the region of cumulus
oopherus is released from the ovary.
Cumulus oophorus cells rearrange around zona pellucida to
form zona radiate.
15. Ovulation and subsequent changes
The oocyte begins the second meotic
division.
The fimbriae collect the oocyte and
guide into the uterine tube.
The granulos cells remaining in the
wall of the follicle gives rise to corpus
luteum that secretes progesterone.
Progesterone together with other
hormones causes the uterine mucosa to
enter progestational or secretory stage.
If fertilization does not occur, corpus
luteum form a scar tissue called corpus
albicans.
If fertilization occurs it remains as
corpus luteum of pregnancy
(graviditatis) and continues to produce
progesterone.
16. Fertilization
Fertilization (fusion of the
sperm and egg) normally
occurs in the ampullary
region of the uterine
(fallopian) tube within 24
hours of ovulation.
17. Fertilization
Once the sperm enters
the egg, the male and
female pronuclei come
into close contact and
replicate their DNA, and
cell division then occurs,
creating a two-cell
embryo.
18.
19.
20. Cell division continues as the embryo proceeds along the
uterine tube toward the uterus.
Three days after fertilization, the embryo consists of a
ball of cells called the morula (mulberry).
21. The cells of the morula undergo compaction, a
process whereby cell-to-cell contacts are
maximized through tight junctions, and inner cells
are segregated from outer cells.
As subsequent cell divisions occur, a small group of
inner cells (the inner cell mass, or embryoblast)
becomes segregated from the outer cells (the outer
cell mass or trophoblast).
Over the next 2 days, fluid is pumped from the
outside to the inside, and the morula is
transformed into a hollow blastocyst.
22.
23. Blastocyst
Trophoblast
(outer cells)
Inner Cell Mass
(foetal cells)
Chorion
(outer
embryonic
membrane)
Placenta
(embryonic
contribution
to nutrient
exchange)
Epiblast
(Amnion
and
ectoderm)
Hypoblast
(Yolk sac
and
endoderm)
25. FETAL
MEMBRANES
These are thin layers of
tissue which surround
the embryo or fetus and
provide for its nutrition,
respiration, excretion
and protection; they are
the yolk sac, allantois,
amnion, and chorion.
26. FETAL MEMBRANES
In the course of development, the
chorion becomes the outermost, and the
amnion the innermost, membrane
surrounding the developing embryo.
As the allantois increases in size, it
expands and becomes closely
associated, if not fused, with the
chorion. The two membranes together
are known as the chorioallantoic
membrane.
The yolk sac gradually decreases in size
and is eventually incorporated into the
midgut of the embryo.
27. PLACENTA
Placenta is the structure in most mammals that
develops in the uterus along with a fetus to
mediate metabolic exchange.
Nutrients and oxygen in the mother's blood pass
across the placenta to the fetus, and metabolic
wastes and carbon dioxide from the fetus cross in
the other direction; the two blood supplies do not
mix.
28. UTERUS, UTERINE TUBES, AND OVARIES
The body of the uterus narrows from the fundus, the rounded, superior part of the body, to
the isthmus, constricted region between the body and cervix.
The cervix of the uterus is its tapered vaginal end that is nearly cylindrical in shape.
The lumen of the cervix, the cervical canal, has a constricted opening at each end.
The internal os communicates with the cavity of the uterine body and the external os
communicates with the vagina.
Uterus The uterus
a thick-walled, pear-shaped muscular organ
The uterus consists of two major parts:
Body, the expanded superior two thirds
Cervix, the cylindrical inferior one third
29. UTERUS, UTERINE TUBES, AND
OVARIES
The walls of the body of the uterus consist of
three layers
Perimetrium, the thin external layer
Myometrium, the thick smooth muscle layer
Endometrium, the thin internal layer
The perimetrium is a peritoneal layer that is
firmly attached to the myometrium.
During the luteal (secretory) phase of the
menstrual cycle, three layers of the
endometrium can be distinguished
microscopically (see Fig. C)
A thin, compact layer consisting of densely
packed, connective tissue around the necks of
the uterine glands
A thick, spongy layer composed of
edematous connective tissue containing the
dilated, tortuous bodies of the uterine glands
A thin, basal layer containing the blind ends
of the uterine glands
30. During the luteal (secretory) phase of the menstrual
cycle, three layers of the endometrium can be
distinguished microscopically (see Fig. C)
A thin, compact layer consisting of densely
packed, connective tissue around the necks of the
uterine glands
A thick, spongy layer composed of edematous
connective tissue containing the dilated, tortuous
bodies of the uterine glands
A thin, basal layer containing the blind ends of the
uterine glands
The walls of the body of the uterus
consist of three layers
Perimetrium, the thin external layer
Myometrium, the thick smooth
muscle layer
Endometrium, the thin internal layer
The perimetrium is a peritoneal
layer that is firmly attached to the
myometrium.
31. About the sixth day, the blastocyst implants by
attaching itself to the uterine epithelium
The uterus consists of three layers, endometrium, the
mucosal lining, myometrium, thick layer of
smooth muscles and perimetrium, the peritoneal
covering of the outside wall.
During the ovarian cycle the endometrium passes
through the follicular or proliferative phase,
secretory or progestational phase and the
menstrual phase.
32. UTERUS, UTERINE TUBES, AND
OVARIES
At the peak of its development,
the endometrium is 4 to 5 mm
thick.
The basal layer of the
endometrium has its own blood
supply and is not sloughed off
during menstruation.
The compact and spongy layers,
known collectively as the
functional layer, disintegrate
and are shed during
menstruation and after
parturition (delivery of a baby).
33. Proliferation phase:
It begins at the end of the menstrual phase under the
influence of estrogen.
Secretory phase:
This phase begins 2-3 days after ovulation in response to
progesterone produced by the corpus luteum. Implantation
occurs during this phase. During this period three layers of
the uterine mucosa can be distinguished (superficial
compact layer, intermediate compact layer and a thin
basal layer).
Menstrual phase:
If fertilization does not occur the shedding of compact and
spongy layer begins, making the initiation of the menstrual
phase.
36. 2nd week of development
After implantation, over the next several
days, the blastocyst invades this tissue.
By this time, the trophoblast has
differentiated into two layers: an invasive
outer multinucleated cytoplasmic mass
called the syncytiotrophoblast, and an inner
proliferative, the cytotrophoblast.
SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLAST
CYTOTROPHOBLAST
37.
38.
39. The embryoblast reorganizes into two layers, the
epiblast dorsally and the hypoblast ventrally
EPIBLAST DORSALLY
HYPOBLAST VENTRALLY
40. Two cavities are formed, the amniotic cavity dorsal to the epiblast and the
yolk sac cavity ventral to the hypoblast
AMNIOTIC
CAVITY
AND THE
YOLK SAC
CAVITY
41. The epiblast and hypoblast appear as a slightly elongated disc (the
bilaminar germ disc) and it is the epiblast that will give rise to all of the
tissues of the embryo.
42. Proliferation of epiblast
cells at the margins of
the disc forms
amnioblasts that line
the amniotic cavity.
In a similar fashion, a
primitive yolk sac is
created by proliferation
of hypoblast cells at the
disc margins.
Thus, the embryonic disc is
suspended between
these two cavities.
43. Two layers of
extraembryonic
mesoderm are
formed between
the embryo and
its cavities and
cytotrophoblast.
Extraembryonic mesoderm is formed by the cells derived from the yolk sac and forms a connective
tissue network.
Initially, this tissue forms as a single layer, but it soon separates into two layers: a layer around the
yolk sac, which is the extraembryonic splanchnic mesoderm, and a layer over the amnion and on
the inner surface of the cytotrophoblast, which is the extraembryonic somatic mesoderm.
44. By 12 to 14 days, cells of
the syncytiotrophoblast
erode uterine blood
vessels, and maternal
blood fills spaces
(lacunae) that form in the
syncytium, bringing
nutrients closer to the
developing embryo.
45.
46. 3rd week of development
Gastrulation which results in the
development of three germ layers,
ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm,
occurs during this week.
47. 3rd week of
development
Gastrulation begins
with the formation of a
primitive streak, which
later appears as a
narrow groove, on the
surface of the epiblast.
48. 3rd week of
development
The cephalic end of the
primitive streak is called
primitive node.
The primitive node
consists of a slightly
elevated area surrounding
the small primitive pit.
49. 3rd week of development
Cells of the epiblast migrate toward the primitive streak.
Upon arrival at the primitive streak they become flask
shaped and detach from the epiblast and lie beneath it.
This type of cell movement is called invagination.
50. 3rd week of development
Some of the invaginating cells displaces the hypoblast,
giving rise to endoderm.
Some of the other cells occupy the region between the
newly formed endoderm and the epiblast forming the
mesoderm.
The cells remaining in the epiblst forms the ectoderm.