This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to optimize the allocation and sizing of distributed generation (DG) units in distribution systems. The goal is to minimize power losses and improve voltage profiles. The ABC algorithm is described as being inspired by honeybee swarm behavior and involving employed, onlooker, and scout bee groups. The algorithm is tested on the IEEE 34 bus test system and results are verified in ETAP and MATLAB software. Key findings are that ABC algorithm provides an efficient, robust method for solving mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problems related to DG unit placement and sizing.
IRJET- Review: Active Power Filtering Techniques for Power SystemIRJET Journal
This document reviews active power filtering techniques for power systems. It begins with an abstract that defines active filters as power electronic circuits that use power switches and passive elements like inductors and capacitors to control current harmonics and reactive power. It then provides an introduction that discusses the increasing use of distributed generation and renewable energy sources integrating with grids, which can cause power quality issues. The document then describes different active power filtering techniques in detail, including shunt active power filters, series active power filters, and unified power quality conditioners. It reviews several specific techniques reported in other research publications that use active power filters with photovoltaic systems, neural networks based control, and nonlinear inductance modeling.
Optimal Capacitor Placement in Distribution System using Fuzzy TechniquesIDES Editor
To improve the overall efficiency of power system,
the performance of distribution system must be improved. It
is done by installing shunt capacitors in radial distribution
system. The problem of capacitor allocation in electric
distribution systems involves maximizing “energy and peak
power (demand) loss reductions” by means of capacitor
installations. As a result power factor of distribution system
improves. There is also lots of saving in terms of money. A 10
bus radial distribution system is taken as the model. Then a
load flow programs is executed on MATLAB. Then by using
load flow data & fuzzy techniques the determination of suitable
location of capacitor placement and its size is done. Shunt
capacitors to be placed at the nodes of the system will be
represented as reactive power injections. Fuzzy techniques have
advantages of simplicity, less computations & fast results. The
same techniques can be applied to complex distribution systems
& dynamic loads.
Cost Allocation of Reactive Power Using Matrix Methodology in Transmission Ne...IJAAS Team
This document presents a matrix methodology for allocating the costs of reactive power flows in transmission networks. The methodology traces reactive power flows through the network using Kirchhoff's current law and proportional sharing principles. It then allocates the costs of reactive power to generators and loads using the MVAr-mile method. The methodology is demonstrated on sample 6-bus and IEEE 14-bus test systems. Results show the allocated reactive power flows to different loads and the costs allocated to loads for recovery of total reactive power costs in the transmission network.
This document describes a methodology for optimally allocating Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) devices in a power transmission system using multi-objective optimal power flow and genetic algorithms. The objectives are to maximize social welfare by minimizing generation costs while also minimizing branch overloading. A multi-objective optimal power flow formulation is presented with two objective functions - minimizing total generation costs and minimizing an exponential branch loading function. A genetic algorithm is then used to determine the optimal number and locations of UPFC devices to place on the system to minimize the two objectives simultaneously. The approach is demonstrated on the IEEE 30-bus test system.
Improvement of voltage profile for large scale power system using soft comput...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In modern power system operation, control, and planning, reactive power as part of power system component is very important in order to supply electrical load such as an electric motor. However, the reactive current that flows from the generator to load demand can cause voltage drop and active power loss. Hence, it is essential to install a compensating device such as a shunt capacitor close to the load bus to improve the voltage profile and decrease the total power loss of transmission line system. This paper presents the application of a genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and artificial bee colony (ABC)) to obtain the optimal size of the shunt capacitor where those capacitors are located on the critical bus. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is examined by utilizing Java-Madura-Bali (JAMALI) 500 kV power system grid as the test system. From the simulation results, the PSO and ABC algorithms are providing satisfactory results in obtaining the capacitor size and can reduce the total power loss of around 15.873 MW. Moreover, a different result is showed by the GA approach where the power loss in the JAMALI 500kV power grid can be compressed only up to 15.54 MW or 11.38% from the power system operation without a shunt capacitor. The three soft computing techniques could also maintain the voltage profile within 1.05 p.u and 0.95 p.u.
In this paper a load flow based method using MATLAB Software is used to determine the optimum location and optimum size of DG in a 43-bus distribution system for voltage profile improvement and loss reduction. This paper proposes analytical expressions for finding optimal size of three types of distributed generation (DG) units. DG units are sized to achieve the highest loss reduction in distribution networks. Single DG installation case was studied and compared to a case without DG, and 43-bus distribution system is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed analytical expressions are based on an improvement to the method that was limited to DG type, which is capable of injecting real power only, DG capable of injecting reactive power only and DG capable of injecting both real and reactive power can also be identified with their optimal size and location using the proposed method. This paper has been analysed with varying DG size and complexity and validated using analytical method for Summer case and Winter case in 43-bus distribution system in Myanmar.
Keywords- analytical method,distributed generation,power loss reduction,voltage profile improvement.
IRJET- A Review on Grid Connected Multi Array PV Battery based Bi-Directi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) battery system with a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The proposed system aims to satisfy load demand, manage power flow from PV, battery, and grid sources, inject excess power to the grid, and charge the battery from the grid. A bidirectional buck-boost converter is used to harness power from PV and control battery charging/discharging. A single-phase full-bridge bidirectional converter feeds AC loads and interacts with the grid. The proposed converter architecture has fewer conversion stages and components than existing hybrid systems, improving efficiency and reliability.
IRJET- Review: Active Power Filtering Techniques for Power SystemIRJET Journal
This document reviews active power filtering techniques for power systems. It begins with an abstract that defines active filters as power electronic circuits that use power switches and passive elements like inductors and capacitors to control current harmonics and reactive power. It then provides an introduction that discusses the increasing use of distributed generation and renewable energy sources integrating with grids, which can cause power quality issues. The document then describes different active power filtering techniques in detail, including shunt active power filters, series active power filters, and unified power quality conditioners. It reviews several specific techniques reported in other research publications that use active power filters with photovoltaic systems, neural networks based control, and nonlinear inductance modeling.
Optimal Capacitor Placement in Distribution System using Fuzzy TechniquesIDES Editor
To improve the overall efficiency of power system,
the performance of distribution system must be improved. It
is done by installing shunt capacitors in radial distribution
system. The problem of capacitor allocation in electric
distribution systems involves maximizing “energy and peak
power (demand) loss reductions” by means of capacitor
installations. As a result power factor of distribution system
improves. There is also lots of saving in terms of money. A 10
bus radial distribution system is taken as the model. Then a
load flow programs is executed on MATLAB. Then by using
load flow data & fuzzy techniques the determination of suitable
location of capacitor placement and its size is done. Shunt
capacitors to be placed at the nodes of the system will be
represented as reactive power injections. Fuzzy techniques have
advantages of simplicity, less computations & fast results. The
same techniques can be applied to complex distribution systems
& dynamic loads.
Cost Allocation of Reactive Power Using Matrix Methodology in Transmission Ne...IJAAS Team
This document presents a matrix methodology for allocating the costs of reactive power flows in transmission networks. The methodology traces reactive power flows through the network using Kirchhoff's current law and proportional sharing principles. It then allocates the costs of reactive power to generators and loads using the MVAr-mile method. The methodology is demonstrated on sample 6-bus and IEEE 14-bus test systems. Results show the allocated reactive power flows to different loads and the costs allocated to loads for recovery of total reactive power costs in the transmission network.
This document describes a methodology for optimally allocating Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) devices in a power transmission system using multi-objective optimal power flow and genetic algorithms. The objectives are to maximize social welfare by minimizing generation costs while also minimizing branch overloading. A multi-objective optimal power flow formulation is presented with two objective functions - minimizing total generation costs and minimizing an exponential branch loading function. A genetic algorithm is then used to determine the optimal number and locations of UPFC devices to place on the system to minimize the two objectives simultaneously. The approach is demonstrated on the IEEE 30-bus test system.
Improvement of voltage profile for large scale power system using soft comput...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In modern power system operation, control, and planning, reactive power as part of power system component is very important in order to supply electrical load such as an electric motor. However, the reactive current that flows from the generator to load demand can cause voltage drop and active power loss. Hence, it is essential to install a compensating device such as a shunt capacitor close to the load bus to improve the voltage profile and decrease the total power loss of transmission line system. This paper presents the application of a genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and artificial bee colony (ABC)) to obtain the optimal size of the shunt capacitor where those capacitors are located on the critical bus. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is examined by utilizing Java-Madura-Bali (JAMALI) 500 kV power system grid as the test system. From the simulation results, the PSO and ABC algorithms are providing satisfactory results in obtaining the capacitor size and can reduce the total power loss of around 15.873 MW. Moreover, a different result is showed by the GA approach where the power loss in the JAMALI 500kV power grid can be compressed only up to 15.54 MW or 11.38% from the power system operation without a shunt capacitor. The three soft computing techniques could also maintain the voltage profile within 1.05 p.u and 0.95 p.u.
In this paper a load flow based method using MATLAB Software is used to determine the optimum location and optimum size of DG in a 43-bus distribution system for voltage profile improvement and loss reduction. This paper proposes analytical expressions for finding optimal size of three types of distributed generation (DG) units. DG units are sized to achieve the highest loss reduction in distribution networks. Single DG installation case was studied and compared to a case without DG, and 43-bus distribution system is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed analytical expressions are based on an improvement to the method that was limited to DG type, which is capable of injecting real power only, DG capable of injecting reactive power only and DG capable of injecting both real and reactive power can also be identified with their optimal size and location using the proposed method. This paper has been analysed with varying DG size and complexity and validated using analytical method for Summer case and Winter case in 43-bus distribution system in Myanmar.
Keywords- analytical method,distributed generation,power loss reduction,voltage profile improvement.
IRJET- A Review on Grid Connected Multi Array PV Battery based Bi-Directi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) battery system with a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The proposed system aims to satisfy load demand, manage power flow from PV, battery, and grid sources, inject excess power to the grid, and charge the battery from the grid. A bidirectional buck-boost converter is used to harness power from PV and control battery charging/discharging. A single-phase full-bridge bidirectional converter feeds AC loads and interacts with the grid. The proposed converter architecture has fewer conversion stages and components than existing hybrid systems, improving efficiency and reliability.
Capacitor Placement and Reconfiguration of Distribution System with hybrid Fu...IOSR Journals
The document describes a hybrid fuzzy-opposition based differential evolution algorithm for capacitor placement and distribution system reconfiguration to minimize transmission losses and costs. The algorithm considers constraints like voltage limits and current limits while optimizing the objective function of total annual cost, which includes energy loss costs and capacitor costs. It was tested on the IEEE 33-bus distribution test system and able to reduce losses and satisfy power flow constraints.
A novel methodology for maximization of Reactive Reserve using Teaching-Learn...IOSR Journals
This document presents a novel methodology for maximizing reactive reserve using a teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm. The methodology aims to both maximize reactive reserves at generators based on their participation factors, and maintain a desired voltage stability margin. It formulates reactive reserve maximization as an optimization problem with objectives and constraints. A teaching-learning-based optimization approach is applied to find the global optimum solution more efficiently than conventional methods, given the large-scale, non-linear nature of the problem. The methodology is tested on standard 6-bus test systems.
IRJET - The Power Quality Improvement with Harmonic Reduction and Stabilizing...IRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for improving power quality in electrical generation, transmission, and distribution systems. It focuses on reducing harmonic distortion from power electronics equipment. The paper proposes a control strategy for grid-interfacing inverters in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems to achieve power quality benefits. Simulation and experimental results show the approach reduces total harmonic distortion in the grid current by compensating for load harmonics, unbalance, and neutral current. The inverters can effectively utilize power from renewable energy sources to meet lagging demand while improving power quality on the distribution grid.
IRJET- A Review on Designing of 100KV Grid Power using Hybrid ParametersIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design of a 100kV grid power system using hybrid wind and solar energy sources. It discusses using a converter and inverter to integrate the wind and solar energy inputs and provide high quality AC power to the grid. The aim is to maximize energy extraction from both sources and maintain a stable output voltage. Several previous studies on hybrid renewable energy systems, multilevel inverters, and maximum power point tracking algorithms are also summarized to provide relevant background.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Radial and Ring Type Distribution SystemIRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study of radial and ring type electrical power distribution systems. It discusses how a radial distribution system has only one path of power flow, while a ring system has one or more alternate paths, improving reliability. A 5-bus distribution system is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink to compare the two system types. Simulation results show the ring type distribution system provides more reliable power supply with better voltage profile and quality compared to the radial system.
This Paper mainly deals with the implementation of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in Pulse Width Modulation control of Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC). Generally PID, Fuzzy techniques are being used to control DC – DC converter. This paper presents a ANFIS controller based SEPIC converter for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation of a photovoltaic (PV) system. The ANFIS controller for the SEPIC MPPT scheme shows a high precision in current transition and keeps the voltage without any changes represented in small steady state error and small overshoot. The proposed scheme ensures optimal use of photovoltaic (PV) array, wind turbine and proves its efficacy in variable load conditions, unity and lagging power factor at the inverter output (load) side. The performance of the proposed ANFIS based MPPT operation of SEPIC converter is compared to those of the conventional PID and Fuzzy based SEPIC converter. The results show that the proposed ANFIS based MPPT scheme for SEPIC can transfer power to about 20 percent (approx) more than conventional system.
A NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING ANN TECHNIQUE FO...IJERD Editor
The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a Micro grid-connected hybrid generation
system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available
renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive MPPT algorithm along with
standard perturbs and observes method will be used for the system.
The inverter converts the DC output from non-conventional energy into useful AC power for the
connected load. This hybrid system operates under normal conditions which include normal room temperature
in the case of solar energy and normal wind speed at plain area in the case of wind energy. However, designing
an optimal micro grid is not an easy task, due to the fact that primary energy carriers are changeable and
uncontrollable, as is the demand. Traditional design and optimization tools, developed for controlled power
sources, cannot be employed here. Simulation methods seem to be the best solution.
The dynamic model of the proposed system is first elaborated in the stationary reference frame and
then transformed into the synchronous orthogonal reference frame. The transformed variables are used in
control of the voltage source converter as the heart of the interfacing system between DG resources and utility
grid. By setting an appropriate compensation current references from the sensed load currents in control circuit
loop of DG, the active, reactive, and harmonic load current components will be compensated with fast dynamic
response, thereby achieving sinusoidal grid currents in phase with load voltages, while required power of the
load is more than the maximum injected power of the DG to the grid. In addition, the proposed control method
of this paper does not need a phase-locked loop in control circuit and has fast dynamic response in providing
active and reactive power components of the grid-connected loads.
Normally, the character of the wind energy as a renewable energy sources has uncertainty in generation. To resolve the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) drawback, this paper proposed a replacement Hybrid Multi Objective Artificial Physical Optimization (HMOAPO) algorithmic rule, which does not require any management parameters compared to different meta-heuristic algorithms within the literature. Artificial Physical Optimization (APO), a moderately new population-based intelligence algorithm, shows fine performance on improvement issues. Moreover, this paper presents hybrid variety of Animal Migration Optimization (AMO) algorithmic rule to express the convergence characteristic of APO. The OPF drawback is taken into account with six totally different check cases, the effectiveness of the proposed HMOAPO technique is tested on IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 118-bus and IEEE 300-bus check system. The obtained results from the HMOAPO algorithm is compared with the other improvement techniques within the literature. The obtained comparison results indicate that proposed technique is effective to succeed in best resolution for the OPF drawback.
Residential Community Load Management based on Optimal Design of Standalone H...Asoka Technologies
This document presents a study on designing a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a residential community in Pakistan using PV, wind, diesel, and battery. Nine system configurations were analyzed using HOMER software to determine the optimal and most economical design. HOMER results showed a PV-wind-battery system with 13.4 kW PV, 4 kW wind, and 20 battery units was optimal, with a net present cost of $28,620 and cost of energy of $0.311/kWh. MATLAB/Simulink modeling validated this design could maintain voltages and safe battery SOC while meeting load, even with generation and demand fluctuations. The HRES design and control strategy presented provides a tool for planning
Review on Optimal Allocation of Capacitor in Radial Distribution SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses optimizing the allocation of capacitors in a radial distribution system to minimize power losses and improve voltage profiles. It first reviews previous work on using techniques like loss sensitivity factor (LSF) analysis and algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithms (GA) to determine the optimal location and sizing of capacitors. It then outlines the objectives of applying these methods simultaneously to the test 69-bus radial distribution system, noting it leads to better optimization results than separate solutions. The conclusion reaffirms the proposed approach will minimize losses and test on the 69-bus system to develop an intelligent model for accurate capacitor placement.
On the optimal transmission policy in hybrid energy supply wireless communica...MNIT Jaipur
This document discusses energy efficient transmission scheduling in wireless communication systems with hybrid energy supplies. It presents a system model where the transmitter is powered by both a primary battery and an energy harvester. It formulates two optimization problems: 1) minimizing the outage probability by deriving the optimal saving factor and 2) minimizing the battery energy consumption through optimal packet scheduling and saving factor selection. The document concludes that for high throughput requirements, it is best to transmit using only battery energy rather than harvested energy.
IRJET- A Survey on Optimization Technique for Congestion Managenment in Restr...IRJET Journal
This document discusses congestion management in restructured power markets using generator rescheduling optimization techniques. It presents particle swarm optimization (PSO) as an effective method to select generators and reschedule their power outputs to minimize congestion costs. PSO works by having particles represent potential solutions that move through the search space, guided by their own experience and the experiences of neighboring particles. The algorithm iteratively improves the candidate solutions until an optimal rescheduling plan is found. The technique aims to reduce participating generator numbers and reschedule their outputs at minimum cost while respecting power balance and operating constraints. PSO is well-suited for this problem due to its simplicity, efficiency, and ability to handle non-convex problems.
Optimal Capacitor Placement for IEEE 14 bus system using Genetic AlgorithmAM Publications
Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a non-parametric optimization technique that is frequently used in problems of combinatory nature with discrete or continuous variables. Depending on the evaluation function used this optimization technique may be applied to solve problems containing more than one objective. In treating with multi-objective evaluation functions it is important to have an adequate methodology to solve the multiple objectives problem so that each partial objective composing the evaluation function is adequately treated in the overall optimal solution. In this paper the multi-objective optimization problem is treated in details and a typical example concerning the allocation of capacitor banks in a real distribution grid is presented. The allocation of capacitor banks corresponds to one of the most important problems related to the planning of electrical distribution networks. This problem consists of determining, with the smallest possible cost, the placement and the dimension of each capacitor bank to be installed in the electrical distribution grid with the additional objectives of minimizing the voltage deviations and power losses. As many other problems of planning electrical distribution networks, the allocation of capacitor banks are characterized by the high complexity in the search of the optimum solution. In this context, the GA comes as a viable tool to obtaining practical solutions to this problem. Simulation results obtained with a electrical distribution grid are presented and demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology used.
DESIGN AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF SEVEN LEVEL CASCADED GRID CONNECTED INVERTE...ijiert bestjournal
This paper presents the simulation analysis of sev en level cascaded grid connected inverter and also compared with five level inverter for %THD for voltage and current by using level shifted PWM techniques. The proposed system are modeled and simulated through computer software tool using MATLAB /SIMULINK. This paper also presen ts the design and development of the seven level cascaded grid connected inverter.The LC filter is also use in the output side to further reduce the THD values.Seven level inverter is utili se as a power converter to inject power generated from pv source to the grid.Multilevel inv erters have been mainly used in medium- or high-power system applications,such as static reac tive power compensation and adjustable-speed drives. In these applications,due to the limitatio ns of the currently available power semiconductor technology.The term multilevel began with the three-level converter. Subsequently,several multilevel converter topologi es have been developed. However,the elementary concept of a multilevel converter to ach ieve higher power is to use a series of power semiconductor switches with several lowerVoltage dc sources to perform the power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. Capac itors,batteries,and renewable energy voltage sources can be used as the multiple dc volt age sources. The commutation of the power switches aggregate these multiple dc sources in ord er to achieve high voltage at the output;however,the rated voltage of the power semiconduct or switches depends only upon the rating of the dc voltage sources to which they are connected Percentage of THD for R,RL,RLC load taken and simulation results analyse and studied an d comparison made between five level and seven level .
IRJET- Dynamic Voltage Restorer Frame Work to Improve Power Quality of the Di...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed framework for integrating ultracapacitors (UCAP) with a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to improve power quality on the distribution grid. The DVR compensates for voltage sags and swells by injecting voltage in-phase with the grid. Integrating UCAP provides active power support to handle deeper or longer disturbances without relying solely on the grid. Simulation results show the UCAP-DVR system can maintain constant load voltage during faults by injecting compensating voltage from the UCAP through a bi-directional DC-DC converter and three-phase inverter. This integration improves the DVR's capability to restore voltages during faults on the distribution grid.
Optimal distributed generation in green building assessment towards line loss...journalBEEI
This paper presents an optimization approach for criteria setting of Renewable Distributed Generation (DG) in the Green Building Rating System (GBRS). In this study, the total line loss reduction is analyzed and set as the main objective function in the optimization process which then a reassessment of existing criteria setting for renewable energy (RE) is proposed towards lower loss outcome. Solar photovoltaic (PV)-type DG unit (PV-DG) is identified as the type of DG used in this paper. The proposed PV-DG optimization will improve the sustainable energy performance of the green building by total line losses reduction within accepted lower losses region using Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. The distribution network uses bus and line data setup from selected one of each three levels of Malaysian public hospital. MATLAB simulation result shows that the PV-DG expanding capacity towards optimal scale and location provides a better outcome in minimizing total line losses within an appropriate voltage profile as compared to the current setting of PV-DG imposed in selected GBRS. Thus, reassessment of RE parameter setting and the proposed five rankings with new PV-DG setting for public hospital provides technical justification and give the best option to the green building developer for more
effective RE integration.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Islanded microgrid congestion control by load prioritization and shedding usi...IJECEIAES
The document discusses congestion management in an islanded microgrid supplied by renewable energy sources using an artificial bee colony algorithm. It formulates the congestion management problem as an optimization problem that aims to minimize overloads and power losses by optimally shedding loads based on priority indices. The artificial bee colony algorithm is applied to determine the optimal amount and location of loads to shed. It is tested on a modified IEEE 30-bus distribution system in MATLAB. The results are compared to other algorithms to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for congestion control in islanded microgrids with intermittent renewable generation.
Optimal Power Flow with Reactive Power Compensation for Cost And Loss Minimiz...ijeei-iaes
One of the concerns of power system planners is the problem of optimum cost of generation as well as loss minimization on the grid system. This issue can be addressed in a number of ways; one of such ways is the use of reactive power support (shunt capacitor compensation). This paper used the method of shunt capacitor placement for cost and transmission loss minimization on Nigerian power grid system which is a 24-bus, 330kV network interconnecting four thermal generating stations (Sapele, Delta, Afam and Egbin) and three hydro stations to various load points. Simulation in MATLAB was performed on the Nigerian 330kV transmission grid system. The technique employed was based on the optimal power flow formulations using Newton-Raphson iterative method for the load flow analysis of the grid system. The results show that when shunt capacitor was employed as the inequality constraints on the power system, there is a reduction in the total cost of generation accompanied with reduction in the total system losses with a significant improvement in the system voltage profile
Optimal Placement and Sizing of Capacitor and Distributed Generator in Radial...IJMTST Journal
This document summarizes research on optimally placing and sizing capacitors and distributed generators in radial distribution systems to minimize losses. Key points:
1) Radial distribution systems are analyzed using a network-topology-based load flow method due to high R/X ratios.
2) A direct search algorithm is used to determine the optimal capacitor sizes, locations, and distributed generator sizes and locations to minimize losses.
3) Case studies on 15-bus, 33-bus, and 69-bus test systems demonstrate the algorithm can reduce losses by over 90% compared to base cases by optimally placing capacitors and distributed generators.
Optimal placement and sizing of ht shunt capacitors for transmission loss min...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology that proposes a method for optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitors in the RRVPNL Power Grid transmission network in India. The objectives are to minimize transmission losses and improve the voltage profile in a cost-effective manner. The method formulates the problem using an objective function that considers active power loss reduction and voltage deviation minimization. Power flow is solved iteratively using MATLAB to determine the optimal capacitor locations and sizes that meet the objectives while satisfying voltage constraints. Simulation results found the proposed method effectively restructures capacitor placement in the grid to optimize utilization of capacitors for loss reduction and voltage stability enhancement.
Reliability Indices Evaluation of a Real Time Rural Radial Distribution FeederIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that evaluates reliability indices for a real-time rural radial distribution feeder in India. The study calculates reliability before and after adding protective devices (isolators) to the feeder. It first inserts capacitors at weak voltage nodes to improve voltage profiles and reduce losses. Reliability indices are then determined for the existing feeder and after isolators are placed. Load diversity factor is used to analyze real-time load data. The methodology develops matrices to model relationships between bus currents, branch currents, and voltages to solve the load flow using a particle swarm optimization technique. Results are presented for an 11kV rural feeder case study in India.
Capacitor Placement and Reconfiguration of Distribution System with hybrid Fu...IOSR Journals
The document describes a hybrid fuzzy-opposition based differential evolution algorithm for capacitor placement and distribution system reconfiguration to minimize transmission losses and costs. The algorithm considers constraints like voltage limits and current limits while optimizing the objective function of total annual cost, which includes energy loss costs and capacitor costs. It was tested on the IEEE 33-bus distribution test system and able to reduce losses and satisfy power flow constraints.
A novel methodology for maximization of Reactive Reserve using Teaching-Learn...IOSR Journals
This document presents a novel methodology for maximizing reactive reserve using a teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm. The methodology aims to both maximize reactive reserves at generators based on their participation factors, and maintain a desired voltage stability margin. It formulates reactive reserve maximization as an optimization problem with objectives and constraints. A teaching-learning-based optimization approach is applied to find the global optimum solution more efficiently than conventional methods, given the large-scale, non-linear nature of the problem. The methodology is tested on standard 6-bus test systems.
IRJET - The Power Quality Improvement with Harmonic Reduction and Stabilizing...IRJET Journal
This document discusses techniques for improving power quality in electrical generation, transmission, and distribution systems. It focuses on reducing harmonic distortion from power electronics equipment. The paper proposes a control strategy for grid-interfacing inverters in 3-phase 4-wire distribution systems to achieve power quality benefits. Simulation and experimental results show the approach reduces total harmonic distortion in the grid current by compensating for load harmonics, unbalance, and neutral current. The inverters can effectively utilize power from renewable energy sources to meet lagging demand while improving power quality on the distribution grid.
IRJET- A Review on Designing of 100KV Grid Power using Hybrid ParametersIRJET Journal
This document reviews the design of a 100kV grid power system using hybrid wind and solar energy sources. It discusses using a converter and inverter to integrate the wind and solar energy inputs and provide high quality AC power to the grid. The aim is to maximize energy extraction from both sources and maintain a stable output voltage. Several previous studies on hybrid renewable energy systems, multilevel inverters, and maximum power point tracking algorithms are also summarized to provide relevant background.
IRJET- Comparative Study of Radial and Ring Type Distribution SystemIRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative study of radial and ring type electrical power distribution systems. It discusses how a radial distribution system has only one path of power flow, while a ring system has one or more alternate paths, improving reliability. A 5-bus distribution system is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink to compare the two system types. Simulation results show the ring type distribution system provides more reliable power supply with better voltage profile and quality compared to the radial system.
This Paper mainly deals with the implementation of Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in Pulse Width Modulation control of Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter (SEPIC). Generally PID, Fuzzy techniques are being used to control DC – DC converter. This paper presents a ANFIS controller based SEPIC converter for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation of a photovoltaic (PV) system. The ANFIS controller for the SEPIC MPPT scheme shows a high precision in current transition and keeps the voltage without any changes represented in small steady state error and small overshoot. The proposed scheme ensures optimal use of photovoltaic (PV) array, wind turbine and proves its efficacy in variable load conditions, unity and lagging power factor at the inverter output (load) side. The performance of the proposed ANFIS based MPPT operation of SEPIC converter is compared to those of the conventional PID and Fuzzy based SEPIC converter. The results show that the proposed ANFIS based MPPT scheme for SEPIC can transfer power to about 20 percent (approx) more than conventional system.
A NOVEL CONTROL STRATEGY FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT USING ANN TECHNIQUE FO...IJERD Editor
The proposed system presents power-control strategies of a Micro grid-connected hybrid generation
system with versatile power transfer. This hybrid system allows maximum utilization of freely available
renewable energy sources like wind and photovoltaic energies. For this, an adaptive MPPT algorithm along with
standard perturbs and observes method will be used for the system.
The inverter converts the DC output from non-conventional energy into useful AC power for the
connected load. This hybrid system operates under normal conditions which include normal room temperature
in the case of solar energy and normal wind speed at plain area in the case of wind energy. However, designing
an optimal micro grid is not an easy task, due to the fact that primary energy carriers are changeable and
uncontrollable, as is the demand. Traditional design and optimization tools, developed for controlled power
sources, cannot be employed here. Simulation methods seem to be the best solution.
The dynamic model of the proposed system is first elaborated in the stationary reference frame and
then transformed into the synchronous orthogonal reference frame. The transformed variables are used in
control of the voltage source converter as the heart of the interfacing system between DG resources and utility
grid. By setting an appropriate compensation current references from the sensed load currents in control circuit
loop of DG, the active, reactive, and harmonic load current components will be compensated with fast dynamic
response, thereby achieving sinusoidal grid currents in phase with load voltages, while required power of the
load is more than the maximum injected power of the DG to the grid. In addition, the proposed control method
of this paper does not need a phase-locked loop in control circuit and has fast dynamic response in providing
active and reactive power components of the grid-connected loads.
Normally, the character of the wind energy as a renewable energy sources has uncertainty in generation. To resolve the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) drawback, this paper proposed a replacement Hybrid Multi Objective Artificial Physical Optimization (HMOAPO) algorithmic rule, which does not require any management parameters compared to different meta-heuristic algorithms within the literature. Artificial Physical Optimization (APO), a moderately new population-based intelligence algorithm, shows fine performance on improvement issues. Moreover, this paper presents hybrid variety of Animal Migration Optimization (AMO) algorithmic rule to express the convergence characteristic of APO. The OPF drawback is taken into account with six totally different check cases, the effectiveness of the proposed HMOAPO technique is tested on IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 118-bus and IEEE 300-bus check system. The obtained results from the HMOAPO algorithm is compared with the other improvement techniques within the literature. The obtained comparison results indicate that proposed technique is effective to succeed in best resolution for the OPF drawback.
Residential Community Load Management based on Optimal Design of Standalone H...Asoka Technologies
This document presents a study on designing a standalone hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) for a residential community in Pakistan using PV, wind, diesel, and battery. Nine system configurations were analyzed using HOMER software to determine the optimal and most economical design. HOMER results showed a PV-wind-battery system with 13.4 kW PV, 4 kW wind, and 20 battery units was optimal, with a net present cost of $28,620 and cost of energy of $0.311/kWh. MATLAB/Simulink modeling validated this design could maintain voltages and safe battery SOC while meeting load, even with generation and demand fluctuations. The HRES design and control strategy presented provides a tool for planning
Review on Optimal Allocation of Capacitor in Radial Distribution SystemIRJET Journal
This document discusses optimizing the allocation of capacitors in a radial distribution system to minimize power losses and improve voltage profiles. It first reviews previous work on using techniques like loss sensitivity factor (LSF) analysis and algorithms like particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithms (GA) to determine the optimal location and sizing of capacitors. It then outlines the objectives of applying these methods simultaneously to the test 69-bus radial distribution system, noting it leads to better optimization results than separate solutions. The conclusion reaffirms the proposed approach will minimize losses and test on the 69-bus system to develop an intelligent model for accurate capacitor placement.
On the optimal transmission policy in hybrid energy supply wireless communica...MNIT Jaipur
This document discusses energy efficient transmission scheduling in wireless communication systems with hybrid energy supplies. It presents a system model where the transmitter is powered by both a primary battery and an energy harvester. It formulates two optimization problems: 1) minimizing the outage probability by deriving the optimal saving factor and 2) minimizing the battery energy consumption through optimal packet scheduling and saving factor selection. The document concludes that for high throughput requirements, it is best to transmit using only battery energy rather than harvested energy.
IRJET- A Survey on Optimization Technique for Congestion Managenment in Restr...IRJET Journal
This document discusses congestion management in restructured power markets using generator rescheduling optimization techniques. It presents particle swarm optimization (PSO) as an effective method to select generators and reschedule their power outputs to minimize congestion costs. PSO works by having particles represent potential solutions that move through the search space, guided by their own experience and the experiences of neighboring particles. The algorithm iteratively improves the candidate solutions until an optimal rescheduling plan is found. The technique aims to reduce participating generator numbers and reschedule their outputs at minimum cost while respecting power balance and operating constraints. PSO is well-suited for this problem due to its simplicity, efficiency, and ability to handle non-convex problems.
Optimal Capacitor Placement for IEEE 14 bus system using Genetic AlgorithmAM Publications
Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a non-parametric optimization technique that is frequently used in problems of combinatory nature with discrete or continuous variables. Depending on the evaluation function used this optimization technique may be applied to solve problems containing more than one objective. In treating with multi-objective evaluation functions it is important to have an adequate methodology to solve the multiple objectives problem so that each partial objective composing the evaluation function is adequately treated in the overall optimal solution. In this paper the multi-objective optimization problem is treated in details and a typical example concerning the allocation of capacitor banks in a real distribution grid is presented. The allocation of capacitor banks corresponds to one of the most important problems related to the planning of electrical distribution networks. This problem consists of determining, with the smallest possible cost, the placement and the dimension of each capacitor bank to be installed in the electrical distribution grid with the additional objectives of minimizing the voltage deviations and power losses. As many other problems of planning electrical distribution networks, the allocation of capacitor banks are characterized by the high complexity in the search of the optimum solution. In this context, the GA comes as a viable tool to obtaining practical solutions to this problem. Simulation results obtained with a electrical distribution grid are presented and demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology used.
DESIGN AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF SEVEN LEVEL CASCADED GRID CONNECTED INVERTE...ijiert bestjournal
This paper presents the simulation analysis of sev en level cascaded grid connected inverter and also compared with five level inverter for %THD for voltage and current by using level shifted PWM techniques. The proposed system are modeled and simulated through computer software tool using MATLAB /SIMULINK. This paper also presen ts the design and development of the seven level cascaded grid connected inverter.The LC filter is also use in the output side to further reduce the THD values.Seven level inverter is utili se as a power converter to inject power generated from pv source to the grid.Multilevel inv erters have been mainly used in medium- or high-power system applications,such as static reac tive power compensation and adjustable-speed drives. In these applications,due to the limitatio ns of the currently available power semiconductor technology.The term multilevel began with the three-level converter. Subsequently,several multilevel converter topologi es have been developed. However,the elementary concept of a multilevel converter to ach ieve higher power is to use a series of power semiconductor switches with several lowerVoltage dc sources to perform the power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. Capac itors,batteries,and renewable energy voltage sources can be used as the multiple dc volt age sources. The commutation of the power switches aggregate these multiple dc sources in ord er to achieve high voltage at the output;however,the rated voltage of the power semiconduct or switches depends only upon the rating of the dc voltage sources to which they are connected Percentage of THD for R,RL,RLC load taken and simulation results analyse and studied an d comparison made between five level and seven level .
IRJET- Dynamic Voltage Restorer Frame Work to Improve Power Quality of the Di...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed framework for integrating ultracapacitors (UCAP) with a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) to improve power quality on the distribution grid. The DVR compensates for voltage sags and swells by injecting voltage in-phase with the grid. Integrating UCAP provides active power support to handle deeper or longer disturbances without relying solely on the grid. Simulation results show the UCAP-DVR system can maintain constant load voltage during faults by injecting compensating voltage from the UCAP through a bi-directional DC-DC converter and three-phase inverter. This integration improves the DVR's capability to restore voltages during faults on the distribution grid.
Optimal distributed generation in green building assessment towards line loss...journalBEEI
This paper presents an optimization approach for criteria setting of Renewable Distributed Generation (DG) in the Green Building Rating System (GBRS). In this study, the total line loss reduction is analyzed and set as the main objective function in the optimization process which then a reassessment of existing criteria setting for renewable energy (RE) is proposed towards lower loss outcome. Solar photovoltaic (PV)-type DG unit (PV-DG) is identified as the type of DG used in this paper. The proposed PV-DG optimization will improve the sustainable energy performance of the green building by total line losses reduction within accepted lower losses region using Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. The distribution network uses bus and line data setup from selected one of each three levels of Malaysian public hospital. MATLAB simulation result shows that the PV-DG expanding capacity towards optimal scale and location provides a better outcome in minimizing total line losses within an appropriate voltage profile as compared to the current setting of PV-DG imposed in selected GBRS. Thus, reassessment of RE parameter setting and the proposed five rankings with new PV-DG setting for public hospital provides technical justification and give the best option to the green building developer for more
effective RE integration.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Islanded microgrid congestion control by load prioritization and shedding usi...IJECEIAES
The document discusses congestion management in an islanded microgrid supplied by renewable energy sources using an artificial bee colony algorithm. It formulates the congestion management problem as an optimization problem that aims to minimize overloads and power losses by optimally shedding loads based on priority indices. The artificial bee colony algorithm is applied to determine the optimal amount and location of loads to shed. It is tested on a modified IEEE 30-bus distribution system in MATLAB. The results are compared to other algorithms to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach for congestion control in islanded microgrids with intermittent renewable generation.
Optimal Power Flow with Reactive Power Compensation for Cost And Loss Minimiz...ijeei-iaes
One of the concerns of power system planners is the problem of optimum cost of generation as well as loss minimization on the grid system. This issue can be addressed in a number of ways; one of such ways is the use of reactive power support (shunt capacitor compensation). This paper used the method of shunt capacitor placement for cost and transmission loss minimization on Nigerian power grid system which is a 24-bus, 330kV network interconnecting four thermal generating stations (Sapele, Delta, Afam and Egbin) and three hydro stations to various load points. Simulation in MATLAB was performed on the Nigerian 330kV transmission grid system. The technique employed was based on the optimal power flow formulations using Newton-Raphson iterative method for the load flow analysis of the grid system. The results show that when shunt capacitor was employed as the inequality constraints on the power system, there is a reduction in the total cost of generation accompanied with reduction in the total system losses with a significant improvement in the system voltage profile
Optimal Placement and Sizing of Capacitor and Distributed Generator in Radial...IJMTST Journal
This document summarizes research on optimally placing and sizing capacitors and distributed generators in radial distribution systems to minimize losses. Key points:
1) Radial distribution systems are analyzed using a network-topology-based load flow method due to high R/X ratios.
2) A direct search algorithm is used to determine the optimal capacitor sizes, locations, and distributed generator sizes and locations to minimize losses.
3) Case studies on 15-bus, 33-bus, and 69-bus test systems demonstrate the algorithm can reduce losses by over 90% compared to base cases by optimally placing capacitors and distributed generators.
Optimal placement and sizing of ht shunt capacitors for transmission loss min...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology that proposes a method for optimal placement and sizing of shunt capacitors in the RRVPNL Power Grid transmission network in India. The objectives are to minimize transmission losses and improve the voltage profile in a cost-effective manner. The method formulates the problem using an objective function that considers active power loss reduction and voltage deviation minimization. Power flow is solved iteratively using MATLAB to determine the optimal capacitor locations and sizes that meet the objectives while satisfying voltage constraints. Simulation results found the proposed method effectively restructures capacitor placement in the grid to optimize utilization of capacitors for loss reduction and voltage stability enhancement.
Reliability Indices Evaluation of a Real Time Rural Radial Distribution FeederIOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that evaluates reliability indices for a real-time rural radial distribution feeder in India. The study calculates reliability before and after adding protective devices (isolators) to the feeder. It first inserts capacitors at weak voltage nodes to improve voltage profiles and reduce losses. Reliability indices are then determined for the existing feeder and after isolators are placed. Load diversity factor is used to analyze real-time load data. The methodology develops matrices to model relationships between bus currents, branch currents, and voltages to solve the load flow using a particle swarm optimization technique. Results are presented for an 11kV rural feeder case study in India.
IRJET- Voltage Stability, Loadability and Contingency Analysis with Optimal I...IRJET Journal
This document discusses contingency analysis and optimal placement of renewable distributed generators (RDGs) using continuation power flow analysis to improve voltage stability and loadability. It presents a methodology to determine the optimal location and mix of different RDG technologies (solar, wind, fuel cells) on the IEEE 9-bus test system using the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT). Reactive power performance indices are calculated for different line contingencies to identify critical buses. The results show that optimally placing RDGs can enhance voltage stability and increase the maximum loadability point compared to the base case without RDGs.
IRJET- Transmission Line Congestion Management using Hybrid Fish-Bee Algorith...IRJET Journal
This document discusses transmission line congestion management using a hybrid Fish-Bee algorithm with Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC). It begins with an abstract that introduces the problem of transmission line overloading or congestion in deregulated power systems. It then provides background on congestion management approaches and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) devices like IPFC that can increase line capacity. The document proposes using a hybrid Fish-Bee algorithm to identify the most congested line and optimal location to place an IPFC to relieve congestion by increasing power transfer capacity while minimizing voltage deviations. Simulation results on the IEEE 30 bus system show the proposed approach increases existing line capacity more than other algorithms using UPFC or IPFC for
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm to optimize reactive power reserve management in power systems. The IPSO algorithm is applied to minimize total reactive power generation from sources like generators and SVCs by adjusting control variables like generator voltages, transformer taps, and SVC settings. Testing on the IEEE 30-bus system shows the IPSO approach reduces reactive power generation and losses compared to the basic PSO algorithm. The IPSO approach also maintains bus voltages within acceptable ranges while optimizing reactive power reserves.
Two-way Load Flow Analysis using Newton-Raphson and Neural Network MethodsIRJET Journal
The document presents a study comparing two-way load flow analysis using the Newton-Raphson method and a neural network method for networked microgrids. The optimal power flow problem is solved using both a conventional Newton-Raphson method and an artificial intelligence neural network method. Results show that the neural network method achieves minimum losses and higher efficiency compared to the Newton-Raphson method, with efficiencies of 99.3% and 97% respectively for the test networked microgrid system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Distribution System Planning using Network Reconfiguration for Loss R...IRJET Journal
This document discusses distribution system planning using network reconfiguration to reduce losses. It begins with an abstract that describes investigating the effect of network reconfiguration on power losses in distribution systems. The objective is to improve power quality by restructuring the distribution network using branch exchange techniques.
It then reviews several papers related to network reconfiguration techniques for loss reduction. Different methods are described, including branch exchange, reconductoring, transformer locating and sizing, reactive power compensation, and high voltage distribution systems. Network reconfiguration involves operating switches to modify the network topology to reduce losses while maintaining constraints.
The document then discusses losses in distribution systems and various loss reduction techniques in more detail. These include network reconfiguration, reconductoring,
Optimal Allocation of Capacitor Bank in Radial Distribution System using Anal...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a novel analytical technique is proposed for optimal allocation of shunt capacitor bank in radial distribution system. An objective function is formulated to determine the optimal size, number and location of capacitor bank for real & reactive power loss reduction, voltage profile enhancement and annual cost saving. A new constant, Power Voltage Sensitivity Constant (PVSC), has been proposed here. The value of PVSC constant decides the candidate bus location and size. The achievability of the proposed method has been demonstrated on IEEE-69 bus and real distribution system of Jamawaramgarh, Jaipur city. The obtained results are compared with latest optimization techniques to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed technique.
Optimal Placement of D-STATCOM Using Hybrid Genetic and Ant Colony Algorithm ...IJAPEJOURNAL
In this work, a modern algorithm by hybrid genetic algorithm and ant colony algorithm is designed to placement and then simulated to determine the amount of reactive power by D-STATCOM. Also this method will be able to minimize the power system losses that contain power loss in transmission lines. Furthermore, in this design a IEEE 30-bus model depicted and three D-STATCOM are located in this system according to Economic Considerations. The optimal placement of each D-STATCOM is computed by the ant colony algorithm. In order to optimize placement for each D-STATCOM, two groups of ant are selected, which respectively located in near nest and far from the nest. Moreover, for every output simulation of D-STATCOM that is used to produce or absorb of reactive power, a genetic algorithm to minimizing the total network losses is applied. Finally, the result of this simulation shows net losses reduction about 150% that it verifies the new algorithm performance.
Optimal Location of FACTS Device for Power System Security Improvement using ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes using a hybrid genetic algorithm-ant colony optimization (GA-ACO) approach to determine the optimal location and capacity of a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) to improve power system security and voltage stability. The GA-ACO is applied to a 30-bus test system to identify the optimal placement of STATCOM devices. The results show that installing STATCOMs at buses 26 and 29 enhances system voltages and security compared to the base case without STATCOMs. Simulations under varying load conditions from 60% to 90% demonstrate that the identified optimal STATCOM locations and capacities change to continue improving voltages. The hybrid GA-ACO approach effectively determines STATCOM settings to enhance power system performance and security.
IRJET- Performance Improvement of the Distribution Systems using Meta-Heu...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using a Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to optimize the control of photovoltaic (PV) systems connected to distribution networks in Egypt. The high penetration of PV systems can cause voltage issues in distribution grids. The paper aims to enhance distribution network performance by optimally designing a proportional-integral controller for PV inverters using WOA. WOA is inspired by the hunting behavior of humpback whales and is applied to minimize voltage deviations across the network. The effectiveness of the WOA-designed controller is evaluated through simulations and compared to controllers designed using genetic algorithms.
IRJET- Optimal Power Flow Solution of Transmission Line Network of Electric p...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a genetic algorithm to solve the optimal power flow problem in large power transmission networks. The optimal power flow problem aims to minimize generation costs while meeting operational constraints. A genetic algorithm is proposed to solve this problem globally and efficiently. The controllable variables are divided into dynamic constraints directly impacting cost and static constraints maintained within limits by the load flow. The algorithm is tested on the IEEE 30-bus system and shown to effectively find the optimal solution. Genetic algorithms are well-suited for this problem as they can evaluate multiple solutions in parallel without requiring derivative information like traditional methods.
Economic Load Dispatch for Multi-Generator Systems with Units Having Nonlinea...IJAPEJOURNAL
This document presents an economic load dispatch problem that uses the Gravity Search Algorithm to minimize total generation costs for multi-generator power systems. It discusses how practical constraints like valve point loading, multi-fuel operation, and forbidden zones result in non-ideal, non-continuous generator cost curves. The Gravity Search Algorithm is applied to find the optimal dispatch schedule that accounts for these realistic cost functions and minimizes the total cost of generation while satisfying demand. The algorithm is tested on sample power systems and able to find solutions within acceptable timeframes that outperform traditional optimization methods for large, complex problems.
Reconfiguration and Capacitor Placement in Najaf Distribution Networks Sector...IRJET Journal
This document discusses reconfiguring distribution networks and optimally placing capacitors in Najaf, Iraq's distribution systems to improve performance. It provides background on distribution system design using software like CYM_Dist to minimize losses through reconfiguration and reactive power support. The document outlines the proposed methodology, which includes load allocation, network reconfiguration to reduce losses while respecting constraints, and identifying optimal capacitor placement and sizing. It reviews relevant literature on techniques like sensitivity analysis and heuristic optimization for reconfiguration and capacitor placement. The methodology is then applied to the 11kV Al Jamiea distribution system in Najaf as a case study.
Study on Loss Allocation of Power Distribution Network with Distributed Gener...ijtsrd
The introduction of the power distribution network with distributed generation is vast and losses and faults have been occurred so new challenges also been introduced. Loss allocation problem is one of them, it comes during operation of power distribution network with distributed generation. In the distribution of electricity loss allocation also vary and sudden changes will occur, to reduce this type of problem bus radial network will be used according to the distribution and generation of electrical power by loss allocation scheme. In the loss allocation scheme, different types of algorithms and calculation will be used. Udit Kumar | Dr. Himani Goyal ""Study on Loss Allocation of Power Distribution Network with Distributed Generation"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd22958.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/22958/study-on-loss-allocation-of-power-distribution-network-with-distributed-generation/udit-kumar
Quantum behaved artificial bee colony based conventional controller for opti...IJECEIAES
Since a multi area system (MAS) is characterized by momentary overshoot, undershoot and intolerable settling time so, neutral copper conductors are replaced by multilayer zigzag graphene nano ribbon (MLGNR) interconnects that are tremendously advantageous to copper interconnects for the future transmission line conductors necessitated for economic and emission dispatch (EED) of electric supply system giving rise to reduced overshoots and settling time and greenhouse effect as well. The recent work includes combinatorial algorithm involving proportional integral and derivative controller and heuristic swarm optimization; we say it as Hybridparticle swarm optimization (PSO) controller. The modeling of two multi area systems meant for EED is carried out by controlling the conventional proportional integral and derivative (PID) controller regulated and monitored by quantum behaved artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization based PID (QABCOPID) controller in MATLAB/Simulink platform. After the modelling and simulation of QABCOPID controller it is realized that QABCOPID is better as compared to multi span double display (MM), neural network based PID (NNPID), multi objective constriction PSO (MOCPSO) and multi objective PSO (MOPSO). The real power generation fixed by QABCOPID controller is used to estimate the combined cost and emission objectives yielding optimal solution, minimum losses and maximum efficiency of transmission line.
IRJET- Mitigation of Current and Voltage Harmonics using MAF based UPQCIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for mitigating current and voltage harmonics using a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) with a moving average filter (MAF)-based control strategy. The UPQC consists of series and shunt compensators to regulate voltage and current, respectively. A photovoltaic array is connected between the compensators and provides power to the system. Simulation results show the system can effectively reduce the total harmonic distortion of both the supply voltage and current, improving power quality delivered to loads despite nonlinearities. The MAF control technique offers optimal harmonic attenuation without reducing controller bandwidth compared to other filtering methods.
An Ultra-Low Power Robust Koggestone Adder at Sub-Threshold Voltages for Impl...VLSICS Design
The growing demand for energy constrained applications and portable devices have created a dire need for ultra-low power circuits. Implantable biomedical devices such as pacemakers need ultra-low power circuits for a better battery life for uninterrupted biomedical data processing. Circuits operating in subthreshold region minimize the energy per operation, thus providing a better platform for energy constrained implantable biomedical devices. This paper presents 8, 16 and 32-bit ultra-low power robust Kogge-Stone adders with improved performance. These adders operate at subthreshold supply voltages which can be used for low power implantable bio-medical devices such as pacemakers. To improve the performance of these adders in sub-threshold region, forward body bias technique and multi-threshold transistors are used. The adders are designed using NCSU 45nm bulk CMOS process library and the simulations were performed using HSPICE circuit simulator. Quantitative power-performance analysis is performed at slow-slow (SS), typical-typical (TT) and fast-fast (FF) corners clocked at 50 KHz for temperature ranging from 25̊C to 120̊C. For a supply voltage 0.3V, all the adders had the least PDP. Using 0.3V as the supply voltage, multi threshold voltage and forward body biasing techniques were applied to
further improve the performance of the adders. The PDP obtained using the forward body biasing technique shows an effective improvement compared to high threshold voltage and multi threshold voltage techniques. The forward biasing technique maintains a balance between delay reduction and increase in average power, thus reducing the power delay product when compared to the other two techniques.
AN ULTRA-LOW POWER ROBUST KOGGESTONE ADDER AT SUB-THRESHOLD VOLTAGES FOR IMPL...VLSICS Design
The growing demand for energy constrained applications and portable devices have created a dire need for
ultra-low power circuits. Implantable biomedical devices such as pacemakers need ultra-low power
circuits for a better battery life for uninterrupted biomedical data processing. Circuits operating in subthreshold
region minimize the energy per operation, thus providing a better platform for energy
constrained implantable biomedical devices. This paper presents 8, 16 and 32-bit ultra-low power robust
Kogge-Stone adders with improved performance. These adders operate at subthreshold supply voltages
which can be used for low power implantable bio-medical devices such as pacemakers. To improve the
performance of these adders in sub-threshold region, forward body bias technique and multi-threshold
transistors are used. The adders are designed using NCSU 45nm bulk CMOS process library and the
simulations were performed using HSPICE circuit simulator. Quantitative power-performance analysis is
performed at slow-slow (SS), typical-typical (TT) and fast-fast (FF) corners clocked at 50 KHz for
temperature ranging from 25̊C to 120̊C. For a supply voltage 0.3V, all the adders had the least PDP. Using
0.3V as the supply voltage, multi threshold voltage and forward body biasing techniques were applied to
further improve the performance of the adders. The PDP obtained using the forward body biasing
technique shows an effective improvement compared to high threshold voltage and multi threshold voltage
techniques. The forward biasing technique maintains a balance between delay reduction and increase in
average power, thus reducing the power delay product when compared to the other two techniques.
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2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
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A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
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Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
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This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
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The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
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This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.