This paper presents the simulation analysis of sev en level cascaded grid connected inverter and also compared with five level inverter for %THD for voltage and current by using level shifted PWM techniques. The proposed system are modeled and simulated through computer software tool using MATLAB /SIMULINK. This paper also presen ts the design and development of the seven level cascaded grid connected inverter.The LC filter is also use in the output side to further reduce the THD values.Seven level inverter is utili se as a power converter to inject power generated from pv source to the grid.Multilevel inv erters have been mainly used in medium- or high-power system applications,such as static reac tive power compensation and adjustable-speed drives. In these applications,due to the limitatio ns of the currently available power semiconductor technology.The term multilevel began with the three-level converter. Subsequently,several multilevel converter topologi es have been developed. However,the elementary concept of a multilevel converter to ach ieve higher power is to use a series of power semiconductor switches with several lowerVoltage dc sources to perform the power conversion by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. Capac itors,batteries,and renewable energy voltage sources can be used as the multiple dc volt age sources. The commutation of the power switches aggregate these multiple dc sources in ord er to achieve high voltage at the output;however,the rated voltage of the power semiconduct or switches depends only upon the rating of the dc voltage sources to which they are connected Percentage of THD for R,RL,RLC load taken and simulation results analyse and studied an d comparison made between five level and seven level .
Design and Simulation of MPPT Algorithm for Three Phase Induction Motor Solar...ijtsrd
In this paper a three phase induction motor controller for a photovoltaic powered water pump without the use of chemical storage element is presented. The use of a three-phase induction motor is a better solution to the dc motor water pumping system. This system is use to achieve a more efficient, reliable, maintenance-free, and cheaper solution than that use dc motors or low-voltage synchronous motors. The developed system is based on a non inverting buck“boost converter and a full-bridge three-phase inverter. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm has been developed and implemented to maximize the use of solar power generated at any given instant. By using MATLAB/ Simulink model is implemented. The system is expected to have a high lifetime due to the inexistence of storage element. As a result, the system is a economical solution to deliver water to household, industrial and agricultural activities which require water supply. Swati Killedar | Dr. S. N. Patil | Prof. A. P. Kinge"Design and Simulation of MPPT Algorithm for Three Phase Induction Motor Solar Water Pump" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9682.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/9682/design-and-simulation-of-mppt-algorithm-for-three-phase-induction-motor-solar-water-pump/swati-killedar
Power system Projects, Power electronics projects, Control system projects,
MSR PROJECTS ( Now as a MSR EDUSOFT PVT LTD),
#503,Annapurna Block, beside mytrivanam, Adhithya Enclave, Ameerpet, HYD-38.
E-mail: msrprojectshyd@gmail.com,
Web: www.msrprojectshyd.com , facebook.com/msrprojects ,
Ring on: 040 66334142, +91 9581464142.
Branches: Hyderabad ( Ameerpet | Dilsuknagar) | Kurnool
Grid Integration of Large PV Power Systems Using HVDC LinkIJERA Editor
This paper explores the interconnection of large scale Photo-Voltaic (PV) systems to the grid though a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) link. HVDC link is recently utilized for transmission lines longer than 50 km. It is usually utilized to interconnect two asynchronous grids with the same or different frequencies while avoiding stability disturbances greatly. A suitable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques is employed to control the performance of the integrated PV system. The system of the HVDC link has two 12-pulse converter using thyristor-bridges. The delay and the extinction angles at the rectifier and the inverter units control the flow and the quantity of the transmitted power from the PV system into the grid. Fixed capacitors and filters are used to provide the AC side with the required reactive power and reduce the harmonic contents. For evaluation purposes, different simulation investigations are carried out with a detailed modeling using the MATLAB. These tests corroborate the efficacy of HVDC link for integrating large PV systems to electrical grids
A DC-DC Converter with Ripple Current Cancellation Based On Duty Cycle SelectionIJMER
In this paper a boost dc-dc converter is proposed based on the concept of ripple current cancellation. This proposed system has the novel capability of cancelling the input current ripple at an arbitrarily preselected duty cycle. This is accomplished without increasing the count of the number of components in contrast to other solutions available in the conventional system. In addition to this, the converter also features a high voltage gain without utilizing extreme values of duty cycle or boosting transformers. These features make the converter ideal to process electric power coming from low-voltage power-generating sources, such as renewables. This system also provides details on the principle of operation via topological considerations and a mathematical model. The key factor of reactive component sizing is also discussed in detail. The proposed boost dc-dc converter is evaluated by simulating in MATLAB/Simulink software.
Design and Simulation of MPPT Algorithm for Three Phase Induction Motor Solar...ijtsrd
In this paper a three phase induction motor controller for a photovoltaic powered water pump without the use of chemical storage element is presented. The use of a three-phase induction motor is a better solution to the dc motor water pumping system. This system is use to achieve a more efficient, reliable, maintenance-free, and cheaper solution than that use dc motors or low-voltage synchronous motors. The developed system is based on a non inverting buck“boost converter and a full-bridge three-phase inverter. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm has been developed and implemented to maximize the use of solar power generated at any given instant. By using MATLAB/ Simulink model is implemented. The system is expected to have a high lifetime due to the inexistence of storage element. As a result, the system is a economical solution to deliver water to household, industrial and agricultural activities which require water supply. Swati Killedar | Dr. S. N. Patil | Prof. A. P. Kinge"Design and Simulation of MPPT Algorithm for Three Phase Induction Motor Solar Water Pump" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd9682.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/9682/design-and-simulation-of-mppt-algorithm-for-three-phase-induction-motor-solar-water-pump/swati-killedar
Power system Projects, Power electronics projects, Control system projects,
MSR PROJECTS ( Now as a MSR EDUSOFT PVT LTD),
#503,Annapurna Block, beside mytrivanam, Adhithya Enclave, Ameerpet, HYD-38.
E-mail: msrprojectshyd@gmail.com,
Web: www.msrprojectshyd.com , facebook.com/msrprojects ,
Ring on: 040 66334142, +91 9581464142.
Branches: Hyderabad ( Ameerpet | Dilsuknagar) | Kurnool
Grid Integration of Large PV Power Systems Using HVDC LinkIJERA Editor
This paper explores the interconnection of large scale Photo-Voltaic (PV) systems to the grid though a High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) link. HVDC link is recently utilized for transmission lines longer than 50 km. It is usually utilized to interconnect two asynchronous grids with the same or different frequencies while avoiding stability disturbances greatly. A suitable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques is employed to control the performance of the integrated PV system. The system of the HVDC link has two 12-pulse converter using thyristor-bridges. The delay and the extinction angles at the rectifier and the inverter units control the flow and the quantity of the transmitted power from the PV system into the grid. Fixed capacitors and filters are used to provide the AC side with the required reactive power and reduce the harmonic contents. For evaluation purposes, different simulation investigations are carried out with a detailed modeling using the MATLAB. These tests corroborate the efficacy of HVDC link for integrating large PV systems to electrical grids
A DC-DC Converter with Ripple Current Cancellation Based On Duty Cycle SelectionIJMER
In this paper a boost dc-dc converter is proposed based on the concept of ripple current cancellation. This proposed system has the novel capability of cancelling the input current ripple at an arbitrarily preselected duty cycle. This is accomplished without increasing the count of the number of components in contrast to other solutions available in the conventional system. In addition to this, the converter also features a high voltage gain without utilizing extreme values of duty cycle or boosting transformers. These features make the converter ideal to process electric power coming from low-voltage power-generating sources, such as renewables. This system also provides details on the principle of operation via topological considerations and a mathematical model. The key factor of reactive component sizing is also discussed in detail. The proposed boost dc-dc converter is evaluated by simulating in MATLAB/Simulink software.
Harmonic Analysis of Seven and Nine Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter using M...IAES-IJPEDS
The use of multilevel inverters has become popular in recent years for high- power applications. Multilevel Inverters are power converter systems composed by an array of power semiconductor sources that when properly connected and controlled can generate a multistep voltage waveform with variable and controllable frequency, phase and amplitude. This study deals with the comparison of a 7-level inverter with a 9-level inverter system; the voltage source inverters (VSI) are modelled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink and the results are presented. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of computational efficiency as well as the capability of the inverter to produce very low distorted voltage with low-switching losses. This research aims to extend the knowledge about the performance of different clamped multilevel inverter through harmonic analysis. Simulations results validate up to the mark performance of the mentioned topologies.
Performance enhancement of DC/DC converters for solar powered EV IJECEIAES
The paper initially presents the essential drive arrangement required for electric vehicle. It requests high power bidirectional stream ability, with wide info voltage range, and yield voltage of vitality stockpiling gadgets, for example, super capacitors or batteries shift with the adjustment in stack. At that point the tenacity and outline of previously mentioned converter is proposed in this paper. The converter which relates a half extension topology, has high power stream ability and least gadget focuses on that can appropriately interface a super capacitor with the drive prepare of a crossover electric vehicle. Besides, by contrasting the fundamental qualities and applications with some ordinary bidirectional DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has low gadget rating and can be controlled by obligation cycle and stage move. Finally, the most essential attributes of this converter is that it utilizes the transformer spillage inductance as the essential vitality exchange component and control parameters, Simulation waveforms in light of MATLAB recreation are given to exhibit the integrity of this novel topology, and this converter is additionally reasonable for high power application, specifically to control the charge-release of super capacitors or batteries that can be utilized as a part of cross breed solar based electric vehicle.
In this paper, a new method of integration between PV inverter system with utility grid for electric vehicle charging station based on the extended boost quasi-Z-source (q-ZSI) topology is proposed. The proposed system realizes a bidirectional power flow management between PV sources, energy storage unit and the utility grid. The extended boost q-ZSI is a most efficient topology that provides a single stage conversion for PV systems by providing low ratings for components, reduced number of components used, high input voltage gain, increased voltage boost property , reduced voltage stress across switches and simple control strategies .Its unique capability in single stage conversion with improved voltage gain is used for voltage buck and boost function. A simulation model of the grid connected q-ZSI for electric vehicle charging station has been built in MATLAB/ SIMULINK. The hardware setup was developed and the results are validated.
Line and Grid Impedance Impact on the Performances of a Parallel Connected Mo...IAES-IJPEDS
With the rising fuel cost, increasing demand of power and the concerns for global climate change, the use of clean energy make the connection of power electronics building bloc in the heart of the current research. The high output current applications make the parallel connection of modular inverters to be a solution for the use of low power building block inverters where the output power cannot be handled by a single inverter configuration. In this context, average-modeling using average phase–leg technique allows the n-parallel connected inverters to be analyzed accurately and rapidly without requiring the complexity of the full switched inverter topology. The obtained analytical solution along with the equivalent circuit model makes easier the design of the control loop. The analytical solution of the n-parallel connected inverters shows the impact of the line and grid impedance on the performance of the overall system. The impact of this coupling has to be investigated such that the main feature of paralleling inverters is guaranteed and that the inverter mode of operation will not be compromised. The main advantage of paralleling inverters can be lost for a certain coupling impedance considerations.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A CONTROL APPROACH FOR GRID INTERFACING INVERTER IN 3 PHASE 4 WIRE DISTRIBUT...IJMER
With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic
Converters/Inverters. Nowadays, 3-phase 4-wire distribution power system has been widely used in
residential and office buildings, manufacturing facilities, schools etc This paper presents a novel
control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from the grid-interfacing inverters when installed in
3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject
power to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or
simultaneously. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink
simulation studies
Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Induction MotorIJMTST Journal
In this paper new topologies and interleaving modulation concepts for multilevel DC-DC boost converter
enabling a significantly less loss and a reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. The
distributed generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in
recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems,
and batteries. Fuel cells are considered to be one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because
of their high efficiency, low environmental impact and scalability. Non-isolated high step-up DC-DC
converters are required in the industrial applications. Many of these conventional DC–DC converters have the
disadvantages of operating at high duty-cycle, high switch voltage stress and high diode peak current. A
three-level step up converter is implemented to boost the fuel cell stack voltage of 96V to 340V. The proposed
converter consists a system of fuel cell based Multilevel DC-DC converter with PI controller is modeled and
simulated by using Matlab/Simulink.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Analysis of multiport dc dc converter in renewable energy sourceseSAT Journals
Abstract Multi-port DC-DC converter has attracted special interest in applications where multiple energy sources are used. In this project, a three-port converter with three active full bridges, two LCC resonant tanks, and a three-winding transformer is proposed. It uses a single power conversion stage with high-frequency link to control power flow between batteries, load, and a renewable source such as solar cell. The converter has capabilities of bidirectional power flow in the battery and the load port. The converter has high efficiency due to soft-switching operation in all three bridges. Design procedure for the three-port converter is explained and experimental results are presented. Index Terms— Bidirectional power, phase-shift control at constant switching frequency, soft-switching operation, three-port converter, LCC resonant converter, three-winding transformer.
Power Quality Improvement with Multilevel Inverter Based IPQC for MicrogridIJMTST Journal
A micro grid is a hybrid power system consists of several distributed resources and local loads .Now a
days with increasing on a day to day life micro grid plays a vital role in power generation using Renewable
Energy Sources. Usage of power electronic devices in a micro grid results in harmonic generation and leads to
various power quality issues. Inorder to overcome voltage fluctuations and over current a magnetic flux
control based variable reactor is proposed. The performance of IPQC can be verified by using
MATLAB/SIMULINK`
A non-isolated tri-port converter is a fully compact and functional system by the integration of basic converters. This can be used for renewable energy applications. This converter is capable of achieving different switching patterns of power flow between the source and load, interfaced sources of various voltage and current levels with the dc grid. This tri-port converter has to be used for continuous power distribution of rechargeable battery, photovoltaic panels and load. Due to the implementation of this dc-dc converter some operations like buck, boost and buck-boost operations became easy. Use of this converter helps in easy implementation of the system. The solar PV panel implementation boosts the system to a high level and bidirectional flow became easy from source to load and vice versa.
Photovoltaic Connected Cascaded H bridge Multilevel Inverters with Improved H...ijtsrd
Multilevel inverters act as a promising solution for medium voltage, high power applications due to their modularity and reduced voltage stress across the switches. Cascaded H Bridge Multilevel Inverters CHB MLI are being considered as the best choice for grid connected Photovoltaic PV systems since they require several sources on the DC side. By means of MLI's, high quality output with less harmonic distortion is obtained compared to a two level inverter. In this work, a comparative analysis of CH MLI's is presented. Control scheme based on Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation SPWM is adopted due to its ease of implementation. More number of levels results in reduced THD and nearly sinusoidal output. Simulation is performed using MATLAB Simulink. Anamika | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Photovoltaic Connected Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverters with Improved Harmonic Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59848.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/59848/photovoltaic-connected-cascaded-hbridge-multilevel-inverters-with-improved-harmonic-performance/anamika
Implementation of a Voltage Multiplier based on High Step-up Converter using FLCIJMTST Journal
A Front end of the Photovoltaic Solar Panel is been proposed based on Step-Up Converter. The use of
distributed energy resources is increasingly being pursued as a supplement and an alternative to large
conventional central power stations. The specification of a power electronic interface is subject to
requirements related not only to the renewable energy source itself but also to its effects on the power-system
operation, especially where the intermittent energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system
capacity. Implementing a voltage multiplier module, an asymmetrical interleaved high step-up converter
obtains high step-up gain without operating at an extreme duty ratio. The voltage multiplier module is
composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors. An extra conventional boost converter is
integrated into the first phase to achieve a considerably higher voltage conversion ratio. The two-phase
configuration not only reduces the current stress through each power switch, but also constrains the input
current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors.
In addition, the proposed converter functions as an active clamp circuit, which alleviates large voltage spikes
across the power switches. Finally, the simulation circuitry with a 40V input voltage and 230V output voltage
is operated to verify its performance analysis with respect to the Fuzzy Logic Controller. The highest
efficiency is 97.75%.
Harmonic Analysis of Seven and Nine Level Cascade Multilevel Inverter using M...IAES-IJPEDS
The use of multilevel inverters has become popular in recent years for high- power applications. Multilevel Inverters are power converter systems composed by an array of power semiconductor sources that when properly connected and controlled can generate a multistep voltage waveform with variable and controllable frequency, phase and amplitude. This study deals with the comparison of a 7-level inverter with a 9-level inverter system; the voltage source inverters (VSI) are modelled and simulated using MATLAB Simulink and the results are presented. The test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in terms of computational efficiency as well as the capability of the inverter to produce very low distorted voltage with low-switching losses. This research aims to extend the knowledge about the performance of different clamped multilevel inverter through harmonic analysis. Simulations results validate up to the mark performance of the mentioned topologies.
Performance enhancement of DC/DC converters for solar powered EV IJECEIAES
The paper initially presents the essential drive arrangement required for electric vehicle. It requests high power bidirectional stream ability, with wide info voltage range, and yield voltage of vitality stockpiling gadgets, for example, super capacitors or batteries shift with the adjustment in stack. At that point the tenacity and outline of previously mentioned converter is proposed in this paper. The converter which relates a half extension topology, has high power stream ability and least gadget focuses on that can appropriately interface a super capacitor with the drive prepare of a crossover electric vehicle. Besides, by contrasting the fundamental qualities and applications with some ordinary bidirectional DC/DC converter, the proposed converter has low gadget rating and can be controlled by obligation cycle and stage move. Finally, the most essential attributes of this converter is that it utilizes the transformer spillage inductance as the essential vitality exchange component and control parameters, Simulation waveforms in light of MATLAB recreation are given to exhibit the integrity of this novel topology, and this converter is additionally reasonable for high power application, specifically to control the charge-release of super capacitors or batteries that can be utilized as a part of cross breed solar based electric vehicle.
In this paper, a new method of integration between PV inverter system with utility grid for electric vehicle charging station based on the extended boost quasi-Z-source (q-ZSI) topology is proposed. The proposed system realizes a bidirectional power flow management between PV sources, energy storage unit and the utility grid. The extended boost q-ZSI is a most efficient topology that provides a single stage conversion for PV systems by providing low ratings for components, reduced number of components used, high input voltage gain, increased voltage boost property , reduced voltage stress across switches and simple control strategies .Its unique capability in single stage conversion with improved voltage gain is used for voltage buck and boost function. A simulation model of the grid connected q-ZSI for electric vehicle charging station has been built in MATLAB/ SIMULINK. The hardware setup was developed and the results are validated.
Line and Grid Impedance Impact on the Performances of a Parallel Connected Mo...IAES-IJPEDS
With the rising fuel cost, increasing demand of power and the concerns for global climate change, the use of clean energy make the connection of power electronics building bloc in the heart of the current research. The high output current applications make the parallel connection of modular inverters to be a solution for the use of low power building block inverters where the output power cannot be handled by a single inverter configuration. In this context, average-modeling using average phase–leg technique allows the n-parallel connected inverters to be analyzed accurately and rapidly without requiring the complexity of the full switched inverter topology. The obtained analytical solution along with the equivalent circuit model makes easier the design of the control loop. The analytical solution of the n-parallel connected inverters shows the impact of the line and grid impedance on the performance of the overall system. The impact of this coupling has to be investigated such that the main feature of paralleling inverters is guaranteed and that the inverter mode of operation will not be compromised. The main advantage of paralleling inverters can be lost for a certain coupling impedance considerations.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A CONTROL APPROACH FOR GRID INTERFACING INVERTER IN 3 PHASE 4 WIRE DISTRIBUT...IJMER
With the increase in load demand, the Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are
increasingly connected in the distribution systems which utilizes power electronic
Converters/Inverters. Nowadays, 3-phase 4-wire distribution power system has been widely used in
residential and office buildings, manufacturing facilities, schools etc This paper presents a novel
control strategy for achieving maximum benefits from the grid-interfacing inverters when installed in
3-phase 4-wire distribution systems. The inverter can thus be utilized as: 1) power converter to inject
power to the grid, and 2) shunt APF to compensate current unbalance, load current harmonics and
load neutral current. All of these functions may be accomplished either individually or
simultaneously. This new control concept is demonstrated with extensive MATLAB/Simulink
simulation studies
Analysis of Fuel Cell Based Multilevel DC-DC Boost Converter for Induction MotorIJMTST Journal
In this paper new topologies and interleaving modulation concepts for multilevel DC-DC boost converter
enabling a significantly less loss and a reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. The
distributed generation (DG) systems based on the renewable energy sources have rapidly developed in
recent years. These DG systems are powered by micro sources such as fuel cells, photovoltaic (PV) systems,
and batteries. Fuel cells are considered to be one of the most promising sources of distributed energy because
of their high efficiency, low environmental impact and scalability. Non-isolated high step-up DC-DC
converters are required in the industrial applications. Many of these conventional DC–DC converters have the
disadvantages of operating at high duty-cycle, high switch voltage stress and high diode peak current. A
three-level step up converter is implemented to boost the fuel cell stack voltage of 96V to 340V. The proposed
converter consists a system of fuel cell based Multilevel DC-DC converter with PI controller is modeled and
simulated by using Matlab/Simulink.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Analysis of multiport dc dc converter in renewable energy sourceseSAT Journals
Abstract Multi-port DC-DC converter has attracted special interest in applications where multiple energy sources are used. In this project, a three-port converter with three active full bridges, two LCC resonant tanks, and a three-winding transformer is proposed. It uses a single power conversion stage with high-frequency link to control power flow between batteries, load, and a renewable source such as solar cell. The converter has capabilities of bidirectional power flow in the battery and the load port. The converter has high efficiency due to soft-switching operation in all three bridges. Design procedure for the three-port converter is explained and experimental results are presented. Index Terms— Bidirectional power, phase-shift control at constant switching frequency, soft-switching operation, three-port converter, LCC resonant converter, three-winding transformer.
Power Quality Improvement with Multilevel Inverter Based IPQC for MicrogridIJMTST Journal
A micro grid is a hybrid power system consists of several distributed resources and local loads .Now a
days with increasing on a day to day life micro grid plays a vital role in power generation using Renewable
Energy Sources. Usage of power electronic devices in a micro grid results in harmonic generation and leads to
various power quality issues. Inorder to overcome voltage fluctuations and over current a magnetic flux
control based variable reactor is proposed. The performance of IPQC can be verified by using
MATLAB/SIMULINK`
A non-isolated tri-port converter is a fully compact and functional system by the integration of basic converters. This can be used for renewable energy applications. This converter is capable of achieving different switching patterns of power flow between the source and load, interfaced sources of various voltage and current levels with the dc grid. This tri-port converter has to be used for continuous power distribution of rechargeable battery, photovoltaic panels and load. Due to the implementation of this dc-dc converter some operations like buck, boost and buck-boost operations became easy. Use of this converter helps in easy implementation of the system. The solar PV panel implementation boosts the system to a high level and bidirectional flow became easy from source to load and vice versa.
Photovoltaic Connected Cascaded H bridge Multilevel Inverters with Improved H...ijtsrd
Multilevel inverters act as a promising solution for medium voltage, high power applications due to their modularity and reduced voltage stress across the switches. Cascaded H Bridge Multilevel Inverters CHB MLI are being considered as the best choice for grid connected Photovoltaic PV systems since they require several sources on the DC side. By means of MLI's, high quality output with less harmonic distortion is obtained compared to a two level inverter. In this work, a comparative analysis of CH MLI's is presented. Control scheme based on Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation SPWM is adopted due to its ease of implementation. More number of levels results in reduced THD and nearly sinusoidal output. Simulation is performed using MATLAB Simulink. Anamika | Pramod Kumar Rathore "Photovoltaic Connected Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverters with Improved Harmonic Performance" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59848.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/59848/photovoltaic-connected-cascaded-hbridge-multilevel-inverters-with-improved-harmonic-performance/anamika
Implementation of a Voltage Multiplier based on High Step-up Converter using FLCIJMTST Journal
A Front end of the Photovoltaic Solar Panel is been proposed based on Step-Up Converter. The use of
distributed energy resources is increasingly being pursued as a supplement and an alternative to large
conventional central power stations. The specification of a power electronic interface is subject to
requirements related not only to the renewable energy source itself but also to its effects on the power-system
operation, especially where the intermittent energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system
capacity. Implementing a voltage multiplier module, an asymmetrical interleaved high step-up converter
obtains high step-up gain without operating at an extreme duty ratio. The voltage multiplier module is
composed of a conventional boost converter and coupled inductors. An extra conventional boost converter is
integrated into the first phase to achieve a considerably higher voltage conversion ratio. The two-phase
configuration not only reduces the current stress through each power switch, but also constrains the input
current ripple, which decreases the conduction losses of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors.
In addition, the proposed converter functions as an active clamp circuit, which alleviates large voltage spikes
across the power switches. Finally, the simulation circuitry with a 40V input voltage and 230V output voltage
is operated to verify its performance analysis with respect to the Fuzzy Logic Controller. The highest
efficiency is 97.75%.
A Three Phase Multi Level Converter for grid Connected PV SystemIAES-IJPEDS
Photovoltaic energy is a wide kind of green energy. A high performance on these systems is needed to make the most of energy produced by solar cells. Also, there must be a constant adaptation due to the continuous variation of power production. Control techniques for Power Converters like the MPPT algorithm (Maximum Power Point Tracking) present very good results on photovoltaic chains. Nevertheless, losses on power elements reduce global performance and the voltage/current adaptation is not always possible. This paper presents a single-phase 11-level (5 H-bridges) cascade multilevel DC- AC grid-tied inverter. Each inverter bridge is connected to a 200 W solar panel. OPAL-RT lab was used as the hardware in the loop (HIL) real-time control system platform where a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm was implemented based on the inverter output power to assure optimal operation of the inverter when connected to the power grid as well as a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) for phase and frequency match. A novel SPWM scheme is proposed in this paper to be used with the solar panels that can account for voltage profile fluctuations among the panels during the day. Simulation and experimental results are shown for voltage and current during synchronization mode and power transferring mode to validate the methodology for grid connection of renewable resources.
This paper deals with controlling a grid-connected dual-active bridge multilevel inverter for renewable energy integration. The concept of direct power control is integrated with model predictive control algorithm, which is termed as predictive direct power control, to control the real and reactive power injected into the power grid. The proposed multilevel inverter allows more options of feasible voltage vectors for switching vector selections in order to generate multilevel outputs, and thereby obtaining high power quality in the power grid. By using the predictive direct power control, simulation results show that the proposed multilevel inverter produces lower power ripple and manage to achieve currents with low total harmonic distortion which are well within the IEEE standard. The modeling and simulation of the system are implemented and validated by MATLAB Simulink software.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
this inverter reduces
number power devices and high performances.
Before this inverter provide a high step up DC-DC
converter with PI controller for better conversion
efficiency and to improve the output dc voltage of
varies renewable energy sources. This multi-string
multilevel inverter consists of six switches only
instead of eight switches in cascaded H-bridge
multilevel inverter in order to reduce conversion
losses. The main objective of this paper is to save
cost and size by removing any kind of transformer
as well as reducing the power devices
This project aims at using (PD-MCPWM) Phase
disposition multi carrier pulse width modulation technique to
reduce leakage current in a transformerless cascaded multilevel
inverter for PV systems. Advantages of transformerless PV
inverter topology is as follows, simple structure, low weight and
provides higher efficiency , but however this topology provides a
path for the leakage current to flow through the parasitic
capacitance formed between the PV module and the ground.
Modulation technique reduces leakage current with an added
advantage without adding any extra components.
Proposed PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology Technique for Leakage Current ...IJPEDS-IAES
Importance and demand of using renewable energy is dramatically escalated globally. Hence, the use of renewable energy is going to touch in peak. This demand is varying according to the site choosing. For instance, Wind is preferable where air is following highly as well as solar recommended place is high sun ray reducing places. Especially, the renewable system is highly recommended for electrification issues where it’s possible to produce the electricity for fulfilling rural and remote areas electricity problem. The photovoltaic (PV) panel of connecting with transformer based system is popular where some limitations are occurred especially cost and weight. In contrast, in this paper is focusing these issues where the transformer-less inverter system is used. Here will discuss some transformer-based and transformer-less inverter topologies and the leakage current issue which is occurred when transformer-less inverter system is used. Moreover, here is proposed a topology for reducing the leakage current after doing switching technique in both 50% and 75% duty cycle where output voltage remains quite same.
Recently, Re-boost seven-level inverter has been developed as an alternative between Photovoltaic system and single-phase load. DC level is increased using a re-boost regulator and its output is rehabilitated into single-phase AC utilizing a seven-level inverter. The re-boost converter is utilized to escalate the voltage gain. The objective of the suggested closed loop Re-boost Seven Level Inverter fed Induction Motor (RBSLIIM) system is to enhance the dynamic response of RBSLIIM using FO-P-I-D controller. Simulink models are developed for P-I and FO-P-I-D controlled RBSLIIM systems. The results of P-I and FO-P-I-D based RBSLIIM systems indicate that the voltage response with FO-P-I-D is superior to P-I controlled RBSLIIM system.
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Since so many years a problem occurs in KSB Pump Va mbori for casting process i.e. cracks occurs in the castings & it is repeated one. Therefore the compan y has given opportunity to me to solve this problem . In case of steel casting there are mainly cracks & also blo w holes induced due to the casting procedure. There are many factors for the casting defects .The factor is unev en material feeding in casting & also due to the mo uld material & also the core material. These cracks finally brea k directly the component of the casting i.e. in cas e of pump the casting component is like Impeller,Volute casing & casing cover. At the time of feeding of steel material in to the casting the material is in liquid us form i.e. it i s hot material & this material is feeding into casting at the time o f feeding it develop different region of heat. At o ne side the temp is high &at other side the temp is low this also pr oduce cracks. To simulate that casting we use the M AGMA SOFTWARE for simulation & validate it using NDT.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
DESIGN AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF SEVEN LEVEL CASCADED GRID CONNECTED INVERTER FOR PV SYSTEM
1. NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]
ISSN: 2394-3696
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 10, OCT.-2015
1 | P a g e
DESIGN AND SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF SEVEN LEVEL
CASCADED GRID CONNECTED INVERTER FOR PV SYSTEM
Akshay B. Zade,
Student M.E
Department of Electrical,
University of Pune, GHRIET, Pune, India
Dr. Asha Gaikwad,
Professor
Department of Electrical,
University of Pune, GHRIET, Pune, India
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the simulation analysis of seven level cascaded grid connected inverter and
also compared with five level inverter for %THD for voltage and current by using level shifted
PWM techniques. The proposed system are modeled and simulated through computer software
tool using MATLAB /SIMULINK. This paper also presents the design and development of the
seven level cascaded grid connected inverter.The LC filter is also use in the output side to further
reduce the THD values.Seven level inverter is utilise as a power converter to inject power
generated from pv source to the grid.Multilevel inverters have been mainly used in medium- or
high-power system applications, such as static reactive power compensation and adjustable-speed
drives. In these applications, due to the limitations of the currently available power
semiconductor technology.The term multilevel began with the three-level converter.
Subsequently, several multilevel converter topologies have been developed. However, the
elementary concept of a multilevel converter to achieve higher power is to use a series of power
semiconductor switches with several lowerVoltage dc sources to perform the power conversion
by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. Capacitors, batteries, and renewable energy
voltage sources can be used as the multiple dc voltage sources. The commutation of the power
switches aggregate these multiple dc sources in order to achieve high voltage at the output;
however, the rated voltage of the power semiconductor switches depends only upon the rating of
the dc voltage sources to which they are connected Percentage of THD for R, RL, RLC load
taken and simulation results analyse and studied and comparison made between five level and
seven level .
KEYWORDS:- Total hormonic distortion(THD), Multilevel inverter, PV array
2. NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIONS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]
ISSN: 2394-3696
VOLUME 2, ISSUE 10, OCT.-2015
2 | P a g e
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Dr. Asha Gaikwad for their help in the preparation
of this paper.
INTRODUCTION
The increasing number of renewable energy sources and distributed generators require new
startgies for the operation and management of the electricity grid in order to maintain and
improve the power supply reliability and quality.The multilevel inverter have been mainly use in
medium or high power system appliation.Multilevel inverter concept is usually a unique
alternative because it is having low switching frequency and also provides voltage and current
sharing between power semiconductors.Acompilation of the most common topologies of
multilevel converters is presented in[1],and it shows which ones are best suitable to implement
inverters for stand-alone applications in the range of a few kilowatts.As an example, a prototype
of 3 kVA was implementedin [1] ,andpeak efficiency of 96.0% is shown in[1]
In [2] by using feedback controller a digital proportional –integral current control algorithm is
implemented in DSP TMS320F2812 to control overall operation of the invertercontrol.In this
Photovoltaic system is recognised to be in the forefront in renewable electric power generation , it
can generate dc without environmental impact and contamination when track by solar
radiation.one of the problem in the PV generation system is the amount of electric power
generated by solar arrays always changing with weather condition, so MPPT method
implemented for the optimum results.
In [3] in phase disposition level shifted multi-carrier modulation is used as a control strategy, and
cascaded H-bridge inverter require less no. of components as compared to diode clamped inverter
and developed seven level inverter is integrated with PV array and by compared with
conventional inverter
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are rapidly gaining popularity for sustainable power
generation, they being less polluting and readily available resources. Moreover, Solar-Photo
Voltaic (PV) based power generation has much more importance, it being more reliable and
requires less maintenance (as it has no rotating mechanisms). The trend of megawatt range PV
plants will demand higher power ratings for the central grid tied converter, and traditional two
level VSI topologies will not be able to fulfill power rating, power quality and efficiency
requirements. The RES (PV source) is connected to the DC side of the multi level Voltage Source
Inverter (VSI) for interfacing with the grid. The multi-level VSI is utilized as a power converter
to inject the power generated from the RES (PV source) to the grid [3].
As the world is concerned with the fossil fuel exhaustion and environmental problem caused by
conventional power generation, particularly solar have become very popular and demanding. PV
sources are used in many applications because they have advantage of being maintenance and
pollution free. It is used to convert the dc power from solar module to ac power to feed into load
or grid. Multi-level inverter is used for PV application [4].
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Numerous industrial applications have begun to require higher power apparatus in recent years.
Some medium voltage motor drives and utility applications require medium voltage and
megawatt power level. For a medium voltage grid, it is troublesome to connect only one power
semiconductor switch directly. As a result, a multilevel power converter structure has been
introduced as an alternative in high power and medium voltage situations. A multilevel converter
not only achieves high power ratings, but also enables the use of renewable energy sources.
Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic, wind, and fuel cells can be easily interfaced to
amultilevel converter system for a high power application. The concept of multilevel converters
has been introduced since 1975. The term multilevel began with the three-level converter.
Subsequently, several multilevel converter topologies have been developed. However, the
elementary concept of a multilevel converter to achieve higher power is to use a series of power
semiconductor switches with several lowerVoltage dc sources to perform the power conversion
by synthesizing a staircase voltage waveform. Capacitors, batteries, and renewable energy
voltage sources can be used as the multiple dc voltage sources. The commutation of the power
switches aggregate these multiple dc sources in order to achieve high voltage at the output;
however, the rated voltage of the power semiconductor switches depends only upon the rating of
the dc voltage sources to which they are connected[5].
Multilevel inverters have been mainly used in medium- or high-power system applications, such
as static reactive power compensation and adjustable-speed drives. In these applications, due to
the limitations of the currently available power semiconductor technology, a multilevel concept is
usually a unique alternative because it is based on low-frequency switching and provides voltage
and/or current sharing between the power semiconductors [6].
This paper presents the simulation analysis of seven level cascaded grid connected inverter and
also compared with five level inverter for %THD for voltage and current by using level shifted
PWM techniques. The proposed system are modeled and simulated through computer software
tool using MATLAB /SIMULINK. This paper also presents the design and development of the
seven & five level cascaded grid connected inverter.The LC filter is also use in the output side to
further reduce the THD values. Seven level inverter is utilise as a power converter to inject power
generated from pv source to the grid. PV array cell is designed in matlab, and solar is taken as
input to the seven level inverter and performance is evaluted.
% of THD for R, RL, RLC load taken and simulation results analyse and studied and comparison
made between five level and seven level .
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Figure.1: Block Diagram of proposed Multi Level Inverter
PV CELL
DC LINK
CAPACI
TOR
SEVEN
LEVEL
INVER
TER
FILTER LOAD
PWM
CONTROLLER
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Fig(1) shows block diagram of proposed model before implementation of PV cell as input source
seven level & five level inverter is design with using separate dc source with dc link capacitor
and after implementation of PV cell model in matlab PV cell taken as input of the seven level and
five level inverter
Need of the inverter: - One of the drawback in the solar energy sources is the need of the energy
storage for the system to be utilized for the significant percentage of the day, one way to
overcome this disadvantage by utilizing the inverter and its controller circuits for PV based DG
units during the day and nights times for improving the reactive power compensation and
harmonic elimination on its neighboring DG units and the grid by proper exchange of reactive
power between the sources.
H-Bridge Inverter:
Figure 2: H- bridge inverter
The traditional two or three levels inverter does not completely eliminate the unwanted harmonics
in the output waveform. Therefore, using the multilevel inverter as an alternative to traditional
PWM inverters is investigated. In this topology the number of phase voltage levels at the
converter terminals is 2N+1, where N is the number of cells or dc link voltages. In this topology,
each cell has separate dc link capacitor and the voltage across the capacitor might differ among
the cells. So, each power circuit needs just one dc voltage source. The number of dc link
capacitors is proportional to the number of phase voltage levels .Each H-bridge cell may have
positive, negative or zero voltage. Final output voltage is the sum of all H-bridge cell voltages
and is symmetric with respect to neutral point, so the number of voltage levels is odd.
Five level Inverter:-
Figure 3: Single phase diagram of 5-level CHB inverter
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In five level inverter two H-bridges are used and each H –bridge required four switch with
separate dc source and it is simulated through matlab Simulinkby using simpower system
platform..
Seven level inverter:
Figure 4: Single phase diagram of 7-level CHB inverter
Control strategy:
The following are the different control strategies for an inverter,
(i) Bipolar and Unipolar PWM
(ii)Carrier based PWM
(a) Phase shifted multi-carrier modulation
(b) Level shifted multi-carrier modulation
(iii)Stair case modulation
(iv)Selective harmonic elimination scheme
(v)Space vector modulation scheme
Level shifted multi-carrier modulation:
For an N level inverter, level shifted multicarrier modulation requires (N-1) carriers, all having
the same frequency and amplitude. The (N-1) triangular carriers are vertically disposed such that
the bands they occupy are contiguous. The frequency modulation index is given by mf=fcr /fm
and the amplitude modulation index isdefined as ma =2Vm / Vcr (m-1); for 0<ma<=1 where Vm
is the peak amplitude of the modulating wave and Vcr is the peak amplitude of each carrier wave.
Shows three schemes for the level-shifted multicarrier modulation:
(a) In-Phase Disposition (IPD), where all carriers are in phase;
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(b) Alternative Phase Opposite Disposition (APOD), where all carriers are alternatively in
opposite disposition; and
(c) Phase opposite Disposition (POD), where all carriers above the zero reference are in phase but
in opposition with those below the zero reference. In this paper, IPD type level shifted
multicarrier modulation control strategy is employed because it results in better THD
performance than the POD and APOD. For a 7-level inverter, six carrier waves with each of
0.33V amplitude and frequency of 1000Hz and one reference wave with 1V amplitude and
frequency of 50Hz, required for an amplitude modulation index of 1 and a frequency modulation
index of 20.
Filter: -Filter is use to reduce the harmonics and ripples, LC capacitor is used to reduce the
%THD and results are taken.
Various types of load:
Resistive load: - Resistive loads are loads which consume electrical energy in a sinusoidal
manner. This means that the current flow is in time with and directly proportional to the voltage.
It is a load that contains no inductance or capacitance, just pure resistance. Therefore; when a
resistive load is energized, the current rises instantly to its steady-state value without first rising
to a higher value.
It includes loads such as incandescent lighting and electrical heaters.
Inductive Loads: - An Inductive Load is a load that pulls a large amount of current (an inrush
current) when first energized. After a few cycles or seconds the current "settles down" to the full-
load running current. Inductive loads can use excessive voltages to appear when switched.
Examples of Inductive Loads are motors, transformers, and wound control gear.
Capacitive Loads: - A Capacitive Load is an AC electrical load in which the current wave reaches
its peak before the voltage. Capacitive loads are loads that capacitance exceeds inductance.
Example of a Capacitive Load is the flash of the camera.
Matlab simulation of above block diagram :
Figure.5: Five level simulation model:-
Continuous
powerg ui
v+
-
Voltage Measurement1
s
To Workspace1
1
3
5
7
9
11
2
4
Out1
Subsystem
Series RLC Branch4
Series RLC Branch3
Series RLC Branch
Scope3
Scope2
gm
DS
Mosfet7
gm
DS
Mosfet6
gm
DS
Mosfet5
gm
DS
Mosfet4
gm
DS
Mosfet3
gm
DS
Mosfet2
gm
DS
Mosfet1
gm
DS
Mosfet
DC Voltage Source1
DC Voltage Source
i+ -
C urrent Measurement1
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Figure. 7: Seven level inverter simulation model
PV model:
Figure 8 : Equivalent circuit of Solar PV cell
Fig (8) Solar cell model
Continuous
powergui
v+
-
Voltage Measurement
s
To Workspace
Sin and Triangular
1
3
5
7
9
11
2
4
6
8
10
12
Subsystem2
Series RLC Branch2
Series RLC Branch1
Series RLC Branch
Scope1
Scope
gm
DS
Mosfet9
gm
DS
Mosfet8
gm
DS
Mosfet7
gm
DS
Mosfet6
gm
DS
Mosfet5
gm
DS
Mosfet4
gm
DS
Mosfet3
gm
DS
Mosfet2
gm
DS
Mosfet12
gm
DS
Mosfet11
gm
DS
Mosfet10
gm
DS
Mosfet1
DC Voltage Source1
DC Voltage Source
DC
i
+ -
Current Measurement
Continuous
powergui
v+
-
Vo
Conn1
Conn2
Subsystem
Scope
R
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Figure. 9: Simulation model of solar cell
PV array reverse saturation current Irs:
I rs =
୍ୱୡ୰
[ୣ୶୮ (୯୭ୡ/ ୱ୩ ) – ଵ]
……………….….1
PV array saturation current Io:
Io = Irs[T/ Tr ]3 exp[q Ego /Bk{1/Tr -1/T}]…2
The current output of the PV array is:
Ipv = Np*Iph-Np*Io[exp{q (VPV+IPV*Rs)/ NsAkT}-1]……….3
Where
Vpv is output voltage of a PV array (V)
Ipv is output current of a PV array (A)
Tr is the reference temperature=298 K
T is the cell temperature in oC
Io is the PV array saturation current (A)
A=B is an ideality factor =1.6
K is the Boltzmann constant =1.3805e-23J/K
q is electron charge=1.6e-19C
Iscr is the PV array short circuit current at 25°C
and 1000W/sq.m =2.55A
Ki is the short circuit current temperature
coefficient at Iscr =0.0017A/°C
S is the PV array illumination (W/sq.m)
=1000W/sq.m
Ego is the band gap for silicon =1.1eV
Voc is the output voltage of the PV array
3
ipv
2
ppv
1
vpv
2
-
1
+
V
+
-
Voltage Sensor
f(x)=0
Solver
Configuration
Ir
-
+
Solar module (36 cells)
PSS
Simulink-PS
Converter
Scope
Product
PS S
PS-Simulink
Converter1
PS S
PS-Simulink
Converter
Electrical Reference
I
+
-
Current Sensor
1
solar power
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Figure 10: Single phase seven level inverter with solar as input.
SIMULATION & RESULTS:
The seven level inverter operation and its results at various load condition like R, RL, RLC are
studied and discussed below. The simulink output voltage and current are taken for the seven
level inverter and its graph is taken and its waveform is given below.
Figure.11: Output voltage for RLC load seven level inverter (without filter).
1
Out3
2
vn1
1
va
v+
-
Voltage Measurement
si mout
To Workspace
Conn1
Conn2
Subsystem3
Conn1
Conn2
Subsystem2
Conn1
Conn2
Subsystem1
1
3
5
7
h11
h7
h8
Out1
6
h3
h4
12
Subsystem
Series RLC Branch2
Series RLC Branch1
Series RLC Branch
Scope
R2
R1
R
g
D
S
Mosfet9 g
D
S
Mosfet8
g
D
S
Mosfet7
g
D
S
Mosfet6
g
D
S
Mosfet5
g
D
S
Mosfet4
g
D
S
Mosfet3
g
D
S
Mosfet2
g
D
S
Mosfet11
g
D
S
Mosfet10
g
D
S
Mosfet1
g
D
S
Mosfet
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Figure 12: Graph for RLC load seven level inverter
Figure.13: Output current for RLC load seven level inverter(Without filter)
Figure. 15: Graph for output current RLC load seven level inverter
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The total harmonic distortion of seven level inverter is taken for voltage and current harmonics
and it’s tabulated below.
Multilevel inverter R load RL load RLC load
5 level 24.87% 31.88% 25.88%
7 level 17.59% 18.34% 18.33%
Table 1. Comparison table for 5 level and 7 level inverter (For voltage without filter)
Multilevel inverter R load RL load RLC load
5 level 24.87% 11.87% 13.12%
7 level 17.59% 4.28% 4.30%
Table 2. Comparison table for 5 level and 7 level inverter (For Current without filter)
The above table 1 & 2 deals with comparison of five levels and seven level inverter, while
studying the table, we can justify that the seven level inverter will gives low harmonics compared
to five level inverter. The THD simulink output waveform with for the seven level inverter is
below.
The THD value of the seven level inverter for voltage is for RLC load is 18.33% and current
THD value is 4.30 %, these output are taken without usage of filter, when we use the filter the
harmonics in the output will be reduced, and results are tabulated below.
Multilevel inverter R load RL load RLC load
5 level 8.61% 10.76% 8.40%
7 level 1.47% 1.48% 2.24%
Table 3. Comparison table for 5 level and 7 level inverter (For voltage with filter)
Multilevel inverter R load RL load RLC load
5 level 8.61% 10.48% 8.31%
7 level 1.47% 1.27% 2.11%
Table 4. Comparison table for 5 level and 7 level inverter (For current with filter)
Figure 15:Voltage THD value for RLC load for seven level inverter
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Control strategy Level shifted multi – carrier modulation
Fundamental frequency 50 Hz
R 10 Ohm
L 5e-3 H
C 1000e-6 F
Table (5) multilevel inverter parameter
Operating temperature of PV array 25 deg.cel
Irradiation of PV array 1000 w/sq.mm
Output voltage of PV array 12 V
Output current of PV array 4.8 A
Output power of PV array 57.6 W
Table (6) PV array parameter
CONCLUSION
Cascaded H-bridge 5 level inverter is compared with 7 level inverter and concluded that seven
level inverter will gives low harmonics compared to the five level inverter, Simulations has been
done using MATLAB Simulink, with developed topology and found that the developed topology
provides the better amount of THD and also there is increase in the fundamental voltage
magnitude which implies good performance. PV array and boost converter is modelled and its
performance is analysed. Also, the 7-level Cascaded H-bridge inverter is simulated with the PV
array as its input and found to be good performance with same THD as that of Cascaded H-bridge
inverter with dc link as its input. And also, the developed 7-level inverter is integrated with the
PV array and found to be good performance.
REFERENCES
[1] S. Daher, J. Schmid, and F. L.M. Antunes, “Multilevel inverter topologies for stand-alone
PV systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 2703–2712,Jul. 2008
[2] JeyrajSelvaraj and Nasrudin A. Rahim, Senior Member, IEEE,” Multilevel Inverter For
Grid-Connected PV System Employing Digital PI Controller” IEEE TRANSAC TIONS ON
INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, VOL. 56, NO. 1, JANUARY 2009.
[3] P. VENU GOPAL M Tech (Power Electronics), VNR VJIET, Professor and head, EEE
Dept, VNR VJIET, “Analysis and simulation of solar pv based multilevel converters
“international journal of professional engineering studies.
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[4] AdilSarwar, Mohammad S. J. Asghar, “Simulation and Analysis of a Multilevel Converter
Topology for Solar PV Based Grid Connected Inverter” Smart Grid and Renewable
Energy, 2011, 2, 56-62 doi:10.4236/sgre.2011.21007 Published Online February 2011.
[5] S. Naresh Kumar*, S. NareshSivakanth **, K. Siva Kumar, “Multi-Level Inverter for
Power Quality Improvement in Renewable Power Generation System, International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol.3 Issue8, August-2014 IJERT
ISSN: 2278-018.
[6] Reddaiah Polisetty, Nadendla Sharief, Gopi Pasala, “Simulation Analysis of Multi level
Inverter for Solar Power Applications “International Journal of Advanced Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, (IJAEEE).
[7] Karthika N, Sangari A, Uma maheswari R “Performance Analysis of Multi Level Inverter
with DC Link Switches for Renewable Energy Resources” International Journal of
Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-2,
Issue-6, May 2013.
[8] J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R. C.PortilloGuisado, M. A.
M. Prats, J. I. Leon, and N.Moreno-Alfonso, “Power electronic systems for the grid
integration of renewable energy sources: A survey,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53,
no. 4, pp. 1002– 1016, Aug. 2006
[9] L. M. Tolbert and T. G. Habetler, “Novel multilevel inverter carrier-based PWM method,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 1098–1107, Sep./Oct. 1999
[10]MD.SAFIA, T V V PAVAN KUMAR, “Design and Simulation of Grid Connected PV
system Using Multilevel Inverters”International Journal of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering (IJEEE), ISSN (PRINT): 2231 – 5184, Volume-4, Issue-2, 2013.
BIOGRAPHIES:
Mr.Akshay Bhaurao Zade received the B.E degree from RCERT, Chandrapur, from Nagpur
University in Electrical Engineering .He is doing M.E from GHRIET, University of Pune, He has
presented a paper in an International conference. Three years Industrial experience as an
Engineer. His field of interest is Power Systems, Industrial drives and their control, Welding
automation.
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Dr. Asha Gaikwad received the B.E and M.Tech degree from VNIT, Nagpur from Nagpur
University in Electrical Engineering. She conducted her Ph.D. studies at SGSITS, Indore from
RGPV, Bhopal. For the last decade, she has worked as
and is currently working as Associate Professor in Electrical Department at GHRIET, Pune. Her
fields of interest are Power Electronics and Power Systems.
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Dr. Asha Gaikwad received the B.E and M.Tech degree from VNIT, Nagpur from Nagpur
University in Electrical Engineering. She conducted her Ph.D. studies at SGSITS, Indore from
RGPV, Bhopal. For the last decade, she has worked as faculty in various Engineering colleges
and is currently working as Associate Professor in Electrical Department at GHRIET, Pune. Her
fields of interest are Power Electronics and Power Systems.
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Dr. Asha Gaikwad received the B.E and M.Tech degree from VNIT, Nagpur from Nagpur
University in Electrical Engineering. She conducted her Ph.D. studies at SGSITS, Indore from
faculty in various Engineering colleges
and is currently working as Associate Professor in Electrical Department at GHRIET, Pune. Her